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Material affluence, time affluence and well-being among managers in Egypt

Year 2009, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 11 - 24, 01.06.2009

Abstract

Purpose – Kasser and Sheldon (2009) reported that Time affluence (TA) may be a more important predictor of subjective well-being than Material Affluence (MA) in samples of US college students and working adults. This research replicated their work among managers and professionals working in a variety of organizations and industries in Egypt. a large Muslim country having Islamic values. Design/methodology/approach - Data were collected from 242 respondents, 146 males and 96 females, using anonymously completed questionnaires, a 48% response rate. Measures included personal demographic and work situation characteristics, stable individual difference personality factors, job demands , work outcomes, after-work recovery experiences, and indicators psychological well-being. Findings - MA and TA were significantly correlated (r=.22, p<.001), and managers indicated higher levels of MA than TA. Managers working more hours per week, and managers earning higher incomes, reported less Ta; work hours and income had no relationship with MA. Managers scoring higher on personality factors likely to be associated with greater work investment indicated lower levels of TA Managers working in more intense jobs also indicated lower levels of TA. Managers indicating less TA reported higher levels of job stress; managers indicating higher levels of MA indicated more job stress and higher intentions to quit. Finally, managers indicating higher TA also reported less work-family conflict and fewer psychosomatic symptoms. Research limitations/implications –Since data was collected at only one point in time questions of causality could not be addressed. Study highlights the need for more comparative and cross-cultural studies of human resource management. Practical implications – Findings highlight the role of work hours and TA as factors in psychological well-being of Egyptian managers. Originality/value –This is the first study of MA and TA in Egypt. The findings were consistent with previous results and extended our understanding of correlates of MA and TA. Paper type –Research paper

References

  • Abdalla, I. (1996) Attitudes towards women in the Arabian Gulf Region. Women in Management Review, 11, 29-39.
  • Al-Lamky, A. (2007) Feminizing leadership in Arab societies: The perspectives of Omani female leaders. Women in Man- agement Review, 22, 49-67.
  • Ali, A. J., (2005) Islamic perspectives on man- agement and organization. Cheltenhalm, UK: Edward Elgar.
  • Ali, A. (1999) Middle East competitiveness in the 21st century’s global market. Acad- emy of Management Executive, 1, 102- 108.
  • Ali, A. (1998) Scaling an Islamic work ethic. Journal of Social Psychology, 128, 575- 583.
  • Ali, A. J., & Al-Owaihan, A. (2008) Islamic work ethic: A critical review. Cross Cul- tural Management, 15, 5-19.
  • Barling, J., Keloway, E. K., & Frone, M. R. (2005) Handbook of work stress. Thou- sand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Budhwar, P., & Mellahi, K. (2007) Introduc- tion: Human resource management in the Middle East. International Journal of Human Resources Management, 18, 2- 10.
  • Burke, R. J. (2009) Greed. In R. J. Burke & C. L Cooper (eds.) Research companion to corruption in organizations. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. in press.
  • Burke, R. J., & Cooper, C. L. (2008) The long work hours culture: Causes, conse- quences and choices. Bingley, UKL: Em,erald Publishers.
  • Burke, R. J., Koyuncu, M., Fiksenbaum, L., & Demirer, H. (2009) Time affluence, mate- rial affluence and well-being among Turkish managers. Unpublished manu- script. Schulich School of Business, York University. Toronto. Canada
  • Burke, R. J., (1991) Early work and career ex- periences of female and male managers and professionals: Reasons for opti- mism? Canadian Journal of Administra- tive Sciences, 8, 224-230.
  • Carlson, D., Kacmar, J., & Williams, L. (2000) Construction and initial validation of a multi-dimensional measure of work- family conflict. Journal of Vocational Be- havior, 56, 249-278.
  • Cameron, K. S., Dutton, .J. E.,& Quinn, R E, (2003) Positive organizational scholar- ship: foundations of a new discipline. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler.
  • Dembe, A. E., Erickson, J. B., Delbos, R. B., & Banks, S. M. (2005) The impact of over- time and long work hours on occupa- tional injuries and illnesses: New evidence from the United States. Occu- pational and /environmental Medicine, 62, 588-597.
  • Diener, E., Emmons, R., A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985) The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assess- ment, 49, 71-75.
  • El-Ghannam, A. (2002) Analytical studies of women’s participation in Arab societies. Equal Opportunities International, 21, 1- 18,
  • El-Ghannam, A. (2001) Modernization in Arab societies: The theoretical and ana- lytical view. International Journal of So- ciology and Social Policy, 21, 99-131.
  • El-Kot, G.., & Leat, M. (2008) A survey of re- cruitment and selection practices in Egypt.Education, Business and Society: Contemporary Middle eastern Issues, 1, 200-21.
  • El-Saadawi, N. (1982) Women and Islam. Women’s Studies International Forum, 5, 193-206.
  • Greenhaus, J. H., Parasuraman, S., & Worm- ley, W. (1990) Organizational experiences and career success of black and white managers. Academy of Management Journal, 33, 64-86.
  • Hewlett, S. A., & Luce, C. B. (2006) Extreme jobs: The dangerous allure of the 70-hour work week. Harvard Business Review, December, 49-59.
  • Hofstede, G. (1980) Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publica- tions.
  • Jamali, D,., Safieddine, A., & Daouk, M. (2006) The glass ceiling: Some positive trends from the Lebanese banking sector. Women in Management Review, 21, 625- 642,.
  • Japer, N. (2001) Bargaining with a patriarchy: Gender, voice and spatial development in the Middle East. Arab Studies Quar- terly, 23, 101-102.
  • Kasser, K. T., & Sheldon, K. M. (2009) Time af- fluence as a path towards personal hap- piness and ethical business practice. Empirical evidence from four studies. Journal of Business Ethics, i94, 243-255..
  • Kofodimos, J. (1993) Balancing act. San Fran- cisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Leat, M., & El-Kot, G., (2007) HRM practices and policies in Egypt: The influence of national context? International Journal of Human Resources.
  • Maslach, C., Jackson, S. E., & Leiter, M. P. (1996). Maslach Burnout Inventory, 3rd ed. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psycholo- gists Press.
  • Metcalfe, B. D. (2008) Women in management and globalization in the Middle East. Journal of Business Ethics, 83, 85-100.
  • Metcalfe, B. D. (2007) Gender and human re- source management in the Middle East. International Journal of Human Re- sources Management, 18, 54-74.
  • Metcalfe, B. D. (2006) Exploring cultural di- mensions of gender and management in the Middle East. Thunderbird Interna- tional Business Review, 48, 93-102.
  • Mostafa, M. M. (2003) Attitudes towards women who work in Egypt. Women in Management Review, 18, 252-268.
  • Mudrack, P. E. (2006) Understanding worka- holism: The case for behavioral tenden- cies. In R. J. Burke (ed.) Research companion to working time and work addiction. Chichester, UK: Edward Elgar. pp. 108-128.
  • Muna, F.(1980) The Arab executive. London: MacMillan.
  • Quinn, R. P., & Shepard, L. J., (1974) The 1972- 73 Quality of Employment Survey. Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan.
  • Ramzy N. (2002) Arab women and labor: A study of three Arab societies. Journal of the social Sciences, 30, 579-607.
  • Schabracq, M. J., Winnubst, J. A. M., & Cooper, C. L. (2003) The handbook of work and health. psychology. West Sus- sex, UK: John Wiley.
  • Sherabi, H. (2002) Modernism and religious thought. Al Rai 18 October, p. 236.
  • Sidani, Y. (2005) Women, work and Islam in Arab societies. Women in Management review, 20, 496-512.
  • Sparks K., Cooper, C. L., Fried,. Y., & Shirom, A (1997) The effects of hours of work on health: a meta-analytic review. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psy- chology, 70, 391-408.
  • Spence, J. T., & Robbins, A. S. (1992) Worka- holism: Definition, measurement, and preliminary results. Journal of Person- ality Assessment. 58, 160-178.
  • Steers, R. M., & Braunstein, D. N. (1976) Man- ifest Needs Questionnaire. In J. Cook, et. al. (eds.) Experience of work: A com- pendium and review of 249 measures and their use. New York: Academic Press. pp. 159-160.
  • Tyler, M., & Holmes, E., (2008) Higher educa- tion reforms in Egypt: Preparing gradu- ates for Egypt’s changing political economy Education, Business and Soci- ety: Contemporary Middle Eastern Is- sues, 1, 175-185.
  • van der Hulst, M. (2003) Long work hours and health. Scandinavian Journal of work, Environment and Health, 29, 171-188.
  • Yousef, D. A. (2001a) Islamic work ethic: A moderator between organizational com- mitment and job satisfaction in a cross- cultural context. Personnel Review, 30, 152-169.
  • Yousef, D. A., (2001b) The Islamic work ethi as a mediator of the relationship between locus of control, role conflict and role am- biguity. Journal of Managerial Psychol- ogy, 15, 283-302.
Year 2009, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 11 - 24, 01.06.2009

Abstract

References

  • Abdalla, I. (1996) Attitudes towards women in the Arabian Gulf Region. Women in Management Review, 11, 29-39.
  • Al-Lamky, A. (2007) Feminizing leadership in Arab societies: The perspectives of Omani female leaders. Women in Man- agement Review, 22, 49-67.
  • Ali, A. J., (2005) Islamic perspectives on man- agement and organization. Cheltenhalm, UK: Edward Elgar.
  • Ali, A. (1999) Middle East competitiveness in the 21st century’s global market. Acad- emy of Management Executive, 1, 102- 108.
  • Ali, A. (1998) Scaling an Islamic work ethic. Journal of Social Psychology, 128, 575- 583.
  • Ali, A. J., & Al-Owaihan, A. (2008) Islamic work ethic: A critical review. Cross Cul- tural Management, 15, 5-19.
  • Barling, J., Keloway, E. K., & Frone, M. R. (2005) Handbook of work stress. Thou- sand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Budhwar, P., & Mellahi, K. (2007) Introduc- tion: Human resource management in the Middle East. International Journal of Human Resources Management, 18, 2- 10.
  • Burke, R. J. (2009) Greed. In R. J. Burke & C. L Cooper (eds.) Research companion to corruption in organizations. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. in press.
  • Burke, R. J., & Cooper, C. L. (2008) The long work hours culture: Causes, conse- quences and choices. Bingley, UKL: Em,erald Publishers.
  • Burke, R. J., Koyuncu, M., Fiksenbaum, L., & Demirer, H. (2009) Time affluence, mate- rial affluence and well-being among Turkish managers. Unpublished manu- script. Schulich School of Business, York University. Toronto. Canada
  • Burke, R. J., (1991) Early work and career ex- periences of female and male managers and professionals: Reasons for opti- mism? Canadian Journal of Administra- tive Sciences, 8, 224-230.
  • Carlson, D., Kacmar, J., & Williams, L. (2000) Construction and initial validation of a multi-dimensional measure of work- family conflict. Journal of Vocational Be- havior, 56, 249-278.
  • Cameron, K. S., Dutton, .J. E.,& Quinn, R E, (2003) Positive organizational scholar- ship: foundations of a new discipline. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler.
  • Dembe, A. E., Erickson, J. B., Delbos, R. B., & Banks, S. M. (2005) The impact of over- time and long work hours on occupa- tional injuries and illnesses: New evidence from the United States. Occu- pational and /environmental Medicine, 62, 588-597.
  • Diener, E., Emmons, R., A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985) The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assess- ment, 49, 71-75.
  • El-Ghannam, A. (2002) Analytical studies of women’s participation in Arab societies. Equal Opportunities International, 21, 1- 18,
  • El-Ghannam, A. (2001) Modernization in Arab societies: The theoretical and ana- lytical view. International Journal of So- ciology and Social Policy, 21, 99-131.
  • El-Kot, G.., & Leat, M. (2008) A survey of re- cruitment and selection practices in Egypt.Education, Business and Society: Contemporary Middle eastern Issues, 1, 200-21.
  • El-Saadawi, N. (1982) Women and Islam. Women’s Studies International Forum, 5, 193-206.
  • Greenhaus, J. H., Parasuraman, S., & Worm- ley, W. (1990) Organizational experiences and career success of black and white managers. Academy of Management Journal, 33, 64-86.
  • Hewlett, S. A., & Luce, C. B. (2006) Extreme jobs: The dangerous allure of the 70-hour work week. Harvard Business Review, December, 49-59.
  • Hofstede, G. (1980) Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publica- tions.
  • Jamali, D,., Safieddine, A., & Daouk, M. (2006) The glass ceiling: Some positive trends from the Lebanese banking sector. Women in Management Review, 21, 625- 642,.
  • Japer, N. (2001) Bargaining with a patriarchy: Gender, voice and spatial development in the Middle East. Arab Studies Quar- terly, 23, 101-102.
  • Kasser, K. T., & Sheldon, K. M. (2009) Time af- fluence as a path towards personal hap- piness and ethical business practice. Empirical evidence from four studies. Journal of Business Ethics, i94, 243-255..
  • Kofodimos, J. (1993) Balancing act. San Fran- cisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Leat, M., & El-Kot, G., (2007) HRM practices and policies in Egypt: The influence of national context? International Journal of Human Resources.
  • Maslach, C., Jackson, S. E., & Leiter, M. P. (1996). Maslach Burnout Inventory, 3rd ed. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psycholo- gists Press.
  • Metcalfe, B. D. (2008) Women in management and globalization in the Middle East. Journal of Business Ethics, 83, 85-100.
  • Metcalfe, B. D. (2007) Gender and human re- source management in the Middle East. International Journal of Human Re- sources Management, 18, 54-74.
  • Metcalfe, B. D. (2006) Exploring cultural di- mensions of gender and management in the Middle East. Thunderbird Interna- tional Business Review, 48, 93-102.
  • Mostafa, M. M. (2003) Attitudes towards women who work in Egypt. Women in Management Review, 18, 252-268.
  • Mudrack, P. E. (2006) Understanding worka- holism: The case for behavioral tenden- cies. In R. J. Burke (ed.) Research companion to working time and work addiction. Chichester, UK: Edward Elgar. pp. 108-128.
  • Muna, F.(1980) The Arab executive. London: MacMillan.
  • Quinn, R. P., & Shepard, L. J., (1974) The 1972- 73 Quality of Employment Survey. Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan.
  • Ramzy N. (2002) Arab women and labor: A study of three Arab societies. Journal of the social Sciences, 30, 579-607.
  • Schabracq, M. J., Winnubst, J. A. M., & Cooper, C. L. (2003) The handbook of work and health. psychology. West Sus- sex, UK: John Wiley.
  • Sherabi, H. (2002) Modernism and religious thought. Al Rai 18 October, p. 236.
  • Sidani, Y. (2005) Women, work and Islam in Arab societies. Women in Management review, 20, 496-512.
  • Sparks K., Cooper, C. L., Fried,. Y., & Shirom, A (1997) The effects of hours of work on health: a meta-analytic review. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psy- chology, 70, 391-408.
  • Spence, J. T., & Robbins, A. S. (1992) Worka- holism: Definition, measurement, and preliminary results. Journal of Person- ality Assessment. 58, 160-178.
  • Steers, R. M., & Braunstein, D. N. (1976) Man- ifest Needs Questionnaire. In J. Cook, et. al. (eds.) Experience of work: A com- pendium and review of 249 measures and their use. New York: Academic Press. pp. 159-160.
  • Tyler, M., & Holmes, E., (2008) Higher educa- tion reforms in Egypt: Preparing gradu- ates for Egypt’s changing political economy Education, Business and Soci- ety: Contemporary Middle Eastern Is- sues, 1, 175-185.
  • van der Hulst, M. (2003) Long work hours and health. Scandinavian Journal of work, Environment and Health, 29, 171-188.
  • Yousef, D. A. (2001a) Islamic work ethic: A moderator between organizational com- mitment and job satisfaction in a cross- cultural context. Personnel Review, 30, 152-169.
  • Yousef, D. A., (2001b) The Islamic work ethi as a mediator of the relationship between locus of control, role conflict and role am- biguity. Journal of Managerial Psychol- ogy, 15, 283-302.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA23KC63ER
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ronald J. Burke This is me

Ghada El This is me

- Kot This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2009
Published in Issue Year 2009 Volume: 11 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Burke, R. J., El, G., & Kot, .-. (2009). Material affluence, time affluence and well-being among managers in Egypt. ISGUC The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources, 11(2), 11-24.
AMA Burke RJ, El G, Kot. Material affluence, time affluence and well-being among managers in Egypt. isguc. June 2009;11(2):11-24.
Chicago Burke, Ronald J., Ghada El, and - Kot. “Material Affluence, Time Affluence and Well-Being Among Managers in Egypt”. ISGUC The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources 11, no. 2 (June 2009): 11-24.
EndNote Burke RJ, El G, Kot - (June 1, 2009) Material affluence, time affluence and well-being among managers in Egypt. ISGUC The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources 11 2 11–24.
IEEE R. J. Burke, G. El, and .-. Kot, “Material affluence, time affluence and well-being among managers in Egypt”, isguc, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 11–24, 2009.
ISNAD Burke, Ronald J. et al. “Material Affluence, Time Affluence and Well-Being Among Managers in Egypt”. ISGUC The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources 11/2 (June 2009), 11-24.
JAMA Burke RJ, El G, Kot -. Material affluence, time affluence and well-being among managers in Egypt. isguc. 2009;11:11–24.
MLA Burke, Ronald J. et al. “Material Affluence, Time Affluence and Well-Being Among Managers in Egypt”. ISGUC The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources, vol. 11, no. 2, 2009, pp. 11-24.
Vancouver Burke RJ, El G, Kot -. Material affluence, time affluence and well-being among managers in Egypt. isguc. 2009;11(2):11-24.