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Psikoterapinin Temel İlkeleri ve Temel Bileşenleri

Year 2021, Volume: 1 Issue: 6, 136 - 158, 14.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.46628/itbhssj.908609

Abstract

Psikoterapi, kişide var olan uyumsuz duygu, düşünce ve davranışların terapist tarafından bilimsel psikolojik teknik ve yaklaşımlar kullanılarak uyumlu duygu, düşünce ve davranışlara dönüştürme süreci olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu süreç, terapistlerin ve danışanlarının birlikte yürüttükleri ve terapistlerin danışanlara onları anladıklarını, onlara saygı duyduklarını ve yardım etmek istediklerini ilettikleri kişilerarası ve karşılıklı bir terapötik yapıdır. Psikoterapide, terapist danışanı tanımaya, anlamaya, formülize etmeye, danışanın ihtiyaçlarını belirlemeye ve bu ihtiyaçlara uygun müdahaleler geliştirmeye odaklanmaktadır. Tarihsel süreç içinde farklı psikoterapi modelleri geliştirilmiş ve her birinin kendine özgü terapi ilkeleri oluşturulmuşsa da bu modellerin temel ilkeler bazında azımsanmayacak düzeyde ortak noktaları bulunmaktadır. Bu ilkelerden bazıları, vaka formülasyonu, terapötik çerçeve, terapötik ittifak, direnç, aktarım ve karşı aktarım kavramlarıdır. Vaka formülasyonu, terapistin, danışandaki psikolojik, kişilerarası ve davranışsal sorunların nedenleri, tetikleyici ve sürdürücü faktörleri hakkında oluşturduğu hipotez olup tedavi sürecinde yapılması planlanan terapötik müdahaleler için temel bir unsurdur. Terapötik çerçeve, danışan ve terapistin tedavi süresince uyması gereken kuralları ve bu sürecin nasıl işleyeceğine ilişkin bilgileri içeren önemli bir enstrüman ya da kontrattır. Terapötik ittifak, terapist ve danışanın psikoterapi süresince oluşturduğu ve devam ettirdiği iş birliği olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Direnç ise terapötik ilişkinin içinde var olan danışanın sürece katılım açısından isteksizliğine işaret etmektedir. Aktarım, danışanın geçmiş ilişki deneyimleri üzerinden geliştirdiği tutum ve davranışlarının terapist ile ilişkisinde ortaya çıkması iken karşı aktarım ise terapistin danışanın aktarımına aktarımıdır. Çalışmamızda herhangi bir tedavi modeline bağlı kalınmaksızın psikoterapinin temel ilkeleri ve temel bileşenleri ekseninde eklektik bir yaklaşımla bu kavramlar incelenmiştir.

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Year 2021, Volume: 1 Issue: 6, 136 - 158, 14.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.46628/itbhssj.908609

Abstract

References

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  • Arkowitz, H. (2002). Toward an Integrative Perspective on Resistance to Change. Journal of Clinical Psychology, C. 58, s. 219–227.
  • Beck, J. S. (1995). Cognitive Therapy: Basics and Beyond. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Beutler, L. E., Moleiro, C., & Talebi, H. (2002). Resistance/Psychotherapy Relationships That Work: Therapist Contributions and Responsiveness to Patients (Ed. J. C. Norcross). New York: Oxford University Press. s. 129–143.
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  • Derin, G., & Öztürk, E. (2018). Psikotarih Temelli Çocuk Yetiştirme Stillerinin Kuşaklararası Travma Geçişi Açısından İncelenmesi/Turaz Akademi 2018 (Ed. O. Celbiş). 1. Baskı. Ankara: Akademisyen Kitabevi. s. 16-30.
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  • DeRubeis, R. J., Brotman, M. A. & Gibbons, C. J. (2005). A Conceptual and Methodological Analysis of The Nonspecific Argument. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, C. 12, S. 2, s. 174-183.
  • Dewan, M. J., Steenbarger, B. N. & Greenberg, R. P. (2004). The Art and Science of Brief Psychotherapies: A practitioner’s Guide. Washington: American Psychiatric Publishing.
  • Dryden, W., & Neenan, M. (2011). Working with Resistance in Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy: A Practitioner’s Guide. Routledge: East Sussex.
  • Ells, T. D. (2007). History and Current Status of Psychotherapy Case Formulation/Handbook of Psychotherapy Case Formulation (Ed. T. D. Ells). New York: The Guildford Press. s. 3-33.
  • Epstein, L., & Feiner, A. H. (1988). Countertransference: The Therapist's Contribution to Treatment/ Essential Papers on Countertransference (Ed. B. Wolstein). New York: New York University Press. s. 282-303.
  • Everly, G. S. (1993). Psychotraumatology: A Two-factor Formulation of Posttraumatic Stress. Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science, C. 28, S. 3, s. 270-278.
  • Frank, J. D. (1976). Psychotherapy and the sense of mastery/Evaluation of Psychotherapies: Behavioral Therapies, Drug Therapies and Their Interaction (Ed. R. L. Spitzer - D. F. Klein). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. s. 47-56.
  • Freeman, A. (1992). Developing Treatment Conceptualizations in Cognitive Therapy/Casebook of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (Ed. A. Freeman - F. Dattilio). New York: Plenum Press. s. 13–23.
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  • Freud, S. (1953). The Interpretation of Dreams/The Standard Edition of The Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud Strachey (Ed. J. Starchey). London: HogarthPress. Vol. 4-5.
  • Freud, S. (1957). Future Prospects of Psychoanalytic Therapy/The Standard Edition of The Complete Works of Sigmund Freud (Ed. J. Strachey). London: Hogarth. s. 139-151.
  • Gabbard, G. O. (2007). Unconscious Enactments in Psychotherapy. Psychiatric Annals, C. 37, s. 269–275.
  • Gelderman, W. A. (1998). A Study of Transference in The Male to Male Counseling Relationship. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Canada: St. Stephen's College.
  • Gelso, C. J., & Hayes, J. A. (2002). The Management of Countertransference/Psychotherapy Relationships That Work: Therapist Contributions and Responsiveness to Patients (Ed. J. C. Norcross). New York: Oxford University Press. s. 129–143.
  • Gordon, P. (2006). The Therapeutic Frame in The Clinical Context: Integrative Perspectives. Psychodynamic Practice: Individuals, Groups and Organizations, C. 12, S. 1, s. 106-108.
  • Gödeş, M. (2018). Psikoterapide Çerçevenin Önemi. Türkiye Bütüncül Psikoterapi Dergisi, C. 1, S. 2, s. 134-153.
  • Greenberg, J., & Mitchell, S. A. (1983). Object Relations and Psychoanalytic Theory. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Hatcher, R. L., Barends, A., Hansell, J., & Gutfreund, M. J. (1995). Patient's and Therapist's Shared and Unique Views of The Therapeutic Alliance: An Investigation Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis in A Nested Design. Psychoanalysis Quarterly, C. 63, s. 636-643.
  • Heard, H. L., & Linehan, M. M. (1994). Dialectical Behavior Therapy: An Integrative Approach to The Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, C. 4, s. 55–82.
  • Heimann, P. (1950). Countertransference. British Journal of Medical Psychology, C. 33, s. 9-15.
  • Herman, J. (2016). Travma ve İyileşme: Şiddetin Sonuçları Ev İçi İstismardan Siyasi Teröre. İstanbul: Literatür Yayınları.
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There are 83 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Article/Book Translation
Authors

Erdinç Öztürk 0000-0003-1553-2619

Hülya Ayhan 0000-0002-2301-411X

Publication Date July 14, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 1 Issue: 6

Cite

APA Öztürk, E., & Ayhan, H. (2021). Psikoterapinin Temel İlkeleri ve Temel Bileşenleri. Artuklu İnsan Ve Toplum Bilim Dergisi, 1(6), 136-158. https://doi.org/10.46628/itbhssj.908609