Batı Avrupa’da ortaya çıkan siyasi ve iktisadi gelişmelere ilave uluslararası alanda ortaya
çıkan gelişmelerin etkisiyle XVIII. yüzyılın başlarından itibaren, Osmanlı ve İspanya
devletleri arasında yakınlaşma başladı. XVIII. yüzyılın başında İspanya’da hanedanın el
değiştirmesinin bu yakınlaşmada önemli bir yeri vardır. Tahtın yeni varisleri Osmanlı
Devletiyle antlaşma yapmaya istekliydiler. Osmanlı Devletiyle varılacak bir antlaşma
neticesinde İspanya, doğrudan ticaretin faydalarından yararlanmakla kalmayacak Kuzey
Afrika kıyılarından ticarî aktivitelerine ve kıyılarına karşı gerçekleşen saldırılardan
korunacaktı. Antlaşma, İspanya’nın İslam dünyası ile ekonomik ilişkilerini geliştirecekti.
Uzun uğraşlar sonucu 1782 yılında İspanya ve Osmanlı devletleri arasında bir barış ve
ticaret antlaşması imzalandı. Barış antlaşmasının ardından her iki tarafın birbirlerini
tanıma çabaları başladı. Antlaşma sonrası ortaya çıkan ilk eserler İstanbul’a giden İspanyol
görevliler tarafından kaleme alındı. Bu eserlerden biri Gabriel de Aristizábal’ın 1784
yılında İstanbul’a yaptığı seferde ortaya çıktı. José Moreno bu yolculukta Osmanlı Devleti
hakkında rapor yazmakla görevlendirilmişti. Böylece “1784 Yılında İstanbul’a Seyahat”
başlıklı çalışma kaleme alındı. Eser, III. Carlos’un ve onun Başnazırı Floridablanca’nın
Akdeniz politikalarıyla yakından bağlantılıdır. 1784 Yılında İstanbul’a Seyahat kitabında
yer alan iki ara açıklama bu çalışmanın konusunu teşkil etmektedir. Uluslararası alanda
değişen siyasî ve iktisadî koşullar nedeniyle iki imparatorluğun birbirlerine yakınlaşma
istekleri, birbirlerinden beklentileri ve barış süreciyle ortaya çıkan yeni dönemin Osmanlıİspanya
ilişkilerinde ne gibi sonuçlar doğurduğu konunun sınırları içerisinde ele alınmıştır.
Osmanlı-İspanya ilişkileri Osmanlı-İspanya Barış Antlaşması Osmanlıİspanya Ticaret Anlaşması İstanbul’a seyahat İspanya Osmanlı ekonomisi İstanbul
From the beginning of the 18th century, a rapprochement between the Ottoman and Spanish
empires emerged. In the rupture of the old competition at the beginning of that century, the
new developments in the global arena played an important role. It is not possible to think this
process independent of the political and economic developments of then in the world and in
the Western Europe in particular. Both parties had to accord with the change in international
arena. With the dynastic change in the early 18th century in Spain and Bourbons’ inheriting
the crown, brought new tendencies in foreign policies. The new owners of the throne searched
for the ways to strike a deal with the Islamic World in general and Ottoman Empire in
particular. Among the primary objectives of the Bourbon dynasty was the strengthening of the
administrative and economic structure of the state besides establishing an economic structure
which is not dependent on the silver coming from the colonies in the New World. In order to
enhance the trade and to lessen the dependency of the economy to American silver to develop
friendship with Ottoman Empire and the Islamic World as well as decreasing the influence
of pirates alongside the Mediterranean coasts of the country were crucial. Concluding an
agreement with the Ottoman Empire would not only provide Spain to enjoy the benefits of
direct trade but also get protected from the attacks to its coastal regions and trade activities in
the Northern Africa. This agreement would develop the economic relations with the Islamic
World and bring revival to local and global markets thanks to the safe trading that it would
promote. Wish of Spanish to conclude an agreement with the Ottoman Empire came into
existence during the rule of Carlos III. Carlos III, who achieved a trade agreement with the
Ottomans when he was the king of Naples, also wanted to make a deal when he acceded to the
throne of Spain between the Ottomans and the Spanish. Following huge efforts, the initiative
became successful and a trade agreement was signed in 1782 between Spanish and Ottoman
states. When the agreement put an end to the conflict/competition, both sides came up
with a chance to recognize and understand each other. The information transferred through
ambassadors, spies, captives and via indirect means replaced by the information quoted by
officers, travelers and independent authors who regularly traveled to the Ottoman territories.
The first books following the agreement were written by the Spanish officers in charge who
traveled to Istanbul. The style and the target of the works were closely related with the political
and economic policies of the time. The first of these books emerged in the first journey of
Gabriel de Aristizábal to Istanbul in 1784 which came after the agreement. José Moreno
had been assigned to write a report about the Ottoman state during this journey. So, the
work titled “A Journey to Istanbul in 1784” was completed. The book is quite related with
the Mediterranean policies of Carlos III and his Prime Minister Floridablanca. Therefore, the
subject of this study is how the Ottoman State was defined by the Spanish with respect to the
content of the book “A Journey to Istanbul in 1784”. The desire of the two empires to become
closer to each other due to the changing political and economic conditions in the global
arena, their collateral expectations and the results of the new era for the Ottoman-Spanish
relationships are also going to be treated in this study, respectively
Ottoman-Spanish relations Ottoman-Spanish peace agreement Ottoman- Spanish trade agreement Journey to Istanbul Spain Ottoman economy Istanbul
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Subjects | Political Science |
Journal Section | Articles |
Authors | |
Publication Date | January 15, 2019 |
Published in Issue | Year 2017 Volume: 2 Issue: 2 |