Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Nazianzuslu Grigorios'un Vaftiz Teolojisinde Kutsal Ruh ile İnsanın Mükemmelleşmesi Arasındaki İlişki: Hıristiyan Arap Literatürü Bağlamında Bir İnceleme

Year 2018, Issue: 39, 55 - 88, 30.03.2018
https://doi.org/10.26570/isad.409836

Abstract

Nazianzuslu Grigorios (329-390 (?)) hıristiyan inanç esaslarının formüle edilmesinde ve hıristiyan teolojisinin gelişiminde etkili olmuş kilise babalarından biridir. Grigorios aynı zamanda hıristiyan asketik yaşam düşüncesinin teorisyenlerinden ve uygulayıcılarındandır. İlaveten o Hıristiyan eğitimi ve kültürü üzerine fikir beyan eden ve bu alanlarda aktif rol alan bir geç antikite yazarıdır. Ancak İncilci Yuhanna’dan sonra Teolog ünvanı ile anılmayı hak eden ikinci kişi olmasında önemli bir rol oynayan Teolojik Vaazlar’ına ve Konstantinopolis başpiskoposluğu sırasında özellikle Aryüsçüler karşısında gösterdiği tüm çabalara rağmen Grigorios, batı Hıristiyan dünyasınca, sadece Bizans edebiyat geleneğine ait bir figür olarak görülüp ihmal edilmiştir. Bu noktada X. yüzyıl Antakya Melkit kilisesinde Grigorios’u Melkit cemaate Arapça ile tanıtma ya da hatırlatma ihtiyacının ortaya çıkması dikkat çekicidir. Melkit kilisesine mensup Arapça konuşan Bizanslı Hıristiyan tercümanlar tarafından Grekçe’den Arapça’ya çevrilmek üzere seçilen eserlerin ortak yanı ahlaki ve entelektüel içerikli olmalarıdır. Bu eserlerde yansıtılan ahlak ve bilgi merkezli insanın mükemmelleşmesi ve kurtuluşu vurgusunda akla ve ruha (ve kalbe) aynı anda dikkat çekilmesi önemlidir. Theosis ya da kemale erme doktrininin fikir babası olan Grigorios Kutsal Ruh’u hem akıl hem ruh için yönlendirici hatta tecrübe edilebilir bir unsur olarak sunmaktadır. Bu makalede Grigorios’un vaazlarının –özellikle Vaftiz Üzerine isimli vaazının- Arapça tercümelerinin insanın mükemmelleşmesi yolunda Kutsal Ruh’a biçtiği rol Hıristiyan Arap teolojisi ve literatürü ile bağlantılı olarak ele alınmaktadır.

References

  • Bahkou, Abjar, “Kitāb al-kāfī fī al-ma'nā al-ṣāfī (The Complete Book of the Proper Mean-ing): The Christian Apology of Gerasimus”, Parole de l’Orient, 34 (2009): 309-343.
  • Barth, Karl, Church Dogmatics, I/I, ed. G.W. Bromiley and T.F. Torrance, Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1975.
  • Beaumont, Mark I., Christology in Dialogue with Muslims: A Critical Analysis of Christian Presentations of Christ for Muslims from the Ninth and Twenties Centuries, Cumbria: Paternoster, 2005.
  • Beeley, Christopher A., Gregory of Nazianzus on the Trinity and the Knowledge of God: In Your Light We See Light, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
  • Blau, Joshua, A Handbook of Early Middle Arabic, Jerusalem: Max Schloessinger Memorial Foundation, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2002.
  • Brock, Sebastian P., “A Short Melkite Baptismal Service in Syriac”, Parole de l’Orient 3, (1972): 119-130.
  • Brock, Sebastian P., The Holy Spirit in the Syrian Baptismal Tradition, Bronx, N.Y.: Ford-ham University, 1979.
  • Cheikho, Louis, ed., Vingt traités théologiques d'auteurs arabes chrétiens (ixe-xiiie siècles), Beirut, 1920.
  • Daley, Brian, Gregory of Nazianzus, London and New York: Routledge, 2006.
  • Eutychius of Alexandria, The Book of the Demonstration (Kitāb al-burhān), I, ed. Pierre, Louvain: Secretariat du CorpusSCO, 1960.
  • Eutychius of Alexandria, The Book of the Demonstration (Kitāb al-burhān), I-II, trans. William M. Watt, Louvain: Secretariat du CorpusSCO, 1960-1961.
  • Al-Fārābī, Abū Naṣr, Ārāʼ ahl al-madīna al-fāḍila, ed. Ali Boumelhem, Beirut: Dār wa-Maktabat l-Hilāl, 1995.
  • Faultless, Julian, “Ibn al-Ṭayyib”, Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History. Volume 2 (900-1050), ed. David R. Thomas et al., 665-697, Leiden: Brill, 2010.
  • Grand’Henry, Jacques, ed., “La version arabe du discours 24 de Grégoire de Nazianze: Édi-tion critique, commentaires et traduction”, Corpus Christianorum Series Graeca 20, Corpus Nazianzenum 1, ed. Bernard Coulie, 197-291, Turnhout: Brepols, 1988.
  • Grand’Henry, Jacques, ed., Sancti Gregorii Nazianzeni Opera: versio arabica antiqua I: Ora-tio XXI (Arab. 20), Corpus Christianorum Series Graeca 34, Corpus Nazianzenum 4, Turnhout: Brepols, 1996.
  • Grand’Henry, Jacques, ed., Sancti Gregorii Nazianzeni Opera: versio arabica antiqua IV: Orationes XI, XLI (arab. 8, 12), Corpus Christianorum Series Graeca 85, Corpus Christianorum 27, Turnhout: Brepols, 2013.
  • Grégoire de Nazianze, Discours 27-31 (Sources Chrétiennes 250), ed. Paul Gallay and Mau-rice Jourjon, Paris: Les Éditions du Cerf, 1978.
  • Griffith, Sidney H., “The Qur’an in Arab Christian Texts: The Development of an Apologeti-cal Argument: Abu Qurrah in the Maglis of Al-Ma’mun”, Parole de l’Orient, 24 (1999): 203-233.
  • Griffith, Sidney H., “‘Melkites’, ‘Jacobites’ and the Christological Controversies in Arabic in the Third/Ninth-Century Syria”, Syrian Christians under Islam, ed. David R. Thomas, 9-55, Leiden: Brill, 2001.
  • Griffith, Sidney H., The Beginnings of Christian Theology in Arabic: Muslim-Christian En-counters in the Early Islamic Period, Variorum Collected Studies Series, Aldershot: Ashgate, 2002.
  • Griffith, Sidney H., The Church in the Shadow of the Mosque: Christians and Muslims in the World of Islam, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008.
  • Haddad, Rachid, La Trinité divine chez les théologiens arabes: 750-1050, Paris: Beauchesne, 1985.
  • Haelewyck, Jean-Claude, ed., Sancti Gregorii Nazianzeni Opera: versio syriaca I, Oratio XL, Corpus Christianorum Series Graeca 49 (CN 14), Turnhout: Brepols, 2001.
  • Husseini, Sara Leila, Early Christian Explanations of the Trinity in Arabic in the Context of Muslim Theology (PhD Dissertation), Birmingham University, 2011.
  • Keating, Sandra Tonies, Defending the “People of Truth” in the Early Islamic Period: The Christian Apologies of Abū Rā’iṭah, Leiden: Brill, 2006.
  • Kelly, J. N. D., Early Christian Doctrines, London: Adam & Charles Black, 1977.
  • Khoury, Paul, ed., Paul d’Antioche: Évêque melkite de Sidon (XIIe S.); introduction, édition critique, traduction, Beirut: Eds. Les lettres orientales, 1964.
  • Leemans, Johan, “‘God Became Human, in Order That Humans Might Become God’: A Reflection on the Soteriological Doctrine of Divinity”, The Myriad Christ, ed. J. Haers and T. Merrigan, 207-216, Leuven: Peeters, 2000.
  • Louth, Andrew, St. John Damascene: Tradition and Originality in Byzantine Theology, Ox-ford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
  • Migne, Jean-Paul, Patrologiae Graecae, XXXV-XXXVI, 1857-1858.
  • Moosa, Ebrahim, Ghazālī and the Poetics of Imagination, Chapel Hill, North Carolina and London: University of North Carolina Press, 2005.
  • Platti, Emilio, “Yaḥyā ibn ‘Adī”, Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History. Volume 2 (900-1050), ed. David R. Thomas et al., 390-438, Leiden: Brill, 2010.
  • Plested, Marcus, “The Ascetic Tradition”, The Oxford Handbook of Maximus the Confessor, ed. Pauline Allen and Bronwen Neil, 164-176, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.
  • Pseudo-Dionysius, “The Celestial Hierarchy”, Pseudo-Dionysius: The Complete Works, trans. Colm Luibheid et al., New Jersey: Paulist Press, 1987.
  • Rached, Rita, “Les notions de rûẖ (esprit) et de nafs (âme) chez ‘Abd Allâh ibn al-Faḏl al-H̱akîm al-Anṯâkî, Théologien melchite du XIe siècle”, L'Orient chrétien dans l'empire musulman: Hommage au professeur Gérard Troupeau: Suite au colloque organisé les 15 et 16 Octobre 2004 par le CRITIC (Centre de recherches sur les idées et les trans-ferts inter culturels) à l'Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3 en collaboration avec l'Institut catholique de Toulouse, ed. G. Gobillot et al., 165-197, Paris: Éditions de Paris, 2005.
  • Rizvi, Sajjad H., “Philosophy as a Way of Life in the World of Islam: Applying Hadot to the Study of Mullā Ṣadrā Shīrāzī (d. 1635)”, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and Afri-can Studies (2012): 33-45.
  • Rizvi, Sajjad H., “Mysticism and Philosophy: Ibn ‘Arabī and Mullā Ṣadrā”, The Cambridge Companion to Arabic Philosophy, ed. Richard C. Taylor and Peter Adamson, 224-246, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
  • Roggema, Barbara, The Legend of Sergius Baḥīrā: Eastern Christian Apologetics and Apoca-lyptic in Response to Islam, Leiden: Brill, 2009.
  • Roggema, Barbara, “Ḥikāyāt amthāl wa asmār: King Parables in Melkite Apologetic Literature” Studies on the Christian Arabic Heritage: In Honour of Father Prof. Dr. Samir K. Samir S. I. At the Occasion of His Sixty-Fifth Birthday, ed. R.Y. Ebied and Herman Teule, 113-131, Leuven: Peeters, 2004.
  • Sala, Juan Pedro Monferrer, “Elias of Nisibis”, Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliograph-ical History. Volume 2 (900-1050), ed. David R. Thomas et al., 726-741, Leiden: Brill, 2010.
  • Samir, Samir Khalil, “Maqālah ‘fī l-ājāl’ li Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq”, al-Machriq 65 (1991): 403-25.
  • Samir, Samir Khalil, “The Earliest Arab Apology for Christianity”, Christian Arabic Apolo-getics During the Abbasid Period, 750-1258, ed. Samir K. Samir and Jorgen S. Niel-sen, 57-114, Leiden: Brill, 1994.
  • Swanson, Mark N., “Folly to the Ḥunafā’: The Crucifixion in Early Christian-Muslim Con-troversy”, The Encounter of Eastern Christianity with Early Islam, ed. Mark N. Swan-son et al., 237-256, Leiden: Brill, 2006.
  • Thomas, David R., Early Muslim Polemics Against Christianity: Abū ‘Īsā al-Warrāq’s ‘Aga-inst the Incarnation’, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
  • Treiger, Alexander, “‘Abdallāh ibn al-Faḍl al-Anṭākī”, Christian-Muslim Relations. A Biblio-graphical History. Volume 3 (1050-1200), ed. David R. Thomas et al., 89-113, Lei-den: Brill, 2011.
  • Treiger, Alexander, Inspired Knowledge in Islamic Thought: Al-Ghazālī’s Theory of Mystical Cognition and Its Avicennian Foundation, London: Routledge, 2012.
  • Tuerlinckx, Laurence, “‘Sur l’heure de la mort et la sortie de l’âme du corps’, apocryphe arabe attribué à Grégoire de Nazianze,” CCSG 41, CN 8, ed. B. Coulie, Turnhout: Brepols, 2000.
  • Tuerlinckx, Laurence, ed., Sancti Gregorii Nazianzeni Opera: versio arabica antiqua II: Ora-tiones I, XLV, XLIV (Arab. 9, 10, 11), Corpus Christianorum Series Graeca 43, Corpus Nazianzenum 10, Turnhout: Brepols, 2001.
  • Versteegh, Kees, “Review of ‘A Greek and Arabic Lexicon (GALex): Materials for a Dictionary of the Medieval Translations from Greek into Arabic’”, Journal of the American Oriental Society, 118/1 (1998): 108-109.

The Relationship Between the Holy Spirit and Human Perfection in the Baptismal Theology of Gregory of Nazianzus: Examined with Reference to Christian Arabic Literature

Year 2018, Issue: 39, 55 - 88, 30.03.2018
https://doi.org/10.26570/isad.409836

Abstract

Gregory of Nazianzus (ca. 329-390) is one of the church fathers who played a significant role in the formulation of the Christian faith and the development of Christian theology. He was also one of the theoreticians and practitioners of Christian ascetic life. He was a Late Antique writer who not only expressed his views on Christian education and culture but also took active part in matters relating to these areas. It is possible to say that despite his Theological Orations by which he became the second person after John the Evangelist who was given the title “Theologian” and his active role especially against the Arians during his archbishopric of Constantinople, Gregory has been neglected and seen by Western Christianity only as a Byzantine literary figure. It is interesting to learn that in the 10th century Antiochene Melkite Church, a need arose to introduce or remind the Melkite community of Gregory in Arabic. The texts chosen by the Arabic speaking translators of the Melkite Church to be translated from Greek into Arabic were mainly ethical and intellectual in character. It is important to note that intellect and spirit (and heart) are given equal attention in the emphasis of these texts on human perfection and salvation. As the father of the doctrine of theosis or human perfection, Gregory teaches that the Holy Spirit is the power that leads and even unites with both intellect and spirit. This paper examines the role attributed to the Holy Spirit by the Arabic translations of Gregory’s orations –particularly his Oration on Baptism – on human perfection in the context of Christian Arabic theology and literature.

References

  • Bahkou, Abjar, “Kitāb al-kāfī fī al-ma'nā al-ṣāfī (The Complete Book of the Proper Mean-ing): The Christian Apology of Gerasimus”, Parole de l’Orient, 34 (2009): 309-343.
  • Barth, Karl, Church Dogmatics, I/I, ed. G.W. Bromiley and T.F. Torrance, Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1975.
  • Beaumont, Mark I., Christology in Dialogue with Muslims: A Critical Analysis of Christian Presentations of Christ for Muslims from the Ninth and Twenties Centuries, Cumbria: Paternoster, 2005.
  • Beeley, Christopher A., Gregory of Nazianzus on the Trinity and the Knowledge of God: In Your Light We See Light, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
  • Blau, Joshua, A Handbook of Early Middle Arabic, Jerusalem: Max Schloessinger Memorial Foundation, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2002.
  • Brock, Sebastian P., “A Short Melkite Baptismal Service in Syriac”, Parole de l’Orient 3, (1972): 119-130.
  • Brock, Sebastian P., The Holy Spirit in the Syrian Baptismal Tradition, Bronx, N.Y.: Ford-ham University, 1979.
  • Cheikho, Louis, ed., Vingt traités théologiques d'auteurs arabes chrétiens (ixe-xiiie siècles), Beirut, 1920.
  • Daley, Brian, Gregory of Nazianzus, London and New York: Routledge, 2006.
  • Eutychius of Alexandria, The Book of the Demonstration (Kitāb al-burhān), I, ed. Pierre, Louvain: Secretariat du CorpusSCO, 1960.
  • Eutychius of Alexandria, The Book of the Demonstration (Kitāb al-burhān), I-II, trans. William M. Watt, Louvain: Secretariat du CorpusSCO, 1960-1961.
  • Al-Fārābī, Abū Naṣr, Ārāʼ ahl al-madīna al-fāḍila, ed. Ali Boumelhem, Beirut: Dār wa-Maktabat l-Hilāl, 1995.
  • Faultless, Julian, “Ibn al-Ṭayyib”, Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History. Volume 2 (900-1050), ed. David R. Thomas et al., 665-697, Leiden: Brill, 2010.
  • Grand’Henry, Jacques, ed., “La version arabe du discours 24 de Grégoire de Nazianze: Édi-tion critique, commentaires et traduction”, Corpus Christianorum Series Graeca 20, Corpus Nazianzenum 1, ed. Bernard Coulie, 197-291, Turnhout: Brepols, 1988.
  • Grand’Henry, Jacques, ed., Sancti Gregorii Nazianzeni Opera: versio arabica antiqua I: Ora-tio XXI (Arab. 20), Corpus Christianorum Series Graeca 34, Corpus Nazianzenum 4, Turnhout: Brepols, 1996.
  • Grand’Henry, Jacques, ed., Sancti Gregorii Nazianzeni Opera: versio arabica antiqua IV: Orationes XI, XLI (arab. 8, 12), Corpus Christianorum Series Graeca 85, Corpus Christianorum 27, Turnhout: Brepols, 2013.
  • Grégoire de Nazianze, Discours 27-31 (Sources Chrétiennes 250), ed. Paul Gallay and Mau-rice Jourjon, Paris: Les Éditions du Cerf, 1978.
  • Griffith, Sidney H., “The Qur’an in Arab Christian Texts: The Development of an Apologeti-cal Argument: Abu Qurrah in the Maglis of Al-Ma’mun”, Parole de l’Orient, 24 (1999): 203-233.
  • Griffith, Sidney H., “‘Melkites’, ‘Jacobites’ and the Christological Controversies in Arabic in the Third/Ninth-Century Syria”, Syrian Christians under Islam, ed. David R. Thomas, 9-55, Leiden: Brill, 2001.
  • Griffith, Sidney H., The Beginnings of Christian Theology in Arabic: Muslim-Christian En-counters in the Early Islamic Period, Variorum Collected Studies Series, Aldershot: Ashgate, 2002.
  • Griffith, Sidney H., The Church in the Shadow of the Mosque: Christians and Muslims in the World of Islam, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008.
  • Haddad, Rachid, La Trinité divine chez les théologiens arabes: 750-1050, Paris: Beauchesne, 1985.
  • Haelewyck, Jean-Claude, ed., Sancti Gregorii Nazianzeni Opera: versio syriaca I, Oratio XL, Corpus Christianorum Series Graeca 49 (CN 14), Turnhout: Brepols, 2001.
  • Husseini, Sara Leila, Early Christian Explanations of the Trinity in Arabic in the Context of Muslim Theology (PhD Dissertation), Birmingham University, 2011.
  • Keating, Sandra Tonies, Defending the “People of Truth” in the Early Islamic Period: The Christian Apologies of Abū Rā’iṭah, Leiden: Brill, 2006.
  • Kelly, J. N. D., Early Christian Doctrines, London: Adam & Charles Black, 1977.
  • Khoury, Paul, ed., Paul d’Antioche: Évêque melkite de Sidon (XIIe S.); introduction, édition critique, traduction, Beirut: Eds. Les lettres orientales, 1964.
  • Leemans, Johan, “‘God Became Human, in Order That Humans Might Become God’: A Reflection on the Soteriological Doctrine of Divinity”, The Myriad Christ, ed. J. Haers and T. Merrigan, 207-216, Leuven: Peeters, 2000.
  • Louth, Andrew, St. John Damascene: Tradition and Originality in Byzantine Theology, Ox-ford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
  • Migne, Jean-Paul, Patrologiae Graecae, XXXV-XXXVI, 1857-1858.
  • Moosa, Ebrahim, Ghazālī and the Poetics of Imagination, Chapel Hill, North Carolina and London: University of North Carolina Press, 2005.
  • Platti, Emilio, “Yaḥyā ibn ‘Adī”, Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History. Volume 2 (900-1050), ed. David R. Thomas et al., 390-438, Leiden: Brill, 2010.
  • Plested, Marcus, “The Ascetic Tradition”, The Oxford Handbook of Maximus the Confessor, ed. Pauline Allen and Bronwen Neil, 164-176, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.
  • Pseudo-Dionysius, “The Celestial Hierarchy”, Pseudo-Dionysius: The Complete Works, trans. Colm Luibheid et al., New Jersey: Paulist Press, 1987.
  • Rached, Rita, “Les notions de rûẖ (esprit) et de nafs (âme) chez ‘Abd Allâh ibn al-Faḏl al-H̱akîm al-Anṯâkî, Théologien melchite du XIe siècle”, L'Orient chrétien dans l'empire musulman: Hommage au professeur Gérard Troupeau: Suite au colloque organisé les 15 et 16 Octobre 2004 par le CRITIC (Centre de recherches sur les idées et les trans-ferts inter culturels) à l'Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3 en collaboration avec l'Institut catholique de Toulouse, ed. G. Gobillot et al., 165-197, Paris: Éditions de Paris, 2005.
  • Rizvi, Sajjad H., “Philosophy as a Way of Life in the World of Islam: Applying Hadot to the Study of Mullā Ṣadrā Shīrāzī (d. 1635)”, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and Afri-can Studies (2012): 33-45.
  • Rizvi, Sajjad H., “Mysticism and Philosophy: Ibn ‘Arabī and Mullā Ṣadrā”, The Cambridge Companion to Arabic Philosophy, ed. Richard C. Taylor and Peter Adamson, 224-246, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
  • Roggema, Barbara, The Legend of Sergius Baḥīrā: Eastern Christian Apologetics and Apoca-lyptic in Response to Islam, Leiden: Brill, 2009.
  • Roggema, Barbara, “Ḥikāyāt amthāl wa asmār: King Parables in Melkite Apologetic Literature” Studies on the Christian Arabic Heritage: In Honour of Father Prof. Dr. Samir K. Samir S. I. At the Occasion of His Sixty-Fifth Birthday, ed. R.Y. Ebied and Herman Teule, 113-131, Leuven: Peeters, 2004.
  • Sala, Juan Pedro Monferrer, “Elias of Nisibis”, Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliograph-ical History. Volume 2 (900-1050), ed. David R. Thomas et al., 726-741, Leiden: Brill, 2010.
  • Samir, Samir Khalil, “Maqālah ‘fī l-ājāl’ li Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq”, al-Machriq 65 (1991): 403-25.
  • Samir, Samir Khalil, “The Earliest Arab Apology for Christianity”, Christian Arabic Apolo-getics During the Abbasid Period, 750-1258, ed. Samir K. Samir and Jorgen S. Niel-sen, 57-114, Leiden: Brill, 1994.
  • Swanson, Mark N., “Folly to the Ḥunafā’: The Crucifixion in Early Christian-Muslim Con-troversy”, The Encounter of Eastern Christianity with Early Islam, ed. Mark N. Swan-son et al., 237-256, Leiden: Brill, 2006.
  • Thomas, David R., Early Muslim Polemics Against Christianity: Abū ‘Īsā al-Warrāq’s ‘Aga-inst the Incarnation’, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
  • Treiger, Alexander, “‘Abdallāh ibn al-Faḍl al-Anṭākī”, Christian-Muslim Relations. A Biblio-graphical History. Volume 3 (1050-1200), ed. David R. Thomas et al., 89-113, Lei-den: Brill, 2011.
  • Treiger, Alexander, Inspired Knowledge in Islamic Thought: Al-Ghazālī’s Theory of Mystical Cognition and Its Avicennian Foundation, London: Routledge, 2012.
  • Tuerlinckx, Laurence, “‘Sur l’heure de la mort et la sortie de l’âme du corps’, apocryphe arabe attribué à Grégoire de Nazianze,” CCSG 41, CN 8, ed. B. Coulie, Turnhout: Brepols, 2000.
  • Tuerlinckx, Laurence, ed., Sancti Gregorii Nazianzeni Opera: versio arabica antiqua II: Ora-tiones I, XLV, XLIV (Arab. 9, 10, 11), Corpus Christianorum Series Graeca 43, Corpus Nazianzenum 10, Turnhout: Brepols, 2001.
  • Versteegh, Kees, “Review of ‘A Greek and Arabic Lexicon (GALex): Materials for a Dictionary of the Medieval Translations from Greek into Arabic’”, Journal of the American Oriental Society, 118/1 (1998): 108-109.
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Religious Studies
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Elif Tokay 0000-0001-7681-229X

Publication Date March 30, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Issue: 39

Cite

APA Tokay, E. (2018). The Relationship Between the Holy Spirit and Human Perfection in the Baptismal Theology of Gregory of Nazianzus: Examined with Reference to Christian Arabic Literature. İslam Araştırmaları Dergisi(39), 55-88. https://doi.org/10.26570/isad.409836
AMA Tokay E. The Relationship Between the Holy Spirit and Human Perfection in the Baptismal Theology of Gregory of Nazianzus: Examined with Reference to Christian Arabic Literature. isad. March 2018;(39):55-88. doi:10.26570/isad.409836
Chicago Tokay, Elif. “The Relationship Between the Holy Spirit and Human Perfection in the Baptismal Theology of Gregory of Nazianzus: Examined With Reference to Christian Arabic Literature”. İslam Araştırmaları Dergisi, no. 39 (March 2018): 55-88. https://doi.org/10.26570/isad.409836.
EndNote Tokay E (March 1, 2018) The Relationship Between the Holy Spirit and Human Perfection in the Baptismal Theology of Gregory of Nazianzus: Examined with Reference to Christian Arabic Literature. İslam Araştırmaları Dergisi 39 55–88.
IEEE E. Tokay, “The Relationship Between the Holy Spirit and Human Perfection in the Baptismal Theology of Gregory of Nazianzus: Examined with Reference to Christian Arabic Literature”, isad, no. 39, pp. 55–88, March 2018, doi: 10.26570/isad.409836.
ISNAD Tokay, Elif. “The Relationship Between the Holy Spirit and Human Perfection in the Baptismal Theology of Gregory of Nazianzus: Examined With Reference to Christian Arabic Literature”. İslam Araştırmaları Dergisi 39 (March 2018), 55-88. https://doi.org/10.26570/isad.409836.
JAMA Tokay E. The Relationship Between the Holy Spirit and Human Perfection in the Baptismal Theology of Gregory of Nazianzus: Examined with Reference to Christian Arabic Literature. isad. 2018;:55–88.
MLA Tokay, Elif. “The Relationship Between the Holy Spirit and Human Perfection in the Baptismal Theology of Gregory of Nazianzus: Examined With Reference to Christian Arabic Literature”. İslam Araştırmaları Dergisi, no. 39, 2018, pp. 55-88, doi:10.26570/isad.409836.
Vancouver Tokay E. The Relationship Between the Holy Spirit and Human Perfection in the Baptismal Theology of Gregory of Nazianzus: Examined with Reference to Christian Arabic Literature. isad. 2018(39):55-88.