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“Membership”, Dependencies And Free Riding In Networks – A Case Study Of The European Metal Sector

Year 2009, Volume: 11 Issue: 6, 73 - 92, 01.12.2009

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to highlight the complex nature of informal industry networks and their functions. These networks enable the actors to be better aware of situations in other countries and to coordinate their actions accordingly. The theoretical part of this paper deals with the resource dependency and free riding, both of which can emerge in networks. On the other hand the term membership, usually referring to formal networks, is not necessarily suitable for the analysis of informal or not yet existing ones, thus requiring a new way of defining these types of networks. Empirically this paper draws from a survey made to the all the member affiliations of the EMF, using network methods to analyze the dependencies and free riding. Membership comes into play when discussing free riding in a network and imbalance between the actors’ roles and resource inputs.

References

  • Albanese, Robert & Van Fleet, David. The Free Riding Tendency in Organizations. Scandinavian Journal of Management Studies. 2(1985):2, pp. 121-136.
  • Alchian, Armen. & Demsetz, Harold. Pro- duction, Information Costs, and Econo- mic Organization. American Economic Review 62(1972):N/A pp. 777–795.
  • Alexander, Ernest R. Interorganizational Co- ordination: Theory and Practice. Jour- nal of Planning Literature 7(1993):4, pp. 328-343.
  • Astley, Graham W. & Fombrun, Charles J. Collective Strategy: Social Ecology of Organizational Environments. Aca- demy of Management Review 8(1983):4, pp. 576-587.
  • Bernard, Russell; Killworth, Peter; Kronen- feld, David & Sailer, Lee. On the Vali- dity of Retrospective Data: The Problem of Informant Accuracy. Annual Review of Anthropology 13(1984), pp. 495-517.
  • Borgatti, Steve & Foster, Pacey. The Network Paradigm in Organizational Research: A Review and Typology. Journal of Ma- nagement 29(2003):6, pp. 991-1013.
  • Borys, Byran. & Jemison, David B. Hybrid arrangements as strategic alliances: Theoretical issues in organizational combinations. Academy of Manage- ment Review 14(1989):2, pp. 234-249.
  • Busemeyer, Marius R; Kellermann, Chris- tian; Petring, Alexander & Stuchlík, An- drej. Overstretching Solidarity? Trade Unions’ National Perspectives on the European Economic and Social Model. Friedrich-Eberhart Stiftung Internatio- nal Policy Analysis, September 2007.
  • De Bruijn, Hans & ten Heuvelhof, Ernst. Po- licy Networks and Governance. In Wei- mer, David L (ed.). Institutional Design. Dortrecht: Kluwer 1995.
  • DiMaggio, Paul J. & Powell, Walter W. The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Iso- morphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields. American Socio- logical Review 48(1983): 2, 147-160.
  • Dufour, Christian & Hege, Adelheid. Quelle coordination syndicale des négociations en Europe? Chronique Internationale de l’IRES , No.60, pp.108-117
  • Erne, Roland. European Unions – Labor’s Quest for a Transnational Democracy. Ithaca: Cornell University Press 2008.
  • European Metalworkers’ Federation. The EMF Structure and Areas of Work. EMF EU Policy Seminar for Full-Time Union Officers, Bad Hofgastein 2008.
  • Freeman, Linton, Romney, Kimball & Free- man, Sue. Cognitive Structure and In- formant Accuracy. American Anthropologist 89(1987):2, pp. 311-325.
  • Freyssinet, Jacques. Dialogue Social et Cons- truction Européen. Chronique Interna- tionale de l’IRES, les acteurs sociaux nationaux face a la Construction Euro- péene. October 1998, pp. 5-23.
  • Galbright, Jay R. Designing Complex Orga- nizations. Reading: Addison-Wesley 1973.
  • Gollbach, Jochen. Grenzüberschreitende Ko- ordinierung als Weg zu einer solida- rischen europäischen Gewerkschaftspolitik? Das Beispiel der Tarifpartnerschaft Belgien-Nieder- lande-Nordrhein-Westfalen von Ge- werkschaften der Metallbranche, PhD Dissertation. Oldenburg: Universität Oldenburg 2000.
  • Gulati, Ranjay; Nohria, Nitin & Zaheer, Akbar. Strategic Networks. Strategic Management Journal 21(2000):3, pp. 203-215.
  • Hardin, Russell. Collective Action. Johns Hopkins University Press for Resources for the Future, Baltimore 1982.
  • Haunschild, Pamela R. & Beckman, Chris- tine M. When Do Interlocks Matter? Al- ternate Sources of Information and Interlock Influence. Administration Sci- ence Quarterly 43(1998):4, pp. 815-844.
  • Hickey, Delina. Collaboration, Cooperation and Coordination. Toward a Definition for Educators and Job Trainers.
  • http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/data/e r i c d o c s 2 s q l / c o n t e n t _ s t o - rage_01/0000019b/80/2f/32/66.pdf
  • Jackson, Matthew O. The Stability and Effi- ciency of Economic and Social Net- works. In Sertel, Murat & Koray, Semih (eds.). Advances in Economic Design. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg 2003.
  • Knoke, David & Yang, Song. Social Network Analysis – Second Edition. Sage, Lon- don 2008.
  • Lallement, Michel. Relations Professionelles et Emploi: Du Niveau a la Configura- tion. Sociologie du Travail 2(1998), pp.
  • Leonard, Evelyne ; Rochet, Delphine & Van- denbussche, Isabelle. The Challenges of Enlargement. in Dufresne, Anne; Degryse, Christophe & Pochet, Philippe (eds.). The European Sectoral Social Dialogue – Actors, Developments and Challenges. P.I.E. Peter Lang, Brussels 2006 pp. 305-334.
  • Marsh, David (ed.). Comparing Policy Net- works. Open University Press: Buc- kingham
  • Oliver, Christine. Determinants of Interor- ganizational Relationships: Integration and Future Directions. Academy of Ma- nagement Review 15(1990):2, pp. 241- 265.
  • Olson, Mancur. The Logic of Collective Ac- tion. Public Good and the Theory of Groups. Harvard University Press, Cambridge 1965.
  • Olson, Frayne & Cook, Michael L. Towards a Measurement of Free Riding within Private Collective Action Organizati- ons. Paper presented at American Agri- cultural Economics Association Annual Meeting in Orlando 2008.
  • Pfeffer, Jeffrey & Salancik, Gerald. The Ex- ternal Control of Organizations. A Re- source Dependency Perspective. Harper and Row, New York 1978.
  • Rhodes, Rod A.W. & Marsh, David. New Di- rections in the Study of Policy Net- works. European Journal of Political Research 21(1992):1-2, pp. 181-205.
  • Rhodes, Rod A.W. Policy Networks: A Bri- tish Perspective. Journal of Theoretical Politics 2(1997):2, pp. 293-317.
  • Rogers, Everett & Argawala-Rogers, Rekha. Communication Networks in Organi- zations. in Corman, Steven R; Banks, Stephen P; Bantz, Charles R & Mayer, Michael E (eds.). Foundations of Orga- nizational Communication: A Reader. Longman, White Plains. pp. 333-348.
  • Rokkan, Aksel & Bovik, Arnt. Inter-Firm Cooperation and the Problem of Free Riding Behavior: An Empirical Study of Voluntary Retail Chains. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management 9(2003):5-6, pp. 247-256.
  • Rosenkopf, Lori. Comparing Alliance Net- work Structure Across Industries: Ob- servations and Explanations. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal 1(2007):3-4, pp. 191-209.
  • Routledge, Paul; Nativel, Corinne & Cum- bers, Andrew. Entangled Logics and Grassroots Imaginaries of Global Justice Networks. Environmental Politics 15(2006):5, pp. 839-859.
  • Traxler, Franz; Brandl, Bernd; Glassner, Vera & Ludwig, Alice. Can Cross-Border Bargaining Coordination Work? Analy- tical Reflections on its Feasibility and Evidence From Germany’s and Aus- tria’s Metal Industry. European Journal of Industrial Relations 14(2008):2, pp. 217-237.
  • Vegso, Raymond. Cooperation, Coordina- tion, and Collaboration in Organizati- ons. Canisius College School of Business Administration Press, Buffalo 1986.
  • Walker, Gordon; Kogut, Bruce & Shan,Wei- jian. Social Capital, Structural Holes and the Formation of an Industry Net- work. Organization Science 8(1997):2, pp. 109-125.
  • Wittek, Rafael & Van de Bunt, Gerhard. Or- ganizational Governance, Informal Net- works and Oppositional Solidarity in Organizations. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Socio- logical Association in Atlanta 2003.
  • Wright, Maurice. Policy Community, Policy Network and Comparative Industrial Policies. Political Studies 36(1988):2, pp.
Year 2009, Volume: 11 Issue: 6, 73 - 92, 01.12.2009

Abstract

References

  • Albanese, Robert & Van Fleet, David. The Free Riding Tendency in Organizations. Scandinavian Journal of Management Studies. 2(1985):2, pp. 121-136.
  • Alchian, Armen. & Demsetz, Harold. Pro- duction, Information Costs, and Econo- mic Organization. American Economic Review 62(1972):N/A pp. 777–795.
  • Alexander, Ernest R. Interorganizational Co- ordination: Theory and Practice. Jour- nal of Planning Literature 7(1993):4, pp. 328-343.
  • Astley, Graham W. & Fombrun, Charles J. Collective Strategy: Social Ecology of Organizational Environments. Aca- demy of Management Review 8(1983):4, pp. 576-587.
  • Bernard, Russell; Killworth, Peter; Kronen- feld, David & Sailer, Lee. On the Vali- dity of Retrospective Data: The Problem of Informant Accuracy. Annual Review of Anthropology 13(1984), pp. 495-517.
  • Borgatti, Steve & Foster, Pacey. The Network Paradigm in Organizational Research: A Review and Typology. Journal of Ma- nagement 29(2003):6, pp. 991-1013.
  • Borys, Byran. & Jemison, David B. Hybrid arrangements as strategic alliances: Theoretical issues in organizational combinations. Academy of Manage- ment Review 14(1989):2, pp. 234-249.
  • Busemeyer, Marius R; Kellermann, Chris- tian; Petring, Alexander & Stuchlík, An- drej. Overstretching Solidarity? Trade Unions’ National Perspectives on the European Economic and Social Model. Friedrich-Eberhart Stiftung Internatio- nal Policy Analysis, September 2007.
  • De Bruijn, Hans & ten Heuvelhof, Ernst. Po- licy Networks and Governance. In Wei- mer, David L (ed.). Institutional Design. Dortrecht: Kluwer 1995.
  • DiMaggio, Paul J. & Powell, Walter W. The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Iso- morphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields. American Socio- logical Review 48(1983): 2, 147-160.
  • Dufour, Christian & Hege, Adelheid. Quelle coordination syndicale des négociations en Europe? Chronique Internationale de l’IRES , No.60, pp.108-117
  • Erne, Roland. European Unions – Labor’s Quest for a Transnational Democracy. Ithaca: Cornell University Press 2008.
  • European Metalworkers’ Federation. The EMF Structure and Areas of Work. EMF EU Policy Seminar for Full-Time Union Officers, Bad Hofgastein 2008.
  • Freeman, Linton, Romney, Kimball & Free- man, Sue. Cognitive Structure and In- formant Accuracy. American Anthropologist 89(1987):2, pp. 311-325.
  • Freyssinet, Jacques. Dialogue Social et Cons- truction Européen. Chronique Interna- tionale de l’IRES, les acteurs sociaux nationaux face a la Construction Euro- péene. October 1998, pp. 5-23.
  • Galbright, Jay R. Designing Complex Orga- nizations. Reading: Addison-Wesley 1973.
  • Gollbach, Jochen. Grenzüberschreitende Ko- ordinierung als Weg zu einer solida- rischen europäischen Gewerkschaftspolitik? Das Beispiel der Tarifpartnerschaft Belgien-Nieder- lande-Nordrhein-Westfalen von Ge- werkschaften der Metallbranche, PhD Dissertation. Oldenburg: Universität Oldenburg 2000.
  • Gulati, Ranjay; Nohria, Nitin & Zaheer, Akbar. Strategic Networks. Strategic Management Journal 21(2000):3, pp. 203-215.
  • Hardin, Russell. Collective Action. Johns Hopkins University Press for Resources for the Future, Baltimore 1982.
  • Haunschild, Pamela R. & Beckman, Chris- tine M. When Do Interlocks Matter? Al- ternate Sources of Information and Interlock Influence. Administration Sci- ence Quarterly 43(1998):4, pp. 815-844.
  • Hickey, Delina. Collaboration, Cooperation and Coordination. Toward a Definition for Educators and Job Trainers.
  • http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/data/e r i c d o c s 2 s q l / c o n t e n t _ s t o - rage_01/0000019b/80/2f/32/66.pdf
  • Jackson, Matthew O. The Stability and Effi- ciency of Economic and Social Net- works. In Sertel, Murat & Koray, Semih (eds.). Advances in Economic Design. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg 2003.
  • Knoke, David & Yang, Song. Social Network Analysis – Second Edition. Sage, Lon- don 2008.
  • Lallement, Michel. Relations Professionelles et Emploi: Du Niveau a la Configura- tion. Sociologie du Travail 2(1998), pp.
  • Leonard, Evelyne ; Rochet, Delphine & Van- denbussche, Isabelle. The Challenges of Enlargement. in Dufresne, Anne; Degryse, Christophe & Pochet, Philippe (eds.). The European Sectoral Social Dialogue – Actors, Developments and Challenges. P.I.E. Peter Lang, Brussels 2006 pp. 305-334.
  • Marsh, David (ed.). Comparing Policy Net- works. Open University Press: Buc- kingham
  • Oliver, Christine. Determinants of Interor- ganizational Relationships: Integration and Future Directions. Academy of Ma- nagement Review 15(1990):2, pp. 241- 265.
  • Olson, Mancur. The Logic of Collective Ac- tion. Public Good and the Theory of Groups. Harvard University Press, Cambridge 1965.
  • Olson, Frayne & Cook, Michael L. Towards a Measurement of Free Riding within Private Collective Action Organizati- ons. Paper presented at American Agri- cultural Economics Association Annual Meeting in Orlando 2008.
  • Pfeffer, Jeffrey & Salancik, Gerald. The Ex- ternal Control of Organizations. A Re- source Dependency Perspective. Harper and Row, New York 1978.
  • Rhodes, Rod A.W. & Marsh, David. New Di- rections in the Study of Policy Net- works. European Journal of Political Research 21(1992):1-2, pp. 181-205.
  • Rhodes, Rod A.W. Policy Networks: A Bri- tish Perspective. Journal of Theoretical Politics 2(1997):2, pp. 293-317.
  • Rogers, Everett & Argawala-Rogers, Rekha. Communication Networks in Organi- zations. in Corman, Steven R; Banks, Stephen P; Bantz, Charles R & Mayer, Michael E (eds.). Foundations of Orga- nizational Communication: A Reader. Longman, White Plains. pp. 333-348.
  • Rokkan, Aksel & Bovik, Arnt. Inter-Firm Cooperation and the Problem of Free Riding Behavior: An Empirical Study of Voluntary Retail Chains. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management 9(2003):5-6, pp. 247-256.
  • Rosenkopf, Lori. Comparing Alliance Net- work Structure Across Industries: Ob- servations and Explanations. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal 1(2007):3-4, pp. 191-209.
  • Routledge, Paul; Nativel, Corinne & Cum- bers, Andrew. Entangled Logics and Grassroots Imaginaries of Global Justice Networks. Environmental Politics 15(2006):5, pp. 839-859.
  • Traxler, Franz; Brandl, Bernd; Glassner, Vera & Ludwig, Alice. Can Cross-Border Bargaining Coordination Work? Analy- tical Reflections on its Feasibility and Evidence From Germany’s and Aus- tria’s Metal Industry. European Journal of Industrial Relations 14(2008):2, pp. 217-237.
  • Vegso, Raymond. Cooperation, Coordina- tion, and Collaboration in Organizati- ons. Canisius College School of Business Administration Press, Buffalo 1986.
  • Walker, Gordon; Kogut, Bruce & Shan,Wei- jian. Social Capital, Structural Holes and the Formation of an Industry Net- work. Organization Science 8(1997):2, pp. 109-125.
  • Wittek, Rafael & Van de Bunt, Gerhard. Or- ganizational Governance, Informal Net- works and Oppositional Solidarity in Organizations. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Socio- logical Association in Atlanta 2003.
  • Wright, Maurice. Policy Community, Policy Network and Comparative Industrial Policies. Political Studies 36(1988):2, pp.
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA24EU57EK
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Patrik Nordın This is me

Publication Date December 1, 2009
Published in Issue Year 2009 Volume: 11 Issue: 6

Cite

APA Nordın, P. (2009). “Membership”, Dependencies And Free Riding In Networks – A Case Study Of The European Metal Sector. ISGUC The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources, 11(6), 73-92.
AMA Nordın P. “Membership”, Dependencies And Free Riding In Networks – A Case Study Of The European Metal Sector. isguc. December 2009;11(6):73-92.
Chicago Nordın, Patrik. “‘Membership’, Dependencies And Free Riding In Networks – A Case Study Of The European Metal Sector”. ISGUC The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources 11, no. 6 (December 2009): 73-92.
EndNote Nordın P (December 1, 2009) “Membership”, Dependencies And Free Riding In Networks – A Case Study Of The European Metal Sector. ISGUC The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources 11 6 73–92.
IEEE P. Nordın, “‘Membership’, Dependencies And Free Riding In Networks – A Case Study Of The European Metal Sector”, isguc, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 73–92, 2009.
ISNAD Nordın, Patrik. “‘Membership’, Dependencies And Free Riding In Networks – A Case Study Of The European Metal Sector”. ISGUC The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources 11/6 (December 2009), 73-92.
JAMA Nordın P. “Membership”, Dependencies And Free Riding In Networks – A Case Study Of The European Metal Sector. isguc. 2009;11:73–92.
MLA Nordın, Patrik. “‘Membership’, Dependencies And Free Riding In Networks – A Case Study Of The European Metal Sector”. ISGUC The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources, vol. 11, no. 6, 2009, pp. 73-92.
Vancouver Nordın P. “Membership”, Dependencies And Free Riding In Networks – A Case Study Of The European Metal Sector. isguc. 2009;11(6):73-92.