Kültürel Zekâ ve Öz-Yeterliliğin Görev Performansı ve Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı Üzerinde Etkisi: Çokuluslu Örgüt Üzerinde Bir Uygulama

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı; kültürel zekânın, öz-yeterlilik, görev performansı ve örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı ile ilişkisini Türkiye’nin de bulunduğu çokuluslu ve çok kültürlü bir örgüt çalışanları üzerinde araştırmaktır. Araştırmanın örneklemini, çokuluslu bir ortamda görev yapan 9 ülkeye mensup 121 katılımcıdan oluşmaktadır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, kültürel zekâ ile öz-yeterliliğin gerek görev performansını gerekse örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışını olumlu yönde etkilediği bulunmuştur. Bu araştırma sonucunda, görev performansı ve örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı üzerinde kültürel zekâ ile öz-yeterliliğin ortak (etkileşimsel) etkisinin varlığı bulunmamıştır. Sonuç olarak, genel performansın anlaşılması açısından hem kültürel zekânın hem de öz-yeterliliğin dikkate alınması gereği vurgulanmaktadır.

Keywords

• Kültürel Zekâ, Öz-yeterlilik, Görev Performansı, Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı, Çokuluslu Örgütler

The Effect Of Cultural Intelligence And Self-Efficacy On Task Performance And Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Study In A Multinational Organization

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of cultural intelligence and general self-efficacy on task performance and organizational citizenship behavior in a sample of personnel from a multinational and multicultural organization including Turkey. The sample consisted of 121 respondents from a multinational organization who represented 9 nationalities. The analysis revealed that cultural intelligence and general self-efficacy predicted task performance and organizational citizenship behavior. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses clearly indicated that there was no interaction effects of cultural intelligence and general self-efficacy on the outcomes. As a result, a need is emphasized to consider cultural intelligence and general self-efficacy to better understand general performance.

Keywords

• Cultural Intelligence, General Self-Efficacy, Task Performance, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Multinational Organizations

References

1. Aiken, L.S.-West, S.G. (1991), Multiple reg- ression: Testing and interpreting inte- ractions. Sage, Newbury Park, CA.
2. Ang, S.-Van Dyne, L. (2008), “Conceptuali- zation of cultural intelligence: Defini- tion, distinctiveness, and nomological network”. S. Ang-L. Van Dyne (Der.), Handbook of cultural intelligence: The- ory, measurement, and applications, M.E. Sharpe, Armonk, NY, s. : 3-15.
3. Ang, S.-Van Dyne, L.-Koh, C.K.S.-Ng, K.Y.- Templer, K.J.-Tay, C.-Chandrasekar, N.A. (2007), “Cultural intelligence: Its measurement and effects on cultural judgment and decision making, cultu- ral adaptation and task performance”, Management and Organization Re- view, 3(3), s. 335–371.
4. Bandura, A. (1986), Social Foundations of Thougts and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
5. Bandura, A. (1997), Self-efficacy: The exer- cise of control, W.H. Freeman, New York.
6. Bandura, A. (1999), “A social cognitive the- ory of personality”. L. Pervin-O. John (Der.), Handbook of personality, 2nd Ed. Guilford Publications, New York, s. 154-196.
7. Baron, R.M.-Kenny, D.A. (1986), “The mo- derator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Concep- tual, strategic, and statistical considera- tions”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 51, s. 1173–1182.
8. Campbell J.P. (1999), “The definition and measurement of performance in the new age”, D.R. Ilgen-E.D. Pulakos (Der.), The changing nature of perfor- mance: Implications for staffing, moti- vation, and development, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, s. 399-429.

9. Dussault, M. (2006), “Teachers' self-efficacy and organizational citizenship behavi- ors”, Psychological Reports, 98(2), s. 427-432.
10. Earley, P.C.-Ang, S. (2003), Cultural intelli- gence: Individual interactions across cultures, Stanford University Press, Pa- loAlto.
11. Frazier, P.A.-Tix, P.A.-Barron, K.E. (2004), “Testing moderator and mediator ef- fects in counseling psychology rese- arch”, Psychology, 51(1), s. 115-134. of Counseling
12. Harrison, A.W.-Rainer, R.K.-Hochwarter, W.A.-Thompson, K.R. (1997), “Testing the self-efficacy–performance linkage of social–cognitive theory”, The Journal of Social Psychology, 137, s. 79-87.
13. Judge, T.A.-Jackson, C.L.-Shaw, J.C.-Scott, B.A.-Rich, B.L. (2007), “Self-efficacy and work-related performance: The integral role of individual differences”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(1), s. 107- 127.
14. Jöreskog, K.G.-Sörbom, D. (1993), LISREL 8: User’s Reference Guide, Scientific Soft- ware International, Chicago, Ill.
15. Kozlowskı S.W.J.-Gully, S.M.-Brown, K.G.- Salas, E.-Smıth, E.M.-Nason, E.H. (2001), “Effects of training goals and goal orientation traits on multidimen- sional training outcomes and perfor- mance adaptability”, Organizational Behavior & Human Decision Processes, 85(1), s. 1-31.
16. Livermore, D. (2010), Leading with cultural intelligence: The new secret to success, American Management Association, New York.
17. Locke, E.A. (2003), “Good definitions: The epis- temological foundation of scientific prog- ress”, Greenberg (Ed.), Organizational Behavior: The State of The Science, 2nd ed, Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ, s. 415–444.
18. Mayer, J.D.-Salovey, P. (1993), “The intelli- gence of emotional intelligence”, Intel- ligence, 17, s. 433–442.
19. Oolders, T.-Chernyshenko, O.S.-Stark, S. (2008), “Cultural intelligence as a me- diator of relationships between open- ness to experience and adaptive performance”, S. Ang-L. Van Dyne (Der.), Handbook of cultural intelli- gence : Theory, measurement, and app- lications, M.E. Sharpe, Armonk, NY, s. 145-158.
20. Organ, D.W. (1988), Organizational citizens- hip behavior: The good soldier syndrome, Lexington Books, Lexington, MA.
21. Podsakoff, P.M.-Mackenzie, S.B.-Lee, J.Y.- Podsakoff, N.P. (2003), “Common met- hod biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and re- commended remedies”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, s. 879–903.
22. Schwarzer, R.-Jerusalem, M. (1995), “Gene- ralized self-efficacy scale”, J. Weinman,- S. Wright-M. Johnston (Der.), Measures in health psychology: A user’s portfo- lio. Causal and control beliefs, NFER- NELSON, Windsor, UK, s. 35-37.
23. Smith, C.A.-Organ, D.W.-Near, J.P. (1983), “Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature and antecedents”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 68, s. 653-663.
24. Solomon, C.M.-Schell, M.S. (2009), Mana- ging across cultures: The seven keys to doing business with a global mindset, McGraw-Hill, New York.
25. Stajkovic, A.D.-Luthans F. (1998), “Self-effi- cacy and work-related performance: A meta-analysis”, Psychological Bulletin, 124(2), s. 240-261.
26. Sternberg, R.J.-Detterman, D.K. (Ed.) (1986), What is intelligence? Contemporary vi- ewpoints on its nature and definition, Ablex, Norwood, NJ.
27. Sternberg, R.J.-Forsythe, G.B.-Hedlund, J.- Horvath, J.A.-Wagner, R.K.-Williams, W.M.-Snook, S.-Grigorenko, E.L. (2000), Practical intelligence in everyday life, Cambridge University Press, New York.
28. Stone-Romero, E. F.-Stone, D. L.-Hyatt, D. (2003), “Personnel selection procedures and invasion of privacy”, Journal of So- cial Issues, 59, s. 343-368.
29. Şimşek, Ö.F. (2007), Yapısal Eşitlik Modelle- mesine Giriş Temel İlkeler ve LISREL Uygulamaları, Ekinoks Yayıncılık, An- kara.
30. Templer, K.J.-Tay, C.-Chandrasekar, N.A. (2006), “Motivational cultural intelli- gence, realistic job preview, realistic li- ving cross-cultural adjustment”, Group and Organization Management, 31, s. 154– 173. preview, and
31. Thorndike, R.L.-Stein, S. (1937), “An evalua- tion of the attempts to measure social intelligence”, Psychological Bulletin, 34, s. 275–285.
32. Triandis, H.C. (2006), “Cultural intelligence in organisations”, Group & Organisati- ons Management, 31(1), s. 20-26.
33. Tsui, A.S. (1984), “A role set analysis of ma- nagerial reputation”, Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 34, s. 64–96.
34. Tsui, A.S. (1990), “A multiple-constituency model of effectiveness: An empirical examination at the human resource su- bunit level”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 35, s. 458–483.
35. Van Dyne, L.-Ang, S.-Nielsen, T.M. (2007), “Cultural intelligence”, S. Clegg-J. Bai- ley (Der.), International Encyclopedia of Organization Studies, 1, Sage, Thou- sand Oaks, CA, s. 345-350.
36. Van Dyne, L.-Ang, S.-Livermore, D. (2010), “Cultural intelligence: A pathway for leading in a rapidly globalizing World”, K. Hannum-B.B. McFeeters-L. Booysen (Der.), Leading across differences, Pfe- iffer, San Francisco, s. 131-138.
37. Ward, C.-Fischer, R. (2008), “Personality, cultural intelligence, and cross-cultural adaptation”, S. Ang-L. Van Dyne (Der.), Handbook of cultural intelligence: The- ory, measurement, and applications, M.E. Sharpe, Armonk, NY, s. 159-173.
38. Williams, L.J.-Anderson, S.E. (1991), “Job sa- tisfaction and organizational commit- ment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in-role behavior”, Jour- nal of Management, 17, s. 601–618.
39. Wood, R.-Bandura, A. (1989), “Impact of conceptions of ability on self-regulatory mechanisms and complex decision-ma- king”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, s. 407-415.
40. Yeşil, S. (2009), “Kültürel Farklılıkların Yö- netimi ve Alternatif Bir Strateji: Kültü- rel Zekâ”, KMU İBF Dergisi, Yıl:11 Sayı:16, s. 100-131.
41. Yeşil, S. (2010), “21. Yüzyılın Küresel Örgüt- leri İçin Kültürel Zekâ”, Ç.Ü. Sosyal Bi- limler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt 19, Sayı 2, s. 147-168.