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DISTANCE EDUCATION: A Perspective from Women’s Studies

Year 2012, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 1 - 14, 01.07.2012

Abstract

This paper critically explores the links between Women’s Studies and distance education and questions whether this style of learning is compatible with feminist pedagogical goals. A review of the literature was conducted, primarily from a US and Canadian perspective, and the following are highlighted as key concerns to feminist educators: gender, technology, curriculum, and pedagogy. Significantly, the research suggests that distance education continually downplays the importance of a gender analysis despite the fact that women make up the majority of distance education users. The research also reveals that feminist teachers are increasingly using their experiences working in distance education to expand upon how, when, and where we teach Women’s Studies and that techniques employed within distance education could be usefully applied to in-class learning. This paper concludes with suggestions of how we might begin to bridge the gap between feminist pedagogy and distance education.

References

  • Allahyaii, R. A. (2002). Becoming Feminist Cyber Ethnographers. In N. Naples, & K. Bojar (Eds.), Teaching Feminist Activism (pp. 236-254). New York: Routledge. Athabasca
  • http://www.athabascau.ca/aboutAU/Auatglance.php at a Glance. Athabasca University. Retrieved
  • Briggs, L., & McBride, K.B. (2005). Distance Education: A Manifesto for Women’s Studies. In E.L. Kennedy, & A. Beins (Eds.), Women’s Studies for the Future: Foundations, Interrogations, Politics (pp. 314-325). New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
  • Burge, E., & Lenksyj, H. (1990). Women Studying in Distance Education: Issues and Principles.
  • http://www.jofde.ca/index.php/jde/article/view/369/260 of Distance Education, 15. Retrieved
  • from Burke, M. A. (1998). Distance Education-Reducing Barriers. Education Quarterly Review, 5(1), 8-21.
  • Canadian Association of Distance Education. (1999). Open Learning and Distance Education in Canada. Human Resources Development Canada.
  • Cragg, C. E. B., Andrusyszyn, M. A., & Joy Fraser, J. (2005). Sources of Support for Women Taking Professional Programs by Distance Education. Journal ofDistance Education, 20(1), 21-38.
  • Cronan, R. E. (1995). ‘This Class Meets in Cyberspace’: Women’s Studies Via Distance Education. Feminist Teacher, 9(2), 53-60.
  • Guymer, L. (1999). Online Teaching: No Fear of Flying in Cyberspace. In S. Hawthorne, & R.Klein (Eds.), Cyberfeminism: Connectivity, Critique and Creativity (pp. 51-79). North Melbourne: Spinifex.
  • Hanson, K., Flansberg, S., & Castano, M. (2004). Genderspace: Learning Online and the Implications of Gender. In S. Ali, S. Benjamin, & M.L. Mauthner (Eds.), ThePolitics of Gender and Education: Critical Perspectives (pp. 87-102). New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Hopkins, A. (1999). Women’s Studies on Television? It’s Time for Distance Learning. In M. Mayberry, & E. Cronan Rose (Eds.), Meeting the Challenge:
  • Pedagogies in Action (pp. 123-140). New York: Routledge.
  • Innovative Feminist Johnson, Y. (2004, October). Learner-Centered Paradigms for On-Line Education: Implications for Instructional Design Models. Paper presented at the Midwest Research- to-Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana. Retrieved from
  • https://scholarworks.iupui.edu/bitstream/handle/1805/259/Johnson.pdf?sequence=1
  • Joseph, G. (1999). Reading and Teaching Women on the Web: The Challenge of Barriers and Bottom Lines. Canadian Journal of Continuing Education, 25(1), 45-62.
  • Kaye, A. (1989). Computer-Mediated Communication and Distance Education. In R. Mason, & A. Kaye (Eds.), Mindweave: Communication, Computers and DistanceEducation (pp. 3-12). New York: Pergamon Press.
  • Kramarae, C. (2003). Gender Equity Online: When There Is No Door to Knock On. In M. Moore, & W. Anderson (Eds.), Handbook of Distance Education (pp. 261-272). Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Klebesadel, H. with Kempfert, T. (2004, April). Women's Studies, Student Learning, and Technology: How Online Teaching Can Complement Feminist Pedagogy. Teaching with Technology
  • http://www.wisconsin.edu/ttt/articles/klebesadel.htm Today, 10(5). Retrieved
  • Leiper, J.M. (1993). Women, Death, and Dying: Distance Education as a Way of Linking Personal Experience with Sociocultural Understanding. Journal of DistanceEducation, 18. Retrieved from http://www.jofde.ca/index.php/jde/article/view/220/629
  • Lindsay, C., & Almey, M. (2006). Education. Women in Education: A Gender-Based Statistical Report (pp. 89-102). 5th ed. Ottawa: Statistics Canada.
  • Maher, F.A., & Tetreault, M. K. (2002). Feminist Pedagogy. In A.M. Martinez Alemán, & K.A. Renn (Eds.), Women in Higher Education: An Encyclopedia (pp. 130-134). Oxford: ABC-CLIO.
  • Maher, J., & Hoon, C. H. (2008). Gender, Space, and Discourse across Borders: Talking Gender in Cyberspace. Feminist Teacher, 18(3), 202-215.
  • Marchbank, J. (2007). Strange Bedfellows: Feminist Pedagogy and Information Technology. In P. Cotterill, S. Jackson, & G. Letherby (Eds.), Challenges and Negotiations for Women in Higher Education (pp. 95-115). Lifelong Learning Book Series 9. Netherlands: Springer.
  • Marković, M., & Marković, D. (2007). Virtual Factories: The Education of the Future. In M. Marković (Ed.), The Perspective of Women’s Entrepreneurship in the Age of Globalization (pp. 149-156). Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.
  • Martin, J. R. (2000). Hidden Curriculum. In L. Code (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Feminist Theories (pp. 247). London: Routledge.
  • May, S. (1994). Women’s Experiences as Distance Learners: Access and Technology. Journal of Distance Education, 9(1), 81-98.
  • Moss, D. (2004). Creating Space for Learning: Conceptualizing Women and Higher Education through Space and Time. Gender and Education, 16(3), 283-302.
  • Nawratil, G. (1999). Implications of Computer-Conferenced Learning for Feminist Pedagogy and Women’s Studies: A Review of the Literature. Resources for Feminist Research, 27(1/2), 73-107.
  • Nipper, S. (1989). Third Generation Distance Education and Computer Conferencing. In R. Mason, & A. Kaye (Eds.), Mindweave: Communication, Computers and DistanceEducation (pp. 63-73). New York: Pergamon Press.
  • Oberhauser, A.M. (2008). Feminist Pedagogy: Diversity and Praxis in a University Context. In P. Moss, & K. Falconer Al-Hindi (Eds.), Feminisms in Geography: Rethinking Space, Place, and Knowledges (pp. 215-220). New York: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Raddon, A. (2007). Distance Learners Juggling Home, Work, and Study: Is Gender an Issue? In P. Cotterill, S. Jackson, & G. Letherby (Eds.), Challenges and Negotiations for Women in Higher Education (pp. 159-181). Lifelong Learning Book Series 9. Netherlands: Springer.
  • Schweitzer, I. (2001). Women’s Studies Online: Cyberfeminism or Cyberhype? Women’s Studies Quarterly, 3&4, 187-217.
  • Smith, E., & Norlen, V. (1994). Tele-Distance Education in Women’s Studies: Issues for Feminist Pedagogy. Canadian Journal for Studies in Adult Education, 8(2), 29-44.
  • Spronk, B., & Radtke, D. (1988). Problems and Possibilities: Canadian Native Women in Distance Education. In K. Faith (Ed.), Toward New Horizons for Women in Distance Education: International Perspectives (pp. 214-228). New York: Routledge.
  • Sturrock, J. (1988). Canada: The West Coast. In K. Faith (Ed.), Toward New Horizons for Women in Distance Education: International Perspectives (pp. 25-38). New York: Routledge.
  • Tisdell, E. (2000). Feminist Pedagogies. In E. Hayes, & D. Flannery with A. Brooks, E. Tisdell, & J. Hugo (Eds.), Women as Learners: The Significance of Gender in Adult Learning (pp. 155-184). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
  • Webber, M. (2006). Transgressive Pedagogies? Exploring the Difficult Realities of Enacting Feminist Pedagogies in Undergraduate Classrooms in a Canadian University. Studies in Higher Education, 31(4), 453-467.
  • Whitehouse, P. (2002). Women’s Studies Online: An Oxymoron? Women’s Studies Quarterly, 3&4, 209-225.
Year 2012, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 1 - 14, 01.07.2012

Abstract

References

  • Allahyaii, R. A. (2002). Becoming Feminist Cyber Ethnographers. In N. Naples, & K. Bojar (Eds.), Teaching Feminist Activism (pp. 236-254). New York: Routledge. Athabasca
  • http://www.athabascau.ca/aboutAU/Auatglance.php at a Glance. Athabasca University. Retrieved
  • Briggs, L., & McBride, K.B. (2005). Distance Education: A Manifesto for Women’s Studies. In E.L. Kennedy, & A. Beins (Eds.), Women’s Studies for the Future: Foundations, Interrogations, Politics (pp. 314-325). New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
  • Burge, E., & Lenksyj, H. (1990). Women Studying in Distance Education: Issues and Principles.
  • http://www.jofde.ca/index.php/jde/article/view/369/260 of Distance Education, 15. Retrieved
  • from Burke, M. A. (1998). Distance Education-Reducing Barriers. Education Quarterly Review, 5(1), 8-21.
  • Canadian Association of Distance Education. (1999). Open Learning and Distance Education in Canada. Human Resources Development Canada.
  • Cragg, C. E. B., Andrusyszyn, M. A., & Joy Fraser, J. (2005). Sources of Support for Women Taking Professional Programs by Distance Education. Journal ofDistance Education, 20(1), 21-38.
  • Cronan, R. E. (1995). ‘This Class Meets in Cyberspace’: Women’s Studies Via Distance Education. Feminist Teacher, 9(2), 53-60.
  • Guymer, L. (1999). Online Teaching: No Fear of Flying in Cyberspace. In S. Hawthorne, & R.Klein (Eds.), Cyberfeminism: Connectivity, Critique and Creativity (pp. 51-79). North Melbourne: Spinifex.
  • Hanson, K., Flansberg, S., & Castano, M. (2004). Genderspace: Learning Online and the Implications of Gender. In S. Ali, S. Benjamin, & M.L. Mauthner (Eds.), ThePolitics of Gender and Education: Critical Perspectives (pp. 87-102). New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Hopkins, A. (1999). Women’s Studies on Television? It’s Time for Distance Learning. In M. Mayberry, & E. Cronan Rose (Eds.), Meeting the Challenge:
  • Pedagogies in Action (pp. 123-140). New York: Routledge.
  • Innovative Feminist Johnson, Y. (2004, October). Learner-Centered Paradigms for On-Line Education: Implications for Instructional Design Models. Paper presented at the Midwest Research- to-Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana. Retrieved from
  • https://scholarworks.iupui.edu/bitstream/handle/1805/259/Johnson.pdf?sequence=1
  • Joseph, G. (1999). Reading and Teaching Women on the Web: The Challenge of Barriers and Bottom Lines. Canadian Journal of Continuing Education, 25(1), 45-62.
  • Kaye, A. (1989). Computer-Mediated Communication and Distance Education. In R. Mason, & A. Kaye (Eds.), Mindweave: Communication, Computers and DistanceEducation (pp. 3-12). New York: Pergamon Press.
  • Kramarae, C. (2003). Gender Equity Online: When There Is No Door to Knock On. In M. Moore, & W. Anderson (Eds.), Handbook of Distance Education (pp. 261-272). Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Klebesadel, H. with Kempfert, T. (2004, April). Women's Studies, Student Learning, and Technology: How Online Teaching Can Complement Feminist Pedagogy. Teaching with Technology
  • http://www.wisconsin.edu/ttt/articles/klebesadel.htm Today, 10(5). Retrieved
  • Leiper, J.M. (1993). Women, Death, and Dying: Distance Education as a Way of Linking Personal Experience with Sociocultural Understanding. Journal of DistanceEducation, 18. Retrieved from http://www.jofde.ca/index.php/jde/article/view/220/629
  • Lindsay, C., & Almey, M. (2006). Education. Women in Education: A Gender-Based Statistical Report (pp. 89-102). 5th ed. Ottawa: Statistics Canada.
  • Maher, F.A., & Tetreault, M. K. (2002). Feminist Pedagogy. In A.M. Martinez Alemán, & K.A. Renn (Eds.), Women in Higher Education: An Encyclopedia (pp. 130-134). Oxford: ABC-CLIO.
  • Maher, J., & Hoon, C. H. (2008). Gender, Space, and Discourse across Borders: Talking Gender in Cyberspace. Feminist Teacher, 18(3), 202-215.
  • Marchbank, J. (2007). Strange Bedfellows: Feminist Pedagogy and Information Technology. In P. Cotterill, S. Jackson, & G. Letherby (Eds.), Challenges and Negotiations for Women in Higher Education (pp. 95-115). Lifelong Learning Book Series 9. Netherlands: Springer.
  • Marković, M., & Marković, D. (2007). Virtual Factories: The Education of the Future. In M. Marković (Ed.), The Perspective of Women’s Entrepreneurship in the Age of Globalization (pp. 149-156). Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.
  • Martin, J. R. (2000). Hidden Curriculum. In L. Code (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Feminist Theories (pp. 247). London: Routledge.
  • May, S. (1994). Women’s Experiences as Distance Learners: Access and Technology. Journal of Distance Education, 9(1), 81-98.
  • Moss, D. (2004). Creating Space for Learning: Conceptualizing Women and Higher Education through Space and Time. Gender and Education, 16(3), 283-302.
  • Nawratil, G. (1999). Implications of Computer-Conferenced Learning for Feminist Pedagogy and Women’s Studies: A Review of the Literature. Resources for Feminist Research, 27(1/2), 73-107.
  • Nipper, S. (1989). Third Generation Distance Education and Computer Conferencing. In R. Mason, & A. Kaye (Eds.), Mindweave: Communication, Computers and DistanceEducation (pp. 63-73). New York: Pergamon Press.
  • Oberhauser, A.M. (2008). Feminist Pedagogy: Diversity and Praxis in a University Context. In P. Moss, & K. Falconer Al-Hindi (Eds.), Feminisms in Geography: Rethinking Space, Place, and Knowledges (pp. 215-220). New York: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Raddon, A. (2007). Distance Learners Juggling Home, Work, and Study: Is Gender an Issue? In P. Cotterill, S. Jackson, & G. Letherby (Eds.), Challenges and Negotiations for Women in Higher Education (pp. 159-181). Lifelong Learning Book Series 9. Netherlands: Springer.
  • Schweitzer, I. (2001). Women’s Studies Online: Cyberfeminism or Cyberhype? Women’s Studies Quarterly, 3&4, 187-217.
  • Smith, E., & Norlen, V. (1994). Tele-Distance Education in Women’s Studies: Issues for Feminist Pedagogy. Canadian Journal for Studies in Adult Education, 8(2), 29-44.
  • Spronk, B., & Radtke, D. (1988). Problems and Possibilities: Canadian Native Women in Distance Education. In K. Faith (Ed.), Toward New Horizons for Women in Distance Education: International Perspectives (pp. 214-228). New York: Routledge.
  • Sturrock, J. (1988). Canada: The West Coast. In K. Faith (Ed.), Toward New Horizons for Women in Distance Education: International Perspectives (pp. 25-38). New York: Routledge.
  • Tisdell, E. (2000). Feminist Pedagogies. In E. Hayes, & D. Flannery with A. Brooks, E. Tisdell, & J. Hugo (Eds.), Women as Learners: The Significance of Gender in Adult Learning (pp. 155-184). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
  • Webber, M. (2006). Transgressive Pedagogies? Exploring the Difficult Realities of Enacting Feminist Pedagogies in Undergraduate Classrooms in a Canadian University. Studies in Higher Education, 31(4), 453-467.
  • Whitehouse, P. (2002). Women’s Studies Online: An Oxymoron? Women’s Studies Quarterly, 3&4, 209-225.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Natasha Patterson This is me

Publication Date July 1, 2012
Published in Issue Year 2012 Volume: 1 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Patterson, N. (2012). DISTANCE EDUCATION: A Perspective from Women’s Studies. International Women Online Journal Of Distance Education, 1(2), 1-14.
AMA Patterson N. DISTANCE EDUCATION: A Perspective from Women’s Studies. International Women Online Journal Of Distance Education. July 2012;1(2):1-14.
Chicago Patterson, Natasha. “DISTANCE EDUCATION: A Perspective from Women’s Studies”. International Women Online Journal Of Distance Education 1, no. 2 (July 2012): 1-14.
EndNote Patterson N (July 1, 2012) DISTANCE EDUCATION: A Perspective from Women’s Studies. International Women Online Journal Of Distance Education 1 2 1–14.
IEEE N. Patterson, “DISTANCE EDUCATION: A Perspective from Women’s Studies”, International Women Online Journal Of Distance Education, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 1–14, 2012.
ISNAD Patterson, Natasha. “DISTANCE EDUCATION: A Perspective from Women’s Studies”. International Women Online Journal Of Distance Education 1/2 (July 2012), 1-14.
JAMA Patterson N. DISTANCE EDUCATION: A Perspective from Women’s Studies. International Women Online Journal Of Distance Education. 2012;1:1–14.
MLA Patterson, Natasha. “DISTANCE EDUCATION: A Perspective from Women’s Studies”. International Women Online Journal Of Distance Education, vol. 1, no. 2, 2012, pp. 1-14.
Vancouver Patterson N. DISTANCE EDUCATION: A Perspective from Women’s Studies. International Women Online Journal Of Distance Education. 2012;1(2):1-14.