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OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING:An Alternative University Educationfor Women At The Zimbabwe Open University

Year 2012, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 1 - 14, 01.04.2012

Abstract

The study examined the extent to which open and distance learning(ODL) is an

alternative university education for women at the Zimbabwe Open University (ZOU).

it explored 50 ZOU staff , that is , 12 female academic and nine clerks- and 1 7 male

academic staff and 12 clerical staff who were all purposively sampled. The study was a

qualitative in nature. Its research strategy was a case study. Data were gathered using

open-ended questionnaires. The study found out that most women had been deprived of

university education because of the absence of ODL university education before 1993.

Cultural and historical factors used to elbow women out of the conventional university

education. The study concluded that lack of university education for women could be a

drawback for the production of the human capital. It also concluded that lack of

university education for women was a letdown to national development. The study

recommended the need for Ministry of higher and tertiary education stake holders to

allocate recourses to ODL university education for women. The study could be extended

to other ODL tertiary education institutions in the Southern African Development

Community (SADC) countries for the sake of comparison using other research

methodologies.

References

  • Abdi, A. A. (2006). Culture of Education, Social Development, and Globalisation: In A. A. Abdi, K. P. Puplampu and G. J. S. Dei. (Eds), African Education and Globalisation. Critical Perspectives. London: Longman.
  • Chimbombo, E. and Mutukudzi, B. (2000). Introduction to Settlement and Population Studies. Harare: ZOU.
  • Cresswell, V. W. (2003). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing among Five Traditions. New York: Continuum.
  • Datt, G. and Martin, R. (2002). ”Is India’s Economic Crisis Leaving the Poor Behind? Journal of Economic Perspectives.Vol.16.No.3.American Economic Association.
  • Fant, E. K. (2008).Education and Girl-child Empowerment: The Case of Bunkpurugu/ Unyoo District in Northern Ghana: A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tromso (Norway) in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Master of Philosophy in Indigenous Studies. Spring 2008.
  • Folson, R. B. (2006). Economic Restructuring in Ghana: In A.A.Abdi, K.P.Puplampu and G. J. S. Dei. (Eds). African Education and Globalisation. Critical Perspectives. London: Lexington.
  • Glasier, E. and Mare, D. (2000). Cities and Skills. Journal of Labour Economics, April 2000.
  • Huggins, A. and Randell, S. (2007).Gender Equality in Rwanda. What is happening to Our Girls? Paper Presented at the South African Association of Women Graduates Conference on “Drop-outs from School and Tertiary Studies: What is happening to Our Girls?”Cape Town, May, 2007.
  • Klassen, S. (1999). Does Gender Inequality Reduce Growth and Development? Evidence from Cross Country Regressions, and Development Working Paper Series No.7.Development Research Group. World Bank. Washington, D. C. November, 1999.
  • Lucas, R. E. (1988). On the Mechanics of Economic Development. Journal of Monetary Economics 1988, N0, 22, pp. 3-42
  • Macerinskiene, I. and Vaiksnoraite, B. (2006). The Role of Higher Education to Economic Development. VDYBA/MANAGEMANT, 2006 m.Nr.2 (11)
  • Machin, S. (1999). Wage Inequalities in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s.The State of Working Britain. P. Gregg and J. Wadsworth. Manchester, NY: Manchester University Press, pp.185-204.
  • Maluwa-Banda, D. (2003).Gender Sensitive Education Policy and Practice: The Case of Malawi. Paper Commissioned for the EFA Global Monitoring Report 2003/4.Leap to Equality.efareport@unesco.org
  • Moretti, E. (2004). Estimating the Social Return to Higher Education: Evidence from Longitudinal and Repeated Cross-Sectional Data. Journal of Econometrics. July/August 2004 pp. 175-212.
  • Mortenson, T. (1999). Why College? Private Correlate of Educational Attainment Post Secondary Opportunity.No.8.March, 1999.
  • Moyo, M. (2003).Economics of Education, Economics and Society. Harare: Taylor and Francis Metapress.
  • Pauline, R. and Tembon, M. (1999).Girls and Schooling. In Ethiopia in Heward, C. and Bunwaree, S. (Eds).Gender Education and Development: Beyond Access to Empowerment. London and New York: Zeb.
  • Seale, C. (Ed). (2006). Researching Society and Culture (2nd Edition). London: Sage. Silverman, D. (2006). Interpreting Qualitative Data (3rd Edition). London: Sage.
  • Summers, L. H. (1994).Investing in all the People. Educating Women in Developing Countries. World Bank. Washington, D. C., 1994.
  • Sweetman, C. (2001). Gender, Development and Humanitarian Work. Oxfam: Oxford.
  • Thomas, R. E. and Nelson, J. K. (2001). Research Methods in Physical Activity (4 th Edition). Albany: Human Kinetics.
  • Todaro, M. P. (1997) .Economic Development in the Third World Longman: Tokyo.
  • Todaro, R. E. and Smith, S. C. (2005). Economic Development. London: Pearson Education.
  • UNICEF. (2007).Discussion of Education for Sustainable Development. Education is Essential Achieving Sustainable Development: People around the World Recognise that the Current Economic Development Trends are not Sustainable. http://www.unicef.org/discussion/default.htm-33k
  • Willig, C. (2001), Introducing Qualitative Research in Psychology. Adventures in Theory and Method. Philadelphia: Open University.
  • Wolfe, B. and Haveman, R. (n.d.). Accounting for the Social and Non-market Benefits of Education. The Contribution of Human and Social Capital to Sustained Economic Growth and Well-Being, ed.J. Heliwell, International Symposium Report, OECD and HRDC, pp. 221-250, 2002.
  • Wolf, R. and Odonkor, M. (1998). How Educating Girls Changes the Woman she becomes; An Intergenerational Study in Ghana. A Paper presented at TICCS Seminar on Women and Development, 12-14 October 1998.
  • Zvobgo, R. (2000).Transforming Education: The Zimbabwean Experience. Harare: College Press.
Year 2012, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 1 - 14, 01.04.2012

Abstract

References

  • Abdi, A. A. (2006). Culture of Education, Social Development, and Globalisation: In A. A. Abdi, K. P. Puplampu and G. J. S. Dei. (Eds), African Education and Globalisation. Critical Perspectives. London: Longman.
  • Chimbombo, E. and Mutukudzi, B. (2000). Introduction to Settlement and Population Studies. Harare: ZOU.
  • Cresswell, V. W. (2003). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing among Five Traditions. New York: Continuum.
  • Datt, G. and Martin, R. (2002). ”Is India’s Economic Crisis Leaving the Poor Behind? Journal of Economic Perspectives.Vol.16.No.3.American Economic Association.
  • Fant, E. K. (2008).Education and Girl-child Empowerment: The Case of Bunkpurugu/ Unyoo District in Northern Ghana: A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tromso (Norway) in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Master of Philosophy in Indigenous Studies. Spring 2008.
  • Folson, R. B. (2006). Economic Restructuring in Ghana: In A.A.Abdi, K.P.Puplampu and G. J. S. Dei. (Eds). African Education and Globalisation. Critical Perspectives. London: Lexington.
  • Glasier, E. and Mare, D. (2000). Cities and Skills. Journal of Labour Economics, April 2000.
  • Huggins, A. and Randell, S. (2007).Gender Equality in Rwanda. What is happening to Our Girls? Paper Presented at the South African Association of Women Graduates Conference on “Drop-outs from School and Tertiary Studies: What is happening to Our Girls?”Cape Town, May, 2007.
  • Klassen, S. (1999). Does Gender Inequality Reduce Growth and Development? Evidence from Cross Country Regressions, and Development Working Paper Series No.7.Development Research Group. World Bank. Washington, D. C. November, 1999.
  • Lucas, R. E. (1988). On the Mechanics of Economic Development. Journal of Monetary Economics 1988, N0, 22, pp. 3-42
  • Macerinskiene, I. and Vaiksnoraite, B. (2006). The Role of Higher Education to Economic Development. VDYBA/MANAGEMANT, 2006 m.Nr.2 (11)
  • Machin, S. (1999). Wage Inequalities in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s.The State of Working Britain. P. Gregg and J. Wadsworth. Manchester, NY: Manchester University Press, pp.185-204.
  • Maluwa-Banda, D. (2003).Gender Sensitive Education Policy and Practice: The Case of Malawi. Paper Commissioned for the EFA Global Monitoring Report 2003/4.Leap to Equality.efareport@unesco.org
  • Moretti, E. (2004). Estimating the Social Return to Higher Education: Evidence from Longitudinal and Repeated Cross-Sectional Data. Journal of Econometrics. July/August 2004 pp. 175-212.
  • Mortenson, T. (1999). Why College? Private Correlate of Educational Attainment Post Secondary Opportunity.No.8.March, 1999.
  • Moyo, M. (2003).Economics of Education, Economics and Society. Harare: Taylor and Francis Metapress.
  • Pauline, R. and Tembon, M. (1999).Girls and Schooling. In Ethiopia in Heward, C. and Bunwaree, S. (Eds).Gender Education and Development: Beyond Access to Empowerment. London and New York: Zeb.
  • Seale, C. (Ed). (2006). Researching Society and Culture (2nd Edition). London: Sage. Silverman, D. (2006). Interpreting Qualitative Data (3rd Edition). London: Sage.
  • Summers, L. H. (1994).Investing in all the People. Educating Women in Developing Countries. World Bank. Washington, D. C., 1994.
  • Sweetman, C. (2001). Gender, Development and Humanitarian Work. Oxfam: Oxford.
  • Thomas, R. E. and Nelson, J. K. (2001). Research Methods in Physical Activity (4 th Edition). Albany: Human Kinetics.
  • Todaro, M. P. (1997) .Economic Development in the Third World Longman: Tokyo.
  • Todaro, R. E. and Smith, S. C. (2005). Economic Development. London: Pearson Education.
  • UNICEF. (2007).Discussion of Education for Sustainable Development. Education is Essential Achieving Sustainable Development: People around the World Recognise that the Current Economic Development Trends are not Sustainable. http://www.unicef.org/discussion/default.htm-33k
  • Willig, C. (2001), Introducing Qualitative Research in Psychology. Adventures in Theory and Method. Philadelphia: Open University.
  • Wolfe, B. and Haveman, R. (n.d.). Accounting for the Social and Non-market Benefits of Education. The Contribution of Human and Social Capital to Sustained Economic Growth and Well-Being, ed.J. Heliwell, International Symposium Report, OECD and HRDC, pp. 221-250, 2002.
  • Wolf, R. and Odonkor, M. (1998). How Educating Girls Changes the Woman she becomes; An Intergenerational Study in Ghana. A Paper presented at TICCS Seminar on Women and Development, 12-14 October 1998.
  • Zvobgo, R. (2000).Transforming Education: The Zimbabwean Experience. Harare: College Press.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Tichaona Mapolısa This is me

Chipo Chırımuuta This is me

Publication Date April 1, 2012
Published in Issue Year 2012 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Mapolısa, T., & Chırımuuta, C. (2012). OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING:An Alternative University Educationfor Women At The Zimbabwe Open University. International Women Online Journal Of Distance Education, 1(1), 1-14.
AMA Mapolısa T, Chırımuuta C. OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING:An Alternative University Educationfor Women At The Zimbabwe Open University. International Women Online Journal Of Distance Education. April 2012;1(1):1-14.
Chicago Mapolısa, Tichaona, and Chipo Chırımuuta. “OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING:An Alternative University Educationfor Women At The Zimbabwe Open University”. International Women Online Journal Of Distance Education 1, no. 1 (April 2012): 1-14.
EndNote Mapolısa T, Chırımuuta C (April 1, 2012) OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING:An Alternative University Educationfor Women At The Zimbabwe Open University. International Women Online Journal Of Distance Education 1 1 1–14.
IEEE T. Mapolısa and C. Chırımuuta, “OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING:An Alternative University Educationfor Women At The Zimbabwe Open University”, International Women Online Journal Of Distance Education, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–14, 2012.
ISNAD Mapolısa, Tichaona - Chırımuuta, Chipo. “OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING:An Alternative University Educationfor Women At The Zimbabwe Open University”. International Women Online Journal Of Distance Education 1/1 (April 2012), 1-14.
JAMA Mapolısa T, Chırımuuta C. OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING:An Alternative University Educationfor Women At The Zimbabwe Open University. International Women Online Journal Of Distance Education. 2012;1:1–14.
MLA Mapolısa, Tichaona and Chipo Chırımuuta. “OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING:An Alternative University Educationfor Women At The Zimbabwe Open University”. International Women Online Journal Of Distance Education, vol. 1, no. 1, 2012, pp. 1-14.
Vancouver Mapolısa T, Chırımuuta C. OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING:An Alternative University Educationfor Women At The Zimbabwe Open University. International Women Online Journal Of Distance Education. 2012;1(1):1-14.