Nazianzuslu Grigorios'un Vaftiz Teolojisinde Kutsal Ruh ile İnsanın Mükemmelleşmesi Arasındaki İlişki: Hıristiyan Arap Literatürü Bağlamında Bir İnceleme

Year 2018, Issue: 39, 55 - 88, 30.03.2018

Elif Tokay

https://doi.org/10.26570/isad.409836

Abstract

Nazianzuslu Grigorios (329-390 (?)) hıristiyan inanç esaslarının formüle edilmesinde ve hıristiyan teolojisinin gelişiminde etkili olmuş kilise babalarından biridir. Grigorios aynı zamanda hıristiyan asketik yaşam düşüncesinin teorisyenlerinden ve uygulayıcılarındandır. İlaveten o Hıristiyan eğitimi ve kültürü üzerine fikir beyan eden ve bu alanlarda aktif rol alan bir geç antikite yazarıdır. Ancak İncilci Yuhanna’dan sonra Teolog ünvanı ile anılmayı hak eden ikinci kişi olmasında önemli bir rol oynayan Teolojik Vaazlar’ına ve Konstantinopolis başpiskoposluğu sırasında özellikle Aryüsçüler karşısında gösterdiği tüm çabalara rağmen Grigorios, batı Hıristiyan dünyasınca, sadece Bizans edebiyat geleneğine ait bir figür olarak görülüp ihmal edilmiştir. Bu noktada X. yüzyıl Antakya Melkit kilisesinde Grigorios’u Melkit cemaate Arapça ile tanıtma ya da hatırlatma ihtiyacının ortaya çıkması dikkat çekicidir. Melkit kilisesine mensup Arapça konuşan Bizanslı Hıristiyan tercümanlar tarafından Grekçe’den Arapça’ya çevrilmek üzere seçilen eserlerin ortak yanı ahlaki ve entelektüel içerikli olmalarıdır. Bu eserlerde yansıtılan ahlak ve bilgi merkezli insanın mükemmelleşmesi ve kurtuluşu vurgusunda akla ve ruha (ve kalbe) aynı anda dikkat çekilmesi önemlidir. Theosis ya da kemale erme doktrininin fikir babası olan Grigorios Kutsal Ruh’u hem akıl hem ruh için yönlendirici hatta tecrübe edilebilir bir unsur olarak sunmaktadır. Bu makalede Grigorios’un vaazlarının –özellikle Vaftiz Üzerine isimli vaazının- Arapça tercümelerinin insanın mükemmelleşmesi yolunda Kutsal Ruh’a biçtiği rol Hıristiyan Arap teolojisi ve literatürü ile bağlantılı olarak ele alınmaktadır.

Keywords

Nazianzuslu Grigorios, Antakya Süryani kilisesi, theosis, kutsal ruh

The Relationship Between the Holy Spirit and Human Perfection in the Baptismal Theology of Gregory of Nazianzus: Examined with Reference to Christian Arabic Literature

Abstract

Gregory of Nazianzus (ca. 329-390) is one of the church fathers who played a significant role in the formulation of the Christian faith and the development of Christian theology. He was also one of the theoreticians and practitioners of Christian ascetic life. He was a Late Antique writer who not only expressed his views on Christian education and culture but also took active part in matters relating to these areas. It is possible to say that despite his Theological Orations by which he became the second person after John the Evangelist who was given the title “Theologian” and his active role especially against the Arians during his archbishopric of Constantinople, Gregory has been neglected and seen by Western Christianity only as a Byzantine literary figure. It is interesting to learn that in the 10th century Antiochene Melkite Church, a need arose to introduce or remind the Melkite community of Gregory in Arabic. The texts chosen by the Arabic speaking translators of the Melkite Church to be translated from Greek into Arabic were mainly ethical and intellectual in character. It is important to note that intellect and spirit (and heart) are given equal attention in the emphasis of these texts on human perfection and salvation. As the father of the doctrine of theosis or human perfection, Gregory teaches that the Holy Spirit is the power that leads and even unites with both intellect and spirit. This paper examines the role attributed to the Holy Spirit by the Arabic translations of Gregory’s orations –particularly his Oration on Baptism – on human perfection in the context of Christian Arabic theology and literature.

Keywords

Gregory of Nazianzus, theosis, the Holy Spirit, the Antiochene Melkite Church

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