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Year 2006, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 68 - 85, 01.06.2006

Abstract

Türkiye’de kadınların çalışma durumuna göre dağılımı incelendiğinde, ücretli ve maaşlı olarak çalışan kadınların oranı %35 iken bu oranının erkekler için %54 olduğu görülmektedir. Kendi hesabına çalışan kadınların oranı sadece %14 olarak kayıt edilirken, ücretsiz aile işçisi olarak çalışan kadınların oranı %51 olarak bulunmuştur (SIS, 2003). Bu sonuçlar, Türk kadınlarının hem kısıtlı iş fırsatları hem de kendi görevleri olarak görülen aile sorumlulukları yüzünden formel sektörde çalışmakta zorluklarla karşılaştığını göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada, tanımlayıcı istatistikler kullanarak kadınların enformel sektörde iş gücüne katılma kararları araştırılmaktadır. Bulgular, 2004 yılı yazı süresince nakış, dokuma ve sepet yapımı gibi zanaat üretiminde ev-eksenli olarak çalışan kadınlar ile yürütülen bir alan çalışmasından elde edilmiştir. Araştırmalarımız, kadınlardan daha çok orta yaşlı, kırsal kesimde yaşayan, düşük eğitimli ve evli olanların bu sektörde çalışmakta olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, bu çalışma kadınların enformel sektörde marjinalize olmalarında düşük eğitim ve “eş ve anne” gibi egemen sosyal durumlarının önemli bir rol oynadığını göstermektedir.

References

  • Beneria Lourdes and Roldan, M. I., (1987), The Crossroads of Class and Gender: Homework, Subcontracting and Household Dynamics in Mexico City,
  • Chicago: University of Chicago press. Berger Marguerite. and Buvinic Myra., (1989), Women’s Ventures: Assistance to the Informal Sector in Latin America, Hartford: Kumarian press.
  • Bulutay Tuncer and Tasti Enver, (2004), “Informal Sector in the Turkish labour market”, Turkish Economic Association Discussion Paper 2004/22, http://www.tek.org.tr.
  • Castells M. and Portes Alejandro, (1989), “World underneath: The origins, dynamics and effects of the informal economy”, in (ed.) A. Portes, M. Castells, and L. Benton, The Informal Economy: Studies in Advanced and Less
  • Developed Countries, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 11-40. Cinar, Mine, (1994), “Unskilled urban migrant women and disguised employment: Home-working women in Istanbul, Turkey, World Development, (3), pp. 369-380.
  • Dignard L. and Havet, J., (1995), Women in Micro and Small Scale Enterprise
  • Development, Boulder: Westview press. Esim Simel. and Sims, M., (2000), “Home-based work in Turkey: Issues and strategies for organizing”, The International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 20(9/10), pp. 95-105.
  • Gallaway, Julie H. and Bernasek, Alexandra, (2002), “Gender and informal sector employment in Indonesia”, Journal of Economic Issues, 36(2), pp. 313
  • Hattatoglu D., and Isik, S. N., 2005, “Ev-Eksenli Çalışma, Küreselleşme ve Örgütlenme, TÜRK-İŞ Dergisi Dosya Eki.
  • ILO, (2002), Women and Men in the Informal Economy: A Statistical Picture,
  • Employment sector, International Labour Organization, Geneva. Kasnakoglu Zehra. and Yayla, M., (1998), “Unrecorded economy in Turkey”, in
  • (ed.), T. Bulutay, Informal Sector (I), Ankara: State Institute of Statistics, Printing Division, pp.49-86. Kau J.and P. H. Rubin, (1981), “The Size of Government,” Public Choice, v.37. pp. 261-74
  • Keles, Rusen, (1998), “City, urbanization and informal sector”, in (ed.), T.
  • Bulutay, Informal Sector (I), Ankara: State Institute of Statistics, Printing Division, pp.1-22. Kocak, Serap, (1999), Gender Discrimination in the Turkish Labour Market,
  • Unpublished PhD Thesis, De Montfort University, England. Moser, Carol, (1984), “The informal sector revisited: Viability and vulnerability in urban development”, Regional Development Dialogue, vol.5, pp. 135-178.
  • Oaks, T., (1992), “Who gets formal sector Jobs?: Determinants of formal –
  • Informal”, Work and Occupations, 19(2), pp. 108-128. OECD, (2006), Employment Outlook, 2005, Statistical Annex, www.oecd.org/dataoecd/36/30/35024561.pdf.26/01/2006
  • Ozar, Semsa, (1998), “The employment aspects of the informal sector”, in
  • (ed.), T. Bulutay, Informal Sector (II), Ankara: State Institute of Statistics, Printing Division, pp. 175-203. Şenyapili, Tansit, (1998), “Changing relational framework in informal sector”, in
  • (ed.), T. Bulutay, Informal Sector (I), Ankara: State Institute of Statistics, Printing Division, pp.87-124. SIS, (2003), 2002 Statistical Yearbook of Turkey, the State Institute of Statistics, Ankara.
  • SIS, (2004), National Action Plan of Turkey-Women, http://www.die.gov.tr/CIN/national-Action-Plan-of-Turkey-women.htm, /08/2004.
  • Tansel, Aysit, (2000), “Wage earners, self employed and gender in the informal sector in Turkey”, ERF Working Paper Series, Working paper 0102, Egypt.
  • TURK-IS, 2006, Kadin Emegi Platformu Komisyon Raporlari, http://www.turk- is.org.tr/icerik/kepkomrap.doc. 26/01/2006
  • World Bank, (1993), Turkey Women in Development, A World Bank Country Study, Washington, D.C.

The Basic Characteristics Of Female Employment In Informal Sector In Turkey: A Case Of Gonen

Year 2006, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 68 - 85, 01.06.2006

Abstract

The employment status of Turkish women indicates that the share of women who works as waged and salaried workers are about 35 percent compared to 54 percent for men. The share of women working as self-employed is recorded at only 14 percent and the share of women working as family contributers is 51 percent (SIS, 2003). Statistics such these show that Turkish women have difficulties to work in formal sector because of both the limited job opportunities and family responsibilities, which are thought to be women’s own duties. In this study, we investigate the basic characteristics of women in informal sector using descriptive but detailed field statistics. We provide evidence from a field survey carried out with home-based women workers engaging artisan production; embroidery, weaving and basket-making in Gonen during the summer of 2004. Our examinations suggest that women who are middle aged, live in rural areas, make significant monetary contribution to family living, do not have enough education and are married participate more in informal sector works in Gonen. We also figured out that women’s lower education and dominant social roles as “wives and mothers” play important role in being marginalized in the informal sector

References

  • Beneria Lourdes and Roldan, M. I., (1987), The Crossroads of Class and Gender: Homework, Subcontracting and Household Dynamics in Mexico City,
  • Chicago: University of Chicago press. Berger Marguerite. and Buvinic Myra., (1989), Women’s Ventures: Assistance to the Informal Sector in Latin America, Hartford: Kumarian press.
  • Bulutay Tuncer and Tasti Enver, (2004), “Informal Sector in the Turkish labour market”, Turkish Economic Association Discussion Paper 2004/22, http://www.tek.org.tr.
  • Castells M. and Portes Alejandro, (1989), “World underneath: The origins, dynamics and effects of the informal economy”, in (ed.) A. Portes, M. Castells, and L. Benton, The Informal Economy: Studies in Advanced and Less
  • Developed Countries, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 11-40. Cinar, Mine, (1994), “Unskilled urban migrant women and disguised employment: Home-working women in Istanbul, Turkey, World Development, (3), pp. 369-380.
  • Dignard L. and Havet, J., (1995), Women in Micro and Small Scale Enterprise
  • Development, Boulder: Westview press. Esim Simel. and Sims, M., (2000), “Home-based work in Turkey: Issues and strategies for organizing”, The International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 20(9/10), pp. 95-105.
  • Gallaway, Julie H. and Bernasek, Alexandra, (2002), “Gender and informal sector employment in Indonesia”, Journal of Economic Issues, 36(2), pp. 313
  • Hattatoglu D., and Isik, S. N., 2005, “Ev-Eksenli Çalışma, Küreselleşme ve Örgütlenme, TÜRK-İŞ Dergisi Dosya Eki.
  • ILO, (2002), Women and Men in the Informal Economy: A Statistical Picture,
  • Employment sector, International Labour Organization, Geneva. Kasnakoglu Zehra. and Yayla, M., (1998), “Unrecorded economy in Turkey”, in
  • (ed.), T. Bulutay, Informal Sector (I), Ankara: State Institute of Statistics, Printing Division, pp.49-86. Kau J.and P. H. Rubin, (1981), “The Size of Government,” Public Choice, v.37. pp. 261-74
  • Keles, Rusen, (1998), “City, urbanization and informal sector”, in (ed.), T.
  • Bulutay, Informal Sector (I), Ankara: State Institute of Statistics, Printing Division, pp.1-22. Kocak, Serap, (1999), Gender Discrimination in the Turkish Labour Market,
  • Unpublished PhD Thesis, De Montfort University, England. Moser, Carol, (1984), “The informal sector revisited: Viability and vulnerability in urban development”, Regional Development Dialogue, vol.5, pp. 135-178.
  • Oaks, T., (1992), “Who gets formal sector Jobs?: Determinants of formal –
  • Informal”, Work and Occupations, 19(2), pp. 108-128. OECD, (2006), Employment Outlook, 2005, Statistical Annex, www.oecd.org/dataoecd/36/30/35024561.pdf.26/01/2006
  • Ozar, Semsa, (1998), “The employment aspects of the informal sector”, in
  • (ed.), T. Bulutay, Informal Sector (II), Ankara: State Institute of Statistics, Printing Division, pp. 175-203. Şenyapili, Tansit, (1998), “Changing relational framework in informal sector”, in
  • (ed.), T. Bulutay, Informal Sector (I), Ankara: State Institute of Statistics, Printing Division, pp.87-124. SIS, (2003), 2002 Statistical Yearbook of Turkey, the State Institute of Statistics, Ankara.
  • SIS, (2004), National Action Plan of Turkey-Women, http://www.die.gov.tr/CIN/national-Action-Plan-of-Turkey-women.htm, /08/2004.
  • Tansel, Aysit, (2000), “Wage earners, self employed and gender in the informal sector in Turkey”, ERF Working Paper Series, Working paper 0102, Egypt.
  • TURK-IS, 2006, Kadin Emegi Platformu Komisyon Raporlari, http://www.turk- is.org.tr/icerik/kepkomrap.doc. 26/01/2006
  • World Bank, (1993), Turkey Women in Development, A World Bank Country Study, Washington, D.C.
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA24JP38SE
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ali Rıza Özdemir This is me

Serap Palaz This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2006
Published in Issue Year 2006 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Özdemir, A. R., & Palaz, S. (2006). The Basic Characteristics Of Female Employment In Informal Sector In Turkey: A Case Of Gonen. ISGUC The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources, 8(2), 68-85.
AMA Özdemir AR, Palaz S. The Basic Characteristics Of Female Employment In Informal Sector In Turkey: A Case Of Gonen. isguc. June 2006;8(2):68-85.
Chicago Özdemir, Ali Rıza, and Serap Palaz. “The Basic Characteristics Of Female Employment In Informal Sector In Turkey: A Case Of Gonen”. ISGUC The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources 8, no. 2 (June 2006): 68-85.
EndNote Özdemir AR, Palaz S (June 1, 2006) The Basic Characteristics Of Female Employment In Informal Sector In Turkey: A Case Of Gonen. ISGUC The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources 8 2 68–85.
IEEE A. R. Özdemir and S. Palaz, “The Basic Characteristics Of Female Employment In Informal Sector In Turkey: A Case Of Gonen”, isguc, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 68–85, 2006.
ISNAD Özdemir, Ali Rıza - Palaz, Serap. “The Basic Characteristics Of Female Employment In Informal Sector In Turkey: A Case Of Gonen”. ISGUC The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources 8/2 (June 2006), 68-85.
JAMA Özdemir AR, Palaz S. The Basic Characteristics Of Female Employment In Informal Sector In Turkey: A Case Of Gonen. isguc. 2006;8:68–85.
MLA Özdemir, Ali Rıza and Serap Palaz. “The Basic Characteristics Of Female Employment In Informal Sector In Turkey: A Case Of Gonen”. ISGUC The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources, vol. 8, no. 2, 2006, pp. 68-85.
Vancouver Özdemir AR, Palaz S. The Basic Characteristics Of Female Employment In Informal Sector In Turkey: A Case Of Gonen. isguc. 2006;8(2):68-85.