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Başkan Bush ve Obama Dönemleri “İran Nükleer Krizi”: Yaptırım ve Müzakere Arasında Uluslararası Hukukun Rolü

Year 2019, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 49 - 71, 18.10.2019

Abstract

Bu çalışma İran nükleer krizinin çözümüne giden süreçte uluslararası hukukun yaptırım ve
müzakere gücünü tartışmaktadır. Çalışma Başkan Bush ve Obama dönemlerine odaklanmakta
ve bu dönemlerde İran Nükleer Anlaşmasına giden süreci uluslararası hukukun rolü
açısından değerlendirmektedir. Uluslararası hukukun devletleri caydırma hedefine dönük
olarak ne şekilde kullanıldığı sorusuna cevap arayan çalışma, İran Nükleer Anlaşmasına
giden süreçte ABD tarafından uygulanan yaptırımları kırılma noktası olarak almaktadır.
Bu doğrultuda 2010 yılında başlayan ve 2011-2014 yıllarında yoğunlaşan bu yaptırımların
Cenevre Anlaşmasına giden süreci nasıl hızlandırdığını ortaya koyarken, uluslararası hukukun
müzakere ve yaptırım gücü arasında krizleri çözme rolünü ele almaktadır.

References

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  • International Peace Institue, 2010, https://www.ipinst.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/pdfs_koreachapt2.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 04.06.2019).
  • ISIS, 2014, Analysis of IAEA Iran Safeguards Report, http://isis-online.org/uploads/isisreports/documents/ISIS_Analysis_IAEA_Report_7Nov2014-Final.pdf (Erişim Tarihi:05.12.2019).
  • Katzman, K. (2015), Iran: US Concerns and Policy Implicatins, Washington DC, Congressional Research Service, s:16-27.
  • Kazi, R. (2016), India The NSG and the Chinese Impasse, E-International Relations, s:1-3, https://www.e-ir.info/pdf/64799 (Erişim Tarihi: 03.06.2021).
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“Iran Nuclear Crises” in President Bush and Obama Eras: The Role of International Law between Sanctions and Negotiations

Year 2019, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 49 - 71, 18.10.2019

Abstract

This paper discusses the sanctions and negotiation power of international law in the process
leading to the resolution of the Iran nuclear crisis. The study focuses on President Bush
and Obama's term and evaluates the process leading to the Iran Nuclear Deal in this period
in terms of the role of international law. The study, seeking an answer to how international
law used to deter states, takes the sanctions imposed by the USA in the process leading to
the Iran Nuclear Agreement as a breaking point. In this respect, it reveals how these sanctions,
which started in 2010 and intensified in 2011-2014, accelerated the process leading
to the Geneva Agreement while addressing the role of international law in solving crises
between the negotiation and sanctioning power.

References

  • Ataev,N. (2013). “Economic Sanctions and Nuclear Proliferation: The Case Of Iran” In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Economic Policy in Global Markets. Budapest, Hungary.s.25-26.
  • Bahgat, G. (2006), Nuclear Proliferation: The Islamic Republic of Iran, Iranian Studies, Vol 38, No 3, s:307-323.
  • BBC Türkçe, 2013, “Türkiye İran Anlaşmasının Neresinde?”, http://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler/2013/11/131126_iran_turkiye (Erişim Tarihi:10.03.2019).
  • Brzezinski, Z., Gates, R.M. (2004), Iran: Time for a New Approach, Report of an Independent Task Force, Council on Foreign Relations, s:3-8, https://cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/0876093454_content.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 09.06.2019).
  • Cordesman, A., Gold, B., Schulte, C. (2014), Iran: Sanctions, Energy, Arms Control and Regime Change, Center for Strategic and International Studies Report, s: 35-49, https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fspublic/legacy_files/files/publication/140122_Cordesman_IranSanctions_Web.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 07.09.2019).
  • Council on Foreign Relations, 2010, The U.S. India Nuclear Deal, https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/us-india-nuclear-deal (Erişim Tarihi: 04.05.2021).
  • Council on Foreign Relations, 2021, North Korean Nuclear Negotiations, https://www.cfr.org/timeline/north-korean-nuclear-negotiations (Erişim Tarihi: 04.06.2021).
  • Damato, J. (2011), US Strategic Competition with Iran: Energy, Economic Sanctions and Nuclear Issue, Center for Strategic and International Studies, s:26-42.
  • Ekinci, A.C. (2009), Iran Nükleer Krizi, USAK Yayınları, s:57-61.
  • EU Council on Foreign Relations Policy Brief, 2017, Pre-Empting Defeat: In Search of North Korea’s Nuclear Doctrine, s: 2-11, ttps://ecfr.eu/archive/page/-/ECFR-237-In_search_of_North_Koreas_nuclear_doctrine.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 04.05.2019).
  • Evaluacion Riesgo Pais, 2016, Iran: Sanction Relief is First Step in Improving Economy, https://www.credendo.com/es/node/414 (Erişim Tarihi: 06.09.2019).
  • Fite, B., Kasting, N. (2012), US and Iranian Strategic Competition: The Impact of China and Russia, A Report of the CSIS Burke Chair in Strategy, s: 44-46, https://www.csis.org/analysis/us-and-iranian-strategic-competition-impact-china-and-russia (Erişim Tarihi: 07.09.2019).
  • FRED Economic Data, 2020, Crude Oil Exports for Iran, https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/IRNNXGOCMBD (Erişim Tarihi: 06.12.2019).
  • Galmohammadi, V., Imani, P. (2016), The Legitimacy of Economic Sanctions Againts Islamic Republic of Iran in the Light of International Economic Law: Legal Effects and Economic Consequences, Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, Vol 7, No 3, s: 60-70.
  • Hindustan Times, 2015, Will not Sign Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty: Pakistan,https://www.hindustantimes.com/world/will-not-sign-nuclear-non-proliferationtreatypakistan/story-EBrXNq5WWTpTc8VqlwoVKJ.html (Erişim Tarihi: 04.05.2021).
  • IAEA Atoms for Peace, 2014, “Impelementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement and Relevant Provisions of Security Council Resolutions in the Islamic Republic of Iran”, https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/gov2014-28.pdf (Erişim Tarihi:05.12.2019).
  • Ilieva, J. Dashtevski, A. Kokotovic, F. (2018), Economic Sanctions in International Law, Journal of Economics, Vol 9, No 2, s: 201-203.
  • International Atomic Energy Agency, 1959, The Texts of the Agency’s Agreements With The US, http://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/publications/documents/infcircs/1959/infcirc11.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.12.2019).
  • International Atomic Energy Agency, 2003, Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement in the Islamic Republic of Iran, https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/gov2003-69.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 09.10.2019).
  • International Atomic Energy Agency, 2007, IAEA Safety Glossary,https://www-pub.iaea.org/mtcd/publications/pdf/pub1290_web.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 06.09.2019).
  • International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA and Iran: Chronology of Key Events,https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/focus/iran/chronology-of-key-events (Erişim Tarihi: 08.09.2019).
  • International Monetary Fund Country Report, 2014, Islamic Republic of Iran,https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2014/cr1493.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 10.03.2019).
  • International Peace Institue, 2010, https://www.ipinst.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/pdfs_koreachapt2.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 04.06.2019).
  • ISIS, 2014, Analysis of IAEA Iran Safeguards Report, http://isis-online.org/uploads/isisreports/documents/ISIS_Analysis_IAEA_Report_7Nov2014-Final.pdf (Erişim Tarihi:05.12.2019).
  • Katzman, K. (2015), Iran: US Concerns and Policy Implicatins, Washington DC, Congressional Research Service, s:16-27.
  • Kazi, R. (2016), India The NSG and the Chinese Impasse, E-International Relations, s:1-3, https://www.e-ir.info/pdf/64799 (Erişim Tarihi: 03.06.2021).
  • Kaztman, K., Kerr, P., Nikitin, M. (2014), Iran: Interim Nuclear Agreement and Talks on a Comprehensive Accord, Congressional Research Service, s:7-13.
  • Lean, A. (2011), Democracy Promotion, Sanctions and Iran: Obama’s Policy Trade Off, Mount Saint Vincent University, Department of Political Science, Research Project, s:28-36.
  • Macaluso, A. (2014), The Apparent of Iran Sanctions: Iran, Rouhani and the Nuclear Deal, The Hague Institue for Global Justice, Working Paper, s: 10-16, https://www.thehagueinstituteforglobaljustice.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Working-Paper2-Iran-Sanctions_1409326879.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 06.09.2019).
  • Mark Hibbs, 2012, The Unspectacular Future of the IAEA Additional Protocol, http://carnegieendowment.org/2012/04/26/unspectacular-future-of-iaea-additional-protocol (Erişim Tarihi: 10.03.2019).
  • Mazhar, M., Goraya, N. (2014), Geneva Deal: Beginning of a New Era Between Iran-US Relations, Journal of South Asian Studies, Vol 29, No 1, s:73-89.
  • Milani, A. (2010), The Shah’s Atomic Dreams, Foreign Policy, https://foreignpolicy.com/2010/12/29/the-shahs-atomic-dreams/ (Erişim Tarihi: 06.09.2019).
  • Özcan, N., Özdamar, Ö. (2009), Iran’s Nuclear Program and the Future of US-Iranian Relations, Middle East Policy, No 1, s:3-5.
  • Sinkaya, B. (2006), “II. Körfez Savaşı Sonrası Irak’ta Yönetimin Yeniden Tesisi,” M. Şahin ve Taştekin, M. (der.), II. Körfez Savaşı, Ankara, Platin Yayınları, s:20-25.
  • Slemmens E.K. (2010), Developing U.S. Nuclear Weapons Policy and International Law: The Approach of the Obama Administration, University of Florida Faculity Publications, s:25-32.
  • Sundaram, K., Ramana, M.V. (2018), India and the Policy of No First Use of Nuclear Weapons, Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament, Vol 1, No 1, s:152-168.
  • The New York Times, 2015, The ‘Axis of Evil’ Speech, https://www.nytimes.com/video/us/politics/100000004021075/the-axis-of-evil-speech.html (Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2019).
  • The Times of India, 2007, India Dismisses NPT as “flawed” Treaty, https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/rest-of-world/india-dismisses-npt-as-flawedtreaty/articleshow/1799434.cms (Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2019).
  • The White House, 2015, Remarks by the President on the Iran Nuclear Deal, Washington DC, https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/08/05/remarkspresident-iran-nuclear-deal (Erişim Tarihi: 09.06.2019).
  • The White House, 2015, The Iran Deal, https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2015/07/14/iran-deal (Erişim Tarihi: 07.06.2019).
  • United Nations, Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, https://www.un.org/disarmament/wmd/nuclear/npt/text (Erişim Tarihi: 06.09.2019).
  • US Department of Energy, “The History of the Nuclear Energy”, Washington DC, s:4-15, https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/The%20History%20of%20Nuclear%20Energy_0.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2019).
  • US Department of State, Nuclear Agreement With Iran, https://2009-2017.state.gov/p/nea/p5/index.htm (Erişim Tarihi: 09.06.2019).
  • US Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assests Control: Sanctions, Programs and Information, https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/office-of-foreign-assets-controlsanctions-programs-and-information (Erişim Tarihi: 06.09.2019).
  • US Department of the Treasury, The New US Sanctions On Iran, http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Programs/Documents/CISADA_english.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 02.10.2019)
  • Watson Institue for International Studies, The United States and the Iranian Nuclear Program: Policy Options, http://www.choices.edu/resources/twtn/documents/choicestwtn-iran-options.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 03.09.2019).
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Political Science
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Meysune Yaşar This is me

Publication Date October 18, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yaşar, M. (2019). Başkan Bush ve Obama Dönemleri “İran Nükleer Krizi”: Yaptırım ve Müzakere Arasında Uluslararası Hukukun Rolü. Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(2), 49-71.