The Mediating Effect of Employee well-being in relation to Role Stressors and Turnover Intention: A Conceptual Study

Abstract

The technological revolution has escorted diverse roles with deleterious effects, which in turn triggers stress. Role stressors are comprehensively conceptualized as two distinctive variables, role conflict and role ambiguity. In literature, studies have shown a positive relationship of role conflict and role ambiguity with turnover intention while a negative relationship of employee well-being and turnover intention. However, very limited studies have attempted to examine the indirect effect of employee well-being between role stressors and turnover intention. The main objective of this conceptual study is to propose a framework whereby examining the relationship between role stressors and turnover intention with the mediating role of employee well-being. Simple random sampling will be used for data collection from IT executives of software companies of Malaysia in order to examine the relationship between role stressors, employee well-being and turnover intention with the help of structure equation modeling. This study emphasizes the considerable importance of employee well-being interventions at the workplace to enhance the retention strategy

Keywords

• Role Stressors, Employee Well-being, Turnover Intention, Structure Equation Modeling

References

1. Ahmadi, K., Alireza, K. (2007), Stress and job satisfaction among air force military pilots. Journal of Social Sciences, 3(3), 159-163.
2. American Psychological Association. (2009), Stress in America. Available from: https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/stress/2009/stressexec-summary.pdf. [Last retrieved on 2015 Jun 18].
3. Hewitt, A.O.N. (2009-2011), APAC Year on Year Attrition Rate . Available from: http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/02/19/why-jobhoppers-hop.html. [Last retrieved on 2014 Dec 19].
4. Appelbaum, E. (2000), Manufacturing Advantage: Why HighPerformance Work Systems Pay Off. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
5. Armstrong-Stassen, M., Al-Ma’Aitah, R., Cameron, S., Horsburgh, M. (1994), Determinants and consequences of burnout: Across-cultural comparison of Canadian and Jordanian nurses. Health Care for Women International, 15(5), 413-421.
6. Bartel, A.P. (2004), Human resource management and organizational performance: Evidence from retail banking. Industrial & Labor Relations Review, 57(2), 181-203.
7. Boxall, P., Macky, K. (2014), High-involvement work processes, work intensification and employee well-being. Work, Employment & Society, 28(6), 963-984.
8. Cheng, T., Mauno, S., Lee, C. (2014), The buffering effect of coping strategies in the relationship between job insecurity and employee well-being. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 35(1), 71-94.

9. Chiu, S.F., Yeh, S.P., Huang, T.C. (2015), Role stressors and employee deviance: The moderating effect of social support. Personnel Review, 44(2), 308-324.
10. Chumg, H.F., Cooke, L., Fry, J., Hung, I.H. (2015), Factors affecting knowledge sharing in the virtual organisation: Employees’ sense of well-being as a mediating effect. Computers in Human Behavior, 44, 70-80.
11. Cooper, C.L., Dewe, P.J., O’Driscoll, M.P. (2001), Organizational Stress: A Review and Critique of Theory, Research, and Applications. London: Sage.
12. Dewe, P., Kompier, M. (2008), Well-being and Work: Future Challenges. London: Foresight, Government Office for Science.
13. Firth, L., Mellor, D.J., Moore, K.A., Loquet, C. (2004), How can managers reduce employee intention to quit? Journal of Managerial Psychology, 19(2), 170-187.
14. Fisk, J.D., Doble, S.E. (2002), Construction and validation of a fatigue impact scale for daily administration (D-FIS). Quality of Life Research, 11(3), 263-272.
15. Floyd, S.W., Wooldridge, B. (2000), Building Strategy from the Middle: Reconceptualizing Strategy Process. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
16. Ganesan, S., Weitz, B.A. (1996), The impact of staffing policies on retail buyer job attitudes and behaviors. Journal of Retailing, 72(1), 31-56.
17. Gelade, G.A., Ivery, M. (2003), The impact of human resource management and work climate on organizational performance. Personnel Psychology, 56(2), 383-404.
18. Good, L.K., Sisler, G.F., Gentry, J.W. (1988), Antecedents of turnover intentions among retail management. Journal of Retailing, 64(3), 295.
19. Gordon, J.R., Pruchno, R.A., Wilson-Genderson, M., Murphy, W.M., Rose, M. (2012), Balancing caregiving and work: Role conflict and role strain dynamics. Journal of Family Issues, 33(5), 662-689.
20. Gould-Williams, J. (2003), The importance of HR practices and workplace trust in achieving superior performance: A study of public-sector organizations. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 14(1), 28-54.
21. Grant, A.M., Christianson, M.K., Price, R.H. (2007), Happiness, health, or relationships? Managerial practices and employee well-being tradeoffs. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 21(3), 51-63.
22. Hobfoll, S.E. (1989), Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513.
23. Hobfoll, S.E. (2001), The influence of culture, community, and the nestedself in the stress process: Advancing conservation of resources theory. Applied Psychology, 50(3), 337-421.
24. Hobfoll, S.E., Shirom, A. (2001), Conservation of resources theory: Applications to stress and management in the workplace. In: Golembiewski, R., editor. Handbook of Organizational Behavior. New York: Dekker.
25. Howard, A. (1995), A framework for work change. The Changing Nature of Work. New York: Springer. p3-44.
26. Hussain, S.T., Lei, S. (2015), Role stressors and job satisfaction in the banking industry: The mediating role of job stress. International Business Research, 8(9), 105.
27. Igbaria, M., Greenhaus, J.H. (1992), Determinants of MIS employees’ turnover intentions: A structural equation model. Communications of the ACM, 35(2), 34-49.
28. Kahn, R.L., Wolfe, D.M., Quinn, R.P., Snoek, J.D., Rosenthal, R.A. (1964), Organizational Stress: Studies in Role Conflict and Ambiguity. New York: Wiley.
29. Kaplan, S., Bradley-Geist, J.C., Ahmad, A., Anderson, A., Hargrove, A.K., Lindsey, A. (2014), A test of two positive psychology interventions to increase employee well-being. Journal of Business and Psychology, 29(3), 367-380.
30. Larson, L.L. (2004), Internal auditors and job stress. Managerial Auditing Journal, 19(9), 1119-1130.
31. Malaysian Employers Federation. (2012), MEF Salary Survey for Non-executives. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Malaysian Employers Federation.
32. Macdonald, S., Maclntyre, P. (1997), The generic job satisfaction scale: Scale development and its correlates. Employee Assistance Quarterly, 13(2), 1-16.
33. McGuire, D., McLaren, L. (2009), The impact of physical environment on employee commitment in call centres: The mediating role of employee well-being. Team Performance Management: An International Journal, 15(1-2), 35-48.
34. Memili, E., Chang, E.P., Kellermanns, F.W., Welsh, D.H. (2015), Role conflicts of family members in family firms. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 24(1), 143-151.
35. Nasyira, M., Othman, M., Ghazali, H. (2014), Predictors of intention to stay for employees of casual dining restaurant in Klang Valley area. International Food Research Journal, 21(3), 863-871.
36. Paoli, P., Merllié, D. (2000), Ten years of working conditions in the European Union. Paper Presented at the TUTB-SALTSAConference, Brussels.
37. Ramlan, J., Ahmed, E.M., Pointon, L. (2007), ICT, human capital and TFP in Malaysia: A statistical approach. The Journal of Knowledge Economy & Knowledge Management, 2(2), 1-17.
38. Ramsay, H., Scholarios, D., Harley, B. (2000), Employees and highperformance work systems: Testing inside the black box. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 38(4), 501-531.
39. Rizzo, J.R., House, R.J., Lirtzman, S.I. (1970), Role conflict and ambiguity in complex organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 15(2), 150-163.
40. Rosch, P.J. (2001), The quandary of job stress compensation. Health and Stress, 3, 1-4.
41. Rucker, D.D., Preacher, K.J., Tormala, Z.L., Petty, R.E. (2011), Mediation analysis in social psychology: Current practices and new recommendations. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5(6), 359-371.
42. Schmidt, S., Roesler, U., Kusserow, T., Rau, R. (2014), Uncertainty in the workplace: Examining role ambiguity and role conflict, and their link to depression - A meta-analysis. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 23(1), 91-106.
43. Schultz, P.P., Ryan, R.M., Niemiec, C.P., Legate, N., Williams, G.C. (2014), Mindfulness, work climate, and psychological need satisfaction in employee well-being. Mindfulness, 6(5), 1-15.
44. Siu, O. (2002), Occupational stressors and well-being among Chinese employees: The role of organisational commitment. Applied Psychology, 51(4), 527-544.
45. Tubre, T.C., Collins, J.M. (2000), Jackson and schuler (1985) revisited: A meta-analysis of the relationships between role ambiguity, role conflict, and job performance. Journal of Management, 26(1), 155-169.
46. Tzafrir, S.S. (2005), The relationship between trust, HRM practices and firm performance. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16(9), 1600-1622.
47. Van der Vaart, L., Linde, B., Cockeran, M. (2013), The state of the psychological contract and employees’ intention to leave: The mediating role of employee well-being. South African Journal of Psychology, 43(3), 356-369.
48. Vander Elst, T., Van den Broeck, A., De Cuyper, N., De Witte, H. (2014), On the reciprocal relationship between job insecurity and employee well-being: Mediation by perceived control? Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 87(4), 671-693.
49. Vanhala, S., Tuomi, K. (2003), Individual, organizational and work-related determinants of employee well-being. EBS Review, 17, 70-81.
50. Warr, P. (1987), Work, Unemployment, and Mental Health. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
51. Whitener, E.M. (2001), Do high commitment human resource practices affect employee commitment? A cross-level analysis using hierarchical linear modeling. Journal of Management, 27(5), 515-535.
52. Wright, T.A. (2006), To be or not to be [Happy]: The role of employee well-being. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 20(3), 118-120.
53. Wright, T.A., Bonett, D.G. (1992), The effect of turnover on work satisfaction and mental health: Support for a situational perspective. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13(6), 603-616.