Post – Endüstriyel Dönüşüm Sürecinde Çalışma Yaşamı Ve Kentsel Mekâna Yansımaları

Year 2011, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 0 - 7, 01.06.2011

Elif Karakurt Tosun

Abstract

Bu çalışmada 18. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren değişen üretim – tüketim ilişkileri bağlamında toplumsal yapıda tanık olunan dönüşümler incelenmiştir. Bu incelemenin amacı, ekonomik düzlemde tanık olunan dönüşümlerin; insan, çalışma yaşamı, toplumsal değerler ve kentsel mekân arasındaki ilişkilere olan etkilerini analiz etmektir. Bu çerçevede çalışmada ilk olarak; endüstri devriminin çalışma yaşamına etkileri ve kentsel yapıya yansımalarını analiz edilecektir. Daha sonra ise, 20. yüzyılın son çeyreğinde toplumsal yapının tüm düzlemlerini etkileyen post – endüstriyel süreçlerin; endüstri toplumundan farklı olarak toplumsal yapıda ortaya çıkardığı dönüşümlerin çalışma yaşantısına etkileri ve kentsel mekâna yansımalarının neler olduğu irdelenecektir. Çalışmanın bu bölümünde ele alınacak anahtar kavramlar, “boş zaman”, “esnek çalışma” “tüketim”, “hedonizm” ve “alışveriş merkezleri” şeklindedir. Bu anahtar niteliğindeki kavramlardan yola çıkılarak toplumsal yapıda, post –endüstriyel dönüşüm sü- recinin izleri takip edilecektir.

Keywords

Boş zaman, esnek çalışma, tüketim, hedonizm, kent mekanı

Working Life In Post-Industrial Transformation Process And Its Reflections On Urban Space

Abstract

In this study, transformations that are experienced in social structure in the context of production-consumption relationship that has changed after the second half of 18th century are observed. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of transformations that were witnessed in economical plane on people, working life, social values and urban space. In this frame, first of all; the effects of industrial revolution on working life and its reflections on urban structure will be analyzed. Then, the effects of transformations of post-industrial processes that influence all the planes of social structure in the last quarter of 20th century on working life in social structure that reveals different from industrial society and its reflections on urban space will be discussed. Key concepts that will be addressed in this section of the study are; “free time”, “flexible working”, “consumption”, “hedonism” and “shopping centers”. Moving towards these key concepts; traces of post-industrial transformation process on social structure will be followed

Keywords

Free Time, Flexible Working, Consumption, Hedonism, Urban Space

References

• Akbalık, Esra (2004) Global Cities and Change of Urban Life Sytles Within the Consumption Culture: Istanbul Case, Istanbul Technical University Social Sci- ences Institues, (Unpublished Master Thesis), Istanbul.
• Altunışık, R. And Çallı, L. (2004) “Impulse Buying and One Search on Behaviour of Hedonic Consumption: Information Use on Buying Decisional Process”, http://iibf.ogu.edu.tr/kongre/bildiri- ler/05-04.pdf (01.03.2010).
• Argın, Şükrü (1992) “Fortune of Job and La- bour Force in Capitalist Community: Post- Fordizm”, Birikim Journal, No. 41, September, p. 16–29.
• Aslanoglu, Rana (1998) City Idendity Globa- lization, Bursa: Asa Bookstore.
• Baudelaire, C. (2003) Painter of Modern Life, Trans: Berktay, A., Istanbul: Iletişim Publications.
• Baudrillard, Jean (2004) Consumption Soci- ety, Trans: Hazal Deliceçaylı ve Ferda Keskin, Istanbul: Ayrıntı Publications.
• Baudrillard, Jean (2003) Simülakrlar and Si- mulation, Trans.: Oğuz Adanır, Ankara: Doğu Batı Publications.
• Bauman, Zygmaunt (1999) Work Consume- rism and New Poorness, Istanbul: Sar- mal Publishing House.
• Belek, Ilker (1999) Postcapitalist Paradigms, Istanbul: Sorun Publications.
• Bocock, Robert (1993) Consumption, An- kara: doi:10.4324/9780203313114 Bookstore.
• Bozkurt, Veysel (2005a) Industrial & Post – Industrial Transformation: Information – Economy – Culture, Bursa: Aktüel Publications.
• Bozkurt, Veysel (2005b) “Final of Puritan Ethic and Post – Industrial Transforma- tion”, Transformation in Work Life, Edt.: Aşkın Keser, Ankara: Nobel Bo- okstore. p. 35- 64.
• Bozkurt, Veysel (2000) From Puritanism to Habromania New Work Ethic, Bursa: Alesta Publications.
• Campell, Colin (1987) The Romantic Ethic and The Spirit of Modern Consume- rism, Cambridge: Blackwell.
• Castells, Manuel (1997) City Class Power, Trans: Asuman Erendil, Ankara: Bilim and Sanat Publications
• Cini, Gürol (2002) Globalization and of Change Metropol City: Telepolis, Istan- bul Technical University Social Sciences Institues, (Unpublished Master Thesis), Istanbul.
• Featherstone, Mike (2005) Postmodernism and Consumption Culture, Trans: Meh- met Küçük, İstanbul: Ayrıntı Publicati- ons.
• Featherstone, Mike (2001) “Consumer Cul- ture”, International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, Elsevier Sciences Ltd., p. 2662- 2669.
• Featherstone, Mike (1991) “The Body in Con- sumer Culture”, Edt.: Mike Feathers- tone, Mike Hepworth, Bryan S. Turner, The Body: Social Process and Cultural Theory, London: Sage Publications.
• Fishmann, Robert (2002) “City Utupias in 20. Century: Ebenezer Howard, Frank Lloyd Wright, Le Corbusier”, 20. Cen- tury City, Edt. ve Trans.: Bülent Duru – Ayten Alkan, Ankara: Imge Bookstore.
• Fromm, Erich (1997) To Own Or Not To Own, Trans.: Aydın Arıtan, Istanbul: Arıtan Publication Store.
• Furnhma, A. (1990) “The Protestant Work Ethic”, The Psychology of Work Rela- ted Beliefs and Behaviours, NewYork: Routledge Publishers.
• Gorz, Andre (1993) Capitalism Socialism and Ecology, Trans.: Işık Ergüden, Ay- rıntı Publications, Istanbul
• Hacısalihoglu, Yaşar (2000) Space Effect of Globalization and Istanbul, Istanbul: Akademik Düzey Publications.
• Harvey, David (1997) Situation of Postmo- dernism, Trans.: Savran, S., Istanbul: Metis Publications.
• Isık, Oğuz (September 1993) “Modernism City / Postmodernism City”, Birikim Journal, 53.
• Ilhan, Süleyman (2007) “The Dark Face of New Capitalism: On The Realism of Discources Humanitarianism and Mo- rality”, Fırat University Social Science Journal, 17 (2): 283- 306.
• Jencks, Charles (1987) The Language of Post- modern Architecture, London: Aca- demy Editions.
• Kahvecioglu, Yasemin (2004) “Consumption Society, Ecological Risk and Turkey”, Uludag University, Social Science Insti- tute (Unpublication Master Thesis), Bursa.
• Karakurt Tosun, Elif (2009) “Place and Cul- ture in City Formed Under The Effect of Information and Communucation Technologies”, 1. International Davraz Congress, Süleyman Demirel Univer- sity, Isparta.
• Karakurt Tosun, Elif (2007) “Spatial, Social and Cultural Change in Cities in the Globalization Process: Bursa Example”, Uludag University Social Science Insti- tute, Unpublication Doctoral Thesis, Bursa.
• Karakurt, Elif (2006) “Suggestions for Desig- ning The Urban Site: Modern City Plan- ning Mentality And Post-Modern Mentality Of Cıty Planning”, Erciyes University Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences Journal, 26, p. 125 – 146.
• Karakurt, Elif (2002) “High Income Group’s Dwellings in Interaction of Globaliza- tion and Global Local Process: Bursa Example”, Uludag University Social Science Institute, Unpublication Master Thesis, Bursa.
• Kıray, Mübeccel (2005) One Comparative Research on Consumption Norms, Prep.: Nigan Bayazıt, Istanbul: Baglam Publications.
• Kubat, Ayşe Sema (1996) Postmodernism in Disney World, Istanbul: Yem Publicati- ons, p.122–135.
• Langman, Loren (1992) “Neon Cages: Shop- ping for Subjectivity”, Lifestyle Shop- ping, Edt.: Rob Shields, London: Routledge, p. 40–83.
• Lefebvre, Henri (1998) Daily Life in Modern World, Trans.: Işın Gürbüz, Istanbul: Metis Publications.
• Lunt, Peter K. and Livingstone, Sonia M. (1992) Mass Consumption and Personal Identity, Philadelphia: Open Universtiy Pres.
• Oncu, Ayşe (1999) "The Myth of the Ideal Home: Travels Across Cultural Borders to Istanbul", Birikim Journal, 123, July, p. 26–34.
• Ozcan, Burcu (December 2007) Together Ex- hibition Places of “Rational Buying” and “Shopping in Lesiure Time” Acti- vities: Shopping Centers”, Social Scien- ces Journal, IX (2), p. 39- 68.
• Parker, Ken W. (2003) “Sign Consumption in the 19th-Century Store: an Examination of Visual Merchandising in the Grand Emporiums (1846–1900)”, Journal of So- ciology, 39 (4), p. 353 – 371. doi:10.1177/0004869003394003
• Penpece, Dilek (2006) “The Factor Which De- termine The Consumer Behaviour: The Effect of Culture and Consumer Beha- viour”, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Social Science Institute (Un- publication Master Thesis).
• Russell, James A. (1980) “A Circumplex Model of Affect”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 39, no.6, p. 1161– 78. doi:10.1037/h0077714
• Ritzer, George (2000) Enchanting a Disenc- hanted World: Revolutionizing The Means Of Consumption, Trans.: Şen Süer Kaya, Istanbul, Ayrıntı Publicati- ons.
• Ritzer, George (1998) McDonaldization of Society: An Investigation into the Chan- ging Character of Contemporary Social Life, Trans.: Ş. Süer Kaya, Istanbul: Ay- rıntı Publications.
• Sennett, Richard (1996) Decline of Public Human, Trans.: Durak S. and Yılmaz A., Istanbul, Ayrıntı Publications.
• Shields, Rob (1992a) “Spaces for the Subject of Consumption”, Lifestyle Shopping, Edt.: Rob Shields, London: Routledge, p. 1–21.
• Shields, Rob (1992b) “Consumption Cultu- res and the Fate of Community”, Li- festyle Shopping, Edt.: Rob Shields, London: Routledge, p. 99– 114.
• Saylan, Gencay (2002) Postmodernizm, An- kara: Imge Bookstore.
• Tokyay, Vedat (2005) “Shopping Architec- ture and Exhibit Culture In Light of New Design Culture”, Journal of Arc- hitecture Culture Art Structure, No.286, September, p. 58–64.
• Urry, John (1999) Consuming Places, Trans.: Rahmi G. Ögdül, Istanbul: Ayrıntı Pub- lications.
• Veblen, Thorstein (1994) The Theory of The Leisure Class, NewYork: Dover Publi- cations.
• Vural, Tülin (2005) “A Critical Approach To The Meaning and Spatial Transforma- tion of Shopping Malls, In The Context of Changing Production and Consump- tion Patterns In Our Century”, Istanbul Technical University Social Sciences Institues, (Unpublished Doctoral The- sis), Istanbul.
• Weber, Max (2002) Protestant Ethich and Spirit of Capitalism, Trans.: Gürata, Z., Ankara: Ayraç Publications.
• Weber, Max (1971) The Protestant Ethic and The Spirit of Capitalism, Trans.: Par- sons, T., London: Allen & Unwin Ltd.
• Yazıcı, Erdinç (1999) “Unionist Movement and Findings of New Mission”, Ankara: Şeker-iş Union Publications.
• Zencirkıran, Mehmet (2005) “From Industry Society to Information Society: Chan- ging Work Life and New Values”, Transformation in Work Life, Edt: Aşkın Keser, Ankara: Nobel Bookstore, p. 15- 34.
• Zengel, Rengin (2002) “Identity Search on Urban Open Space in New Chiliad”, Arredamento Architecture: Desing Cul- ture Journal, 4, p. 90–97