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Yıl 2014, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 3, 10 - 21, 23.10.2014

Armağan Kafkas , Bekir Çoksevim

Öz

The purpose of the study was to explore the effect of regular resistance exercise training applied volleyball, basketball and handball athletes to strength exercises for their upper and lower extremity muscle groups (latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, trapezius, abdominal, hamstring-quadriceps) two times a week to determine its effect on flexor-extensor muscle ratios. The study groups were composed of 36 adult male volunteers who study at Inonu University is regular athletes. They were taken from 3 groups: Basketball (12), Volleyball (12) and Handball (12) players. Biometric measurements (height, body weight, BMI), and strength parameter measurements (isokinetic knee and torso power) were taken at the beginning and at the end of an 8-week training period, with the aim of evaluating the differences of the training regime on the athlete groups. At the end of the research the results taken at the beginning and at the end of the training program applied to basketball, volleyball and handball players were analysed by using SPSS package programme. The “Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test” used to repeated double comparisons, which is a non-parametric test since the data belonging to the variables did not show normal distribution. The statistical significance level alpha (α) error was accepted as p<0.05. As a result of this study there were significant differences in the body average power values of volunteers. Basketball players were significantly higher body average power values than handball and volleyball respectively. H:Q ratio based on the level of development were found the most values in the basketball and handball players, while the lowest were found in volleyball players.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Isokinetic exercise Power Strength Dynamometer.

Kaynakça

  • Almosnino S, Stevenson MJ, Bardana DD, Elena D, Diaconescu ED, Dvir Z. (2012). Reproducibility of isokinetic knee eccentric and concentric strength indices in asymptomatic young adults. Phys Ther Sport. 13(3), 156-662.
  • Andrade Mdos S, De Lira CA, Koffes F de C, Mascarin NC, Benedito-Silva AA, Da Silva AC. (2012). Isokinetic hamstrings to quadriceps peak torque Ratio: The influence of sport modality, gender and angular velocity. J Sports Sci. 30(6), 547-553. Armstrong N, Welsman JR, Chia MYH. (2001). Short term power output in relation to growth and maturation. Br J Sports Med. 35(2), 118-124.
  • Baache H. Voleybol antremanı. Üst düzey koç ve takımlar için el kitabı. Cilt 1. Çağrı Baskı. Ankara, 1997.
  • Bilgiç, A. Kamiloğlu R., Tuncer S. (2007). Diz osteoartritinde izokinetik egzersiz programının etkinliği. J PMR Sci. 3, 70-75.
  • Bompa T.O. Antrenman kuramı ve yöntemi. çev: Tanju Bağırgan. Bağırgan yayınevi. Ankara, 20 Chulvi-Medrano I, García-Massó X, Colado JC, Pablos C, de Moraes JA, Fuster MA. (2010). Deadlift muscle force and activation under stable and unstable conditions. J Strength Cond Res. 24(10), 2723-2730.
  • Clanton TO, Coupe KJ. (1998). Hamstring strains in athletes: diagnosis and treatment. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 6(4), 237-248.
  • Costa PB, Ryan ED, Herda TJ, DeFreitas JM, Beck TW, Cramer JT. (2009). Effects of stretching on peak torque and the H:Q ratio. Int J Sports Med. 30(1):60-5. Delecluse C, Van Coppenolle H, Willems E, Van Leemputte M, Diels R, Goris M. (1995). Influence of high-resistance and high-velocity training on sprint performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 27(8), 1203-1209.
  • Derviseviç E, Hadziç V. (2012). Quadriceps and hamstrings strength in team sports: Basketball, football and volleyball. Isokinet Exerc Sci. 20(4), 293-300.
  • Devan MR, Pescatello LS, Faghri P, Anderson J. (2004). A prospective study of overuse knee injuries among female athletes with muscle imbalances and structural abnormalities. J Athl Train. 39(3):263-267.
  • Escamilla RF, Francisco AC, Kayes AV, Speer KP, Moorman CT. (2002). An electromyographic analysis of sumo and conventional style deadlifts. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 34(4), 682-688.
  • Fisher J, Bruce-Low S, & Smith DA. (2013). Randomized trial to consider the effect of Romanian deadlift exercise on the development of lumbar extension strength. Phy Ther Sport. 14(3), 139-145.
  • Fox EL, Bowers RW, Foss ML . Beden eğitimi ve sporun temelleri, Ankara, 2011. Graves JE, Pollock ML, Foster D, Leggett SH, Carpenter DM, Vuosa R, Jones A. (1990). Effect of training frequency and specificity on isometric lumbar extension strength. Spine, 15(6), 504-509.
  • Holcomb WR, Rubley MD, Lee HJ, Guadagnoli MA. (2007). Effect of hamstring-emphasized resistance training on hamstring: quadriceps strength ratios. J Strength Cond Res. 21(1), 41-47.
  • Kannus P. (1988). Knee flexor and extensor strength ratios with deficiency of the lateral collateral ligament. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 69(11), 928-931.
  • Kong PW, Burns SF. (2010). Bilateral difference in hamstrings to quadriceps ratio in healthy males and females. Phys Ther Sport. 11(1):12-17.
  • Lund H, Sondergaard K, Zachariassen T, Christensen R, Bulow P, Henriksen M, Bartels EM, Danneskiold-Samsoe B, Bliddal H. (2005). Learning effect of isokinetic measurements in healthy subjects, and comparability of Biodex and Lido dynamometers. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 25(2):75-82.
  • Magalhaes J, Oliveira J, Ascensao A, Soares J. (2004). Concentric quadriceps and hamstrings isokinetic strength in volleyball and soccer players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 44(2), 119-1
  • Mero A. (1998). Force-time characteristic and running velocity of male sprinters during the accelaration phase of sprinting. Res Q Exerc Sport. 59(2), 94-98.
  • Mjİlsnes R, Arnason A, Raastad T, & Bahr RA. (2004). 10 ‐week randomized trial comparing eccentric vs. concentric hamstring strength training in well ‐trained soccer players. Scand J Med & Sci Sports. 14(5), 311-317.
  • Newman MA, Tarpenning KM, Marino FE. (2004). Relationship between isokinetic knee strength, single-sprint performance, and repeated-sprint agility in football players. J Strength Cond Res. 18(4), 867-872.
  • Orchard J, Marsden J, Lord S, Garlick D. (1997). Preseason hamstring muscle weakness associated with hamstring muscle injury in Australian footballers. Am J Sports Med. 25(1), 81–85.
  • Özkan A ve Kinİşler A. (2010). Amerikan futbolcularında bacak hacmi, bacak kütlesi, anaerobic performans ve izokinetik kuvvet arasındaki ilişki. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. VIII(1), 35-41.
  • Pollock ML, Leggett SH, Graves JE, Jones A, Fulton M, Cirulli J. (1989). Effect of resistance training on lumbar extension strength. Am J Sports Med. 17, 624-629.
  • Rosene JM, Fogarty TD, Mahaffey BL. (2001). Isokinetic hamstrings: quadriceps ratios in intercollegiate athletes. J Athl Train. 36(4), 378.
  • Shephard RJ, Bouchlel E, Vandewalle H, Monod H. (1988). Muscle mass as a factor limiting physical work. J Appl Physiol. 64(4), 1472-1479.
  • Staron RS, Hagerman FC, Hikida RS, Murray TF, Hostler DP, Crill MT, et al. (2000). Fiber Type composition of the vastus lateralis muscle of young men and women. J Histochem Cytochem. 48(5), 623-629.
  • Young W, Mclean B, Ardagna J. (1995). Relationship between strength qualities and sprinting performance. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 35(1), 13-19.

İzokinetik Egzersiz Programlarının Sporcuların Üst ve Alt Ekstremite Kas Gurupları Üzerine Etkisi

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 3, 10 - 21, 23.10.2014

Armağan Kafkas , Bekir Çoksevim

Öz

Bu araştırma, voleybol, basketbol ve hentbol branşı sporcularına haftada iki gün
uygulanan düzenli direnç egzersizlerinin sporcuların üst ve alt ekstremite kas gruplarının
(latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, trapezius, abdominal, hamstring-kuadriseps) fleksörekstensör
kas oranları üzerine etkisini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla İnönü
Üniversitesinde öğrenim gören ve branşlarında aktif spor yapan, basketbol (12), hentbol (12)
ve voleybol (12) oyuncusu olmak üzere üç grupta toplam 36 yetişkin erkek gönüllüden
oluşmaktadır. İstatistiksel işlemler öncelikle elde edilen verilerin homojen olup olmadığını
sınamak için “Kolmogorov Smirnov” testi ile başladı. Varyanslar homojen dağılmadığı için
tekrarlayan ikili karşılaştırmalar için “Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test” analiz yöntemi uygulandı.
Araştırmada anlamlılık düzeyi olarak p < 0.05 kullanıldı. Çalışmada, gönüllülerin ortalama
gövde güç değerleri, gelişim en düşük olandan sırasıyla basketbol, hentbol ve voleybol olarak
tespit edildi. H:Q oranları gelişim düzeyi sırasıyla en fazla basketbol, hentbol ve son olarak en
düşük voleybol gönüllülerinde bulundu.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İzokinetik egzersiz Güç Kuvvet Dinamometre

Kaynakça

  • Almosnino S, Stevenson MJ, Bardana DD, Elena D, Diaconescu ED, Dvir Z. (2012). Reproducibility of isokinetic knee eccentric and concentric strength indices in asymptomatic young adults. Phys Ther Sport. 13(3), 156-662.
  • Andrade Mdos S, De Lira CA, Koffes F de C, Mascarin NC, Benedito-Silva AA, Da Silva AC. (2012). Isokinetic hamstrings to quadriceps peak torque Ratio: The influence of sport modality, gender and angular velocity. J Sports Sci. 30(6), 547-553. Armstrong N, Welsman JR, Chia MYH. (2001). Short term power output in relation to growth and maturation. Br J Sports Med. 35(2), 118-124.
  • Baache H. Voleybol antremanı. Üst düzey koç ve takımlar için el kitabı. Cilt 1. Çağrı Baskı. Ankara, 1997.
  • Bilgiç, A. Kamiloğlu R., Tuncer S. (2007). Diz osteoartritinde izokinetik egzersiz programının etkinliği. J PMR Sci. 3, 70-75.
  • Bompa T.O. Antrenman kuramı ve yöntemi. çev: Tanju Bağırgan. Bağırgan yayınevi. Ankara, 20 Chulvi-Medrano I, García-Massó X, Colado JC, Pablos C, de Moraes JA, Fuster MA. (2010). Deadlift muscle force and activation under stable and unstable conditions. J Strength Cond Res. 24(10), 2723-2730.
  • Clanton TO, Coupe KJ. (1998). Hamstring strains in athletes: diagnosis and treatment. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 6(4), 237-248.
  • Costa PB, Ryan ED, Herda TJ, DeFreitas JM, Beck TW, Cramer JT. (2009). Effects of stretching on peak torque and the H:Q ratio. Int J Sports Med. 30(1):60-5. Delecluse C, Van Coppenolle H, Willems E, Van Leemputte M, Diels R, Goris M. (1995). Influence of high-resistance and high-velocity training on sprint performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 27(8), 1203-1209.
  • Derviseviç E, Hadziç V. (2012). Quadriceps and hamstrings strength in team sports: Basketball, football and volleyball. Isokinet Exerc Sci. 20(4), 293-300.
  • Devan MR, Pescatello LS, Faghri P, Anderson J. (2004). A prospective study of overuse knee injuries among female athletes with muscle imbalances and structural abnormalities. J Athl Train. 39(3):263-267.
  • Escamilla RF, Francisco AC, Kayes AV, Speer KP, Moorman CT. (2002). An electromyographic analysis of sumo and conventional style deadlifts. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 34(4), 682-688.
  • Fisher J, Bruce-Low S, & Smith DA. (2013). Randomized trial to consider the effect of Romanian deadlift exercise on the development of lumbar extension strength. Phy Ther Sport. 14(3), 139-145.
  • Fox EL, Bowers RW, Foss ML . Beden eğitimi ve sporun temelleri, Ankara, 2011. Graves JE, Pollock ML, Foster D, Leggett SH, Carpenter DM, Vuosa R, Jones A. (1990). Effect of training frequency and specificity on isometric lumbar extension strength. Spine, 15(6), 504-509.
  • Holcomb WR, Rubley MD, Lee HJ, Guadagnoli MA. (2007). Effect of hamstring-emphasized resistance training on hamstring: quadriceps strength ratios. J Strength Cond Res. 21(1), 41-47.
  • Kannus P. (1988). Knee flexor and extensor strength ratios with deficiency of the lateral collateral ligament. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 69(11), 928-931.
  • Kong PW, Burns SF. (2010). Bilateral difference in hamstrings to quadriceps ratio in healthy males and females. Phys Ther Sport. 11(1):12-17.
  • Lund H, Sondergaard K, Zachariassen T, Christensen R, Bulow P, Henriksen M, Bartels EM, Danneskiold-Samsoe B, Bliddal H. (2005). Learning effect of isokinetic measurements in healthy subjects, and comparability of Biodex and Lido dynamometers. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 25(2):75-82.
  • Magalhaes J, Oliveira J, Ascensao A, Soares J. (2004). Concentric quadriceps and hamstrings isokinetic strength in volleyball and soccer players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 44(2), 119-1
  • Mero A. (1998). Force-time characteristic and running velocity of male sprinters during the accelaration phase of sprinting. Res Q Exerc Sport. 59(2), 94-98.
  • Mjİlsnes R, Arnason A, Raastad T, & Bahr RA. (2004). 10 ‐week randomized trial comparing eccentric vs. concentric hamstring strength training in well ‐trained soccer players. Scand J Med & Sci Sports. 14(5), 311-317.
  • Newman MA, Tarpenning KM, Marino FE. (2004). Relationship between isokinetic knee strength, single-sprint performance, and repeated-sprint agility in football players. J Strength Cond Res. 18(4), 867-872.
  • Orchard J, Marsden J, Lord S, Garlick D. (1997). Preseason hamstring muscle weakness associated with hamstring muscle injury in Australian footballers. Am J Sports Med. 25(1), 81–85.
  • Özkan A ve Kinİşler A. (2010). Amerikan futbolcularında bacak hacmi, bacak kütlesi, anaerobic performans ve izokinetik kuvvet arasındaki ilişki. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. VIII(1), 35-41.
  • Pollock ML, Leggett SH, Graves JE, Jones A, Fulton M, Cirulli J. (1989). Effect of resistance training on lumbar extension strength. Am J Sports Med. 17, 624-629.
  • Rosene JM, Fogarty TD, Mahaffey BL. (2001). Isokinetic hamstrings: quadriceps ratios in intercollegiate athletes. J Athl Train. 36(4), 378.
  • Shephard RJ, Bouchlel E, Vandewalle H, Monod H. (1988). Muscle mass as a factor limiting physical work. J Appl Physiol. 64(4), 1472-1479.
  • Staron RS, Hagerman FC, Hikida RS, Murray TF, Hostler DP, Crill MT, et al. (2000). Fiber Type composition of the vastus lateralis muscle of young men and women. J Histochem Cytochem. 48(5), 623-629.
  • Young W, Mclean B, Ardagna J. (1995). Relationship between strength qualities and sprinting performance. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 35(1), 13-19.
Toplam 27 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Hareket ve Egzersiz Bilimi
Yazarlar

Armağan Kafkas

Bekir Çoksevim Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 23 Ekim 2014
Gönderilme Tarihi 23 Ekim 2014
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2014 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Kafkas, A., & Çoksevim, B. (2014). İzokinetik Egzersiz Programlarının Sporcuların Üst ve Alt Ekstremite Kas Gurupları Üzerine Etkisi. İnönü Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(3), 10-21.
 Kapak Resmi İndir

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