İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliğinde Psikolojik Bir Yaklaşım: Atıf Kuramı

Abstract

Psikolojik kuramlar ve araştırmalar, iş sağlığı ve güvenliği alanına önemli katkı sağlamaktadır. Atıf kuramı işçilerin, yöneticilerin, uzmanların iş kazalarını hangi faktörlere atfettiklerini incelemekte kullanılmaktadır. İşçiler, yöneticiler ve uzmanlar kazalara yönelik kişisel (içsel) ve kişidışı (dışsal) nedenlere atıflar yapabilmektedir. Bu atıfları etkileyen; sebebin kalıcılığı, sebebin kontrol edilebilmesi gibi boyutlar bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca işçiler bu boyutları değerlendirerek, kaza sonrası tutum ve davranışlarını belirlemektedir. Bazı durumlarda ise, yöneticiler ve iş arkadaşları tarafından iş kazasının sorumluluğu işçinin kendisine veya durumsal faktörlere yüklenebilmektedir. Dolayısıyla, atıf kuramı işçilerin güvenlik davranışlarının anlaşılmasını sağlamaktadır.

Keywords

• Atıf kuramı, Kişisel ve Kişidışı Atıflar, Temel Atıf Hatası, Aktör-gözlemci Etkisi, Benliğe Hizmet Eden Yanlılıklar

A Psychological Approach to Occupational Health and Safety: Attribution Theory

Abstract

Psychological theories and researches have important contributions to occupational health and safety. The attribution theory is used for to investigate to which factors the occupational accidents are attributed by workers, managers and experts. Workers, managers and experts can make attributions to the individual (internal) and impersonal (external) causes. There is some dimensions that effects this attributions as causal stability and causal controllability. Evaluating these dimensions, workers determines their after accident attitude and behaviors. In some cases, responsibility of occupational accident can be ascribed to workers by their managers and co-workers. Thus, the attribution theory provides to understand the safety behaviors of workers.

Keywords

• Attribution theory, personal and impersonal attribution, fundamental attribution error, actor–observer effect, self-serving bias

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