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OPEN AND DISTANCE EDUCATION: A Needful Empowerment Strategy for Nigerian Women

Year 2015, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 14 - 28, 02.11.2015

Abstract

Open and Distance Education (ODE) has offered access to many people who would have previously been denied access to educational opportunities based on where they live or work, poor-economic circumstances, social status etc. In the past, the African female child had always been denied formal education due to various cultural and social prejudices. Distance education (DE) has also been employed by numerous women, who had earlier been deprived, to bridge the educational gap between males and females in the country. Thus, the need for Women emancipation through empowerment all over the world is at its peak and Nigerians generally are not left out. Therefore, an attempt to make sure that women’s voices are heard, given their right places in the scheme of things, and also the educational attainment of women considering the low level of girls’ education in Nigeria which is at a negative variance to attaining women position since certain educational attainments are required for optimal functionality in the various available organs; work place, group or committees of local or international standing. This paper therefore stresses the use of open and distance learning as an avenue to attain knowledge and education that would put Nigerian women in a better footpath toward achieving their desired aspirations in Life.

References

  • Adegbile, J. A & Oyekanmi, J. O (2010). Adequacy of facilities provided by the University of Ibadan Distance Learning Centre, towards meeting distance leaners’ educational, social and psychological needs. Paper presented at the International
  • Conference on Challenges of Quality Education, Institute of Education, University of Ibadan. Akubue, A. I (2001). “Gender Disparities in Third World Technological, Social, and Economic Development”, The Journal of Technology Studies, 27(2): 64-73.
  • Alcoff, L. (1988). “Cultural Feminism versus Post-Structuralism: The Identity Crisis in
  • Feminist Theory.”Signs,I 13 (3): 405-36. Aluko, S. (1975). “Poverty: Its remedies” in Poverty in Nigeria. The Nigerian Economic
  • Society, Ibadan, Nigeria. Awe, A. B (2012). Barriers to distance learning at the National Open University of
  • Nigeria. Kogan Page, London Calvert, B. (1986). “Facilitating the transfer of Distance Courses”. Paper presented at the Eight World Conference on the Development of Human Opportunity. Delhi, India:
  • Open University Press. Chaudry, P. (1995). Women’s Education in India. New Delhi: Haranand.
  • Daniel, J. S. (2010). Mega-Schools, Technology and Teachers: Achieving education for all. London: Routledge.
  • Dhanarajan, G. (2008). “Combating Poverty through Adult Education. Silver Jubilee
  • Celebration of the Institute of Distance and Continuing Education”. University of Guyana. 5th March, 2001.
  • Dodds, T. (Ed.) (2005). Open and distance learning in southern Africa. A collection of papers compiled for the Distance Education Association of Southern Africa (DEASA).
  • Pretoria: University of South Africa. Federal Government of Nigeria (2002) Blueprint and Implementation Plan for The National Open University And Distance Learning Programme. Federal Ministry of Education, Abuja.
  • FGN (2013). National Policy on Education; Goals and Objective of Open/Distance
  • Education Federal Ministry of Education (2002). Blue Print and Implementation Plan for the National Open and Distance Learning Programmes, Abuja: Government Press.
  • Glen, F. (2005). A Virtual University for Small States of the Commonwealth Vancouver:
  • The Commonwealth for Learning. Holmberg, B. (1995). Theory and practice of distance education. 2nd edition. London: Borje. http://www.acenet.edu/bookstore/pdf/distributed-learning/distributed-learning- 0pdf
  • Kanwar, A. S and Taplin, M. (2001) (eds) Brave New Women of Asia: How Distance
  • Education Changed their Lives. Vancouver, British Columbia: The Commonwealth of Learning. Kaufman, R., Walkins, R.& Guera, I. (2000). The Future of Distance Learning: National
  • Open and Distance Learning Programmes, Abuja: Government NERC Press. Nigeria. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, Vol 1, 1:2 Lunneborg, P. (1994). Open University Women. London: Cassell, UK.
  • Malhotra, A., Schuler, S. R and Boender, C. (2002). Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development. Background Paper Prepared for the World
  • Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives. Final Version: June 28, 200 Morayo J. (2013). An Appraisal of the Open and Distance Learning Programme in
  • Nigeria; Journal of Education and Practice, Vol.4, No.3, 2013
  • Ofoegbu, I. F (2009). “Female Access to Basic Education: A Case for Open Distance
  • Learning (ODL)”, Edo Journal of Couselling, 2 (1): 46-57. Ogwumike, F. O and Ekpenyong, D. B. (1995). Impact of Structural Adjustment Policies on Poverty and Income Distribution in Nigeria. Final Report to the African Economic
  • Research Consortium (AERC) Nairobi Kenya. Ojo, G. J. A. (1983). The Open University: An alternative higher education;Issues In
  • Educational Measurement and Evaluation in Nigeria. Ibadan: ERSG, Nigeria. Olakulehin, F. K and Ojo, O. D. (2006) “Distance Education as a Women Empowerment
  • Strategy in Africa”. Indian Journal of Open Learning, l5 (3):271-280. Pityana, N. B. (2009). Open Distance Learning in the Developing World: Trends,
  • Progress and Challenges. Keynote Speech delivered on the occasion of the M–2009 23rd
  • ICDE World Conference on Open Learning and Distance Education. “Flexible Education for All: Open-Global-Innovative” 7 -10 June 2009, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
  • Raj, M. (1982). “Women, Work and Science in India.” In Women’s Education in the Third World: Comparative Perspectives. Albany: State University of New York Press.
  • Saraswathy A. K., Panicker, K.S and Sumi, M. (2008).“Micro Credit and Women
  • Empowerment: a Study in India.” International Journal of Global Business, 1 (1): 184- 2
  • Terhemba, N. (2011). Open and Distance Education: A contribution to Poverty alleviation and empowerment of women. Department of French and International
  • Studies,National Open University of Nigeria,Lagos Nigeria. UNESCO (1999). UNESCO Mainstreaming the Needs of Women. Paris: UNESCO.
  • UNESCO (January 2002). Estimates and projections of adult literacy for population aged 15 years old and above.http://www.uis.unesco.org/en/stats/stats0.htm
  • UNESCO (2002). ODL: Trends, Policy and Strategy Consideration. Paris, UNESCO
  • UNESCO (2002). Sudan basic education sector study. Paris: UNESCO Paris 2002 report).
  • UNICEF (2002), Human Development Index (HDI), UNDP Human Development Report.
  • Wikipedia; Definition of Distance Education http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance_education World Bank Report, 2000. NUC (2006) Results of November 2005 System-Wide
  • Accreditation Exercise, Monday Memo, 5(3). NUC (2005):
  • World Education Forum (WEF) (2000). The Dakar Framework of Action. Paris: UNESCO.
Year 2015, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 14 - 28, 02.11.2015

Abstract

References

  • Adegbile, J. A & Oyekanmi, J. O (2010). Adequacy of facilities provided by the University of Ibadan Distance Learning Centre, towards meeting distance leaners’ educational, social and psychological needs. Paper presented at the International
  • Conference on Challenges of Quality Education, Institute of Education, University of Ibadan. Akubue, A. I (2001). “Gender Disparities in Third World Technological, Social, and Economic Development”, The Journal of Technology Studies, 27(2): 64-73.
  • Alcoff, L. (1988). “Cultural Feminism versus Post-Structuralism: The Identity Crisis in
  • Feminist Theory.”Signs,I 13 (3): 405-36. Aluko, S. (1975). “Poverty: Its remedies” in Poverty in Nigeria. The Nigerian Economic
  • Society, Ibadan, Nigeria. Awe, A. B (2012). Barriers to distance learning at the National Open University of
  • Nigeria. Kogan Page, London Calvert, B. (1986). “Facilitating the transfer of Distance Courses”. Paper presented at the Eight World Conference on the Development of Human Opportunity. Delhi, India:
  • Open University Press. Chaudry, P. (1995). Women’s Education in India. New Delhi: Haranand.
  • Daniel, J. S. (2010). Mega-Schools, Technology and Teachers: Achieving education for all. London: Routledge.
  • Dhanarajan, G. (2008). “Combating Poverty through Adult Education. Silver Jubilee
  • Celebration of the Institute of Distance and Continuing Education”. University of Guyana. 5th March, 2001.
  • Dodds, T. (Ed.) (2005). Open and distance learning in southern Africa. A collection of papers compiled for the Distance Education Association of Southern Africa (DEASA).
  • Pretoria: University of South Africa. Federal Government of Nigeria (2002) Blueprint and Implementation Plan for The National Open University And Distance Learning Programme. Federal Ministry of Education, Abuja.
  • FGN (2013). National Policy on Education; Goals and Objective of Open/Distance
  • Education Federal Ministry of Education (2002). Blue Print and Implementation Plan for the National Open and Distance Learning Programmes, Abuja: Government Press.
  • Glen, F. (2005). A Virtual University for Small States of the Commonwealth Vancouver:
  • The Commonwealth for Learning. Holmberg, B. (1995). Theory and practice of distance education. 2nd edition. London: Borje. http://www.acenet.edu/bookstore/pdf/distributed-learning/distributed-learning- 0pdf
  • Kanwar, A. S and Taplin, M. (2001) (eds) Brave New Women of Asia: How Distance
  • Education Changed their Lives. Vancouver, British Columbia: The Commonwealth of Learning. Kaufman, R., Walkins, R.& Guera, I. (2000). The Future of Distance Learning: National
  • Open and Distance Learning Programmes, Abuja: Government NERC Press. Nigeria. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, Vol 1, 1:2 Lunneborg, P. (1994). Open University Women. London: Cassell, UK.
  • Malhotra, A., Schuler, S. R and Boender, C. (2002). Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development. Background Paper Prepared for the World
  • Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender: New Perspectives. Final Version: June 28, 200 Morayo J. (2013). An Appraisal of the Open and Distance Learning Programme in
  • Nigeria; Journal of Education and Practice, Vol.4, No.3, 2013
  • Ofoegbu, I. F (2009). “Female Access to Basic Education: A Case for Open Distance
  • Learning (ODL)”, Edo Journal of Couselling, 2 (1): 46-57. Ogwumike, F. O and Ekpenyong, D. B. (1995). Impact of Structural Adjustment Policies on Poverty and Income Distribution in Nigeria. Final Report to the African Economic
  • Research Consortium (AERC) Nairobi Kenya. Ojo, G. J. A. (1983). The Open University: An alternative higher education;Issues In
  • Educational Measurement and Evaluation in Nigeria. Ibadan: ERSG, Nigeria. Olakulehin, F. K and Ojo, O. D. (2006) “Distance Education as a Women Empowerment
  • Strategy in Africa”. Indian Journal of Open Learning, l5 (3):271-280. Pityana, N. B. (2009). Open Distance Learning in the Developing World: Trends,
  • Progress and Challenges. Keynote Speech delivered on the occasion of the M–2009 23rd
  • ICDE World Conference on Open Learning and Distance Education. “Flexible Education for All: Open-Global-Innovative” 7 -10 June 2009, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
  • Raj, M. (1982). “Women, Work and Science in India.” In Women’s Education in the Third World: Comparative Perspectives. Albany: State University of New York Press.
  • Saraswathy A. K., Panicker, K.S and Sumi, M. (2008).“Micro Credit and Women
  • Empowerment: a Study in India.” International Journal of Global Business, 1 (1): 184- 2
  • Terhemba, N. (2011). Open and Distance Education: A contribution to Poverty alleviation and empowerment of women. Department of French and International
  • Studies,National Open University of Nigeria,Lagos Nigeria. UNESCO (1999). UNESCO Mainstreaming the Needs of Women. Paris: UNESCO.
  • UNESCO (January 2002). Estimates and projections of adult literacy for population aged 15 years old and above.http://www.uis.unesco.org/en/stats/stats0.htm
  • UNESCO (2002). ODL: Trends, Policy and Strategy Consideration. Paris, UNESCO
  • UNESCO (2002). Sudan basic education sector study. Paris: UNESCO Paris 2002 report).
  • UNICEF (2002), Human Development Index (HDI), UNDP Human Development Report.
  • Wikipedia; Definition of Distance Education http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance_education World Bank Report, 2000. NUC (2006) Results of November 2005 System-Wide
  • Accreditation Exercise, Monday Memo, 5(3). NUC (2005):
  • World Education Forum (WEF) (2000). The Dakar Framework of Action. Paris: UNESCO.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Famade Afolayan This is me

Publication Date November 2, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Afolayan, F. (2015). OPEN AND DISTANCE EDUCATION: A Needful Empowerment Strategy for Nigerian Women. International Women Online Journal Of Distance Education, 4(2), 14-28.
AMA Afolayan F. OPEN AND DISTANCE EDUCATION: A Needful Empowerment Strategy for Nigerian Women. International Women Online Journal Of Distance Education. April 2015;4(2):14-28.
Chicago Afolayan, Famade. “OPEN AND DISTANCE EDUCATION: A Needful Empowerment Strategy for Nigerian Women”. International Women Online Journal Of Distance Education 4, no. 2 (April 2015): 14-28.
EndNote Afolayan F (April 1, 2015) OPEN AND DISTANCE EDUCATION: A Needful Empowerment Strategy for Nigerian Women. International Women Online Journal Of Distance Education 4 2 14–28.
IEEE F. Afolayan, “OPEN AND DISTANCE EDUCATION: A Needful Empowerment Strategy for Nigerian Women”, International Women Online Journal Of Distance Education, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 14–28, 2015.
ISNAD Afolayan, Famade. “OPEN AND DISTANCE EDUCATION: A Needful Empowerment Strategy for Nigerian Women”. International Women Online Journal Of Distance Education 4/2 (April 2015), 14-28.
JAMA Afolayan F. OPEN AND DISTANCE EDUCATION: A Needful Empowerment Strategy for Nigerian Women. International Women Online Journal Of Distance Education. 2015;4:14–28.
MLA Afolayan, Famade. “OPEN AND DISTANCE EDUCATION: A Needful Empowerment Strategy for Nigerian Women”. International Women Online Journal Of Distance Education, vol. 4, no. 2, 2015, pp. 14-28.
Vancouver Afolayan F. OPEN AND DISTANCE EDUCATION: A Needful Empowerment Strategy for Nigerian Women. International Women Online Journal Of Distance Education. 2015;4(2):14-28.