Elektrikli araç sınıflandırması ve lityum iyon pil teknolojilerine ilişkin kapsamlı bilgiler: Uygulamalar, imha ve termal yönetim

Year 2025, Volume: 45 Issue: 2, 230 - 271, 30.10.2025

Pinar Mert Cuce , Gamze Genç , Erdem Cüce , Mustafa Serdar Genç , Emre Alvur , Muhammed Hatem

https://doi.org/10.47480/isibted.1640239

Abstract

Elektrikli araçlar (EV'ler), ulaşım sektöründe sera gazı emisyonlarının azaltılmasında kritik bir çözüm olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Ancak EV'lerin etkinliği ve sürdürülebilirliği, lityum iyon pillerin (LIB'ler) performansı ve çevresel etkisi ile yakından bağlantılıdır. Bu çalışma, pil termal yönetim sistemlerine (BTMS), geri dönüşüm süreçlerine ve büyük ölçekli pil kullanımının çevresel sonuçlarına odaklanarak LIB teknolojilerinin derinlemesine bir incelemesini sağlar. Lityum-iyon, nikel-metal hidrit, kurşun-asit ve metal-hava pilleri de dahil olmak üzere farklı pil türlerini karşılaştırarak avantajlarını, sınırlamalarını ve sürdürülebilirlik ölçümlerini kapsamlı bir tabloda sunuyoruz. Ayrıca, bu çalışma çeşitli soğutma yöntemlerini (hava, sıvı, faz değiştiren malzeme (PCM) ve termoelektrik sistemler) araştırıyor ve bunların pil ömrü, verimlilik ve güvenlik üzerindeki etkilerini vurguluyor. Analiz, pirometalurjik, hidrometalurjik ve doğrudan geri dönüşüm süreçleri gibi geri dönüşüm teknolojilerini araştırarak LIB üretimi ve imhasının çevresel etkilerini de kapsıyor. Akıllı soğutma sistemlerini entegre ederek ve atık yönetimindeki zorlukları ele alarak bu araştırma, literatürdeki önemli bir boşluğu dolduruyor ve EV uygulamalarında LIB verimliliğini, uzun ömürlülüğü ve sürdürülebilirliği artırmak için yenilikçi çözümler sunuyor.

Keywords

Elektrikli araç , Batarya termal yönetim sistemleri , İmha , Yenilikçi soğutma yöntemleri , Atık yönetimi

Comprehensive insights into electric vehicle classification and lithium-ion battery technologies: Applications, disposal, and thermal management

Abstract

Electric vehicles (EVs) have emerged as a critical solution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the transportation sector. However, the effectiveness and sustainability of EVs are closely tied to the performance and environmental impact of lithium ion batteries (LIBs). This study provides an in-depth exploration of LIB technologies, focusing on battery thermal management systems (BTMS), recycling processes, and the environmental consequences of large-scale battery deployment. We compare different battery types, including lithium-ion, nickel-metal hydride, lead-acid, and metal-air batteries, presenting their advantages, limitations, and sustainability metrics in a comprehensive table. Furthermore, this work investigates a variety of cooling methods—air, liquid, phase change material (PCM), and thermoelectric systems—highlighting their effects on battery lifespan, efficiency, and safety. The analysis extends to the environmental impacts of LIB production and disposal, exploring recycling technologies like pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, and direct recycling processes. By integrating intelligent cooling systems and addressing challenges in waste management, this research bridges a crucial gap in the literature, offering innovative solutions to enhance LIB efficiency, longevity, and sustainability in EV applications.

Keywords

Electric vehicle , Battery thermal management systems , Disposal , Innovative cooling methods , Waste management

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