SİLİNDİR DEVRE DIŞI BIRAKMA METODU İLE KIVILCIM-ATEŞLEMELİ BİR MOTOR SİSTEMİNDE YAKIT-VERİMLİ EGZOZ ARITMA YÖNETİMİ

Year 2018, Volume: 38 Issue: 2, 87 - 98, 31.10.2018

Hasan Başaran

Abstract

Günümüz karayolu otomotiv motorları genellikle sıkı emisyon yönetmeliklerini karşılamak için egzoz arıtma
sistemlerine gereksinim duyarlar. Bu sistemlerin önemli bir dezavantajı, düşük yüklerde düşük egzoz sıcaklıkları (Tgaz
< 250oC) nedeniyle verimsiz performans göstermeleridir. Geç yakıt enjeksiyonu, egzoz gazı devridaimi ve erken
egzoz valfi açıklığı gibi tipik motor teknikleri egzoz sıcaklığı iyileştirmesi için yakıt tüketimi artışı gerektirmektedir.
Bu çalışma, egzoz sıcaklıklarının düşük yüklerde silindir devre dışı bırakılması (CDA) metodu ile yakıt tasarrufu
sağlayan bir şekilde arttırılabileceğini bir kıvılcımlı-ateşlemeli motor üzerinde göstermektedir. Lotus Motor
Simülasyonu (LES) yazılımı, motor modelinin oluşturulması ve 1500 RPM motor hızı ve bir dizi sabit motor torku
üzerinde (5 Nm'den 25 Nm'ye) motor performans hesabı için kullanılmıştır. CDA modunda, aktif silindirlerin artan
yakıt-hava oranı 110oC'a kadar egzoz sıcaklık artışına neden olmakta (Tegzoz > 250oC) ki bu da düşük yüklerde verimli
egzoz arıtımını sağlamaktadır. Ayrıca, artan ısı transfer oranları ile egzoz arıtım katalizör yatağının ısınması
hızlandırılmaktadır. CDA tekniği, azaltılmış hava endüksiyonu yoluyla motor pompalama kaybında önemli bir
azalmaya sebep olmakta ve bu nedenle yakıt tasarrufu sağlamaktadır. Bununla birlikte, daha düşük hava endüksiyonu
düşük egzoz akış oranına neden olmakta ve bu da bazı yüklerde arıtma sisteminin ısınmasını olumsuz etkilemektedir.

Keywords

Silindir devre dışı bırakma, kıvılcım-ateşlemeli motorlar, yakıt verimliliği, egzoz gazı sıcaklığı, egzoz arıtma yönetimi

FUEL-SAVING EXHAUST AFTER-TREATMENT MANAGEMENT ON A SPARKIGNITION ENGINE SYSTEM VIA CYLINDER DEACTIVATION METHOD

Abstract

Current on-road automotive engines generally require exhaust after-treatment systems to meet the stringent
emission regulations. One major drawback of those systems is their inefficient performance at low loads due to low
exhaust temperatures (Texhaust < 250oC). Typical on-engine techniques such as late fuel injection, exhaust gas
recirculation and early exhaust valve opening require fuel consumption rise for exhaust temperature improvement.
This study demonstrates that exhaust temperatures at light loads can be increased in a more fuel-saving manner via
cylinder deactivation (CDA) method on a spark-ignition (SI) engine. Lotus Engine Simulation (LES) software is used
to build the engine model and predict performance at 1500 RPM engine speed and over a range of constant engine
torques (5 Nm to 25 Nm). In CDA mode, increased equivalence ratio of active cylinders results in up to 110oC
exhaust temperature rise (Texhaust > 250oC) which maintains effective after-treatment at low loads. Also, after-treatment
catalyst bed warm-up is improved through increased heat transfer rates. CDA technique causes a significant reduction
on engine pumping loss through decreased air induction and hence is highly fuel-efficient. However, lower air
induction also causes reduced exhaust flow rate which affects after-treatment warm-up negatively at some loads.
,

Keywords

Cylinder deactivation, spark-ignition engines, fuel efficiency, exhaust gas temperature, exhaust after-treatment management

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