Stratejik Kararları Etkileyen Faktörler Üzerine Türk Aile İşletmelerinde Nitel Bir Araştırma

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı Türk aile işletmelerinde stratejik kararları etkileyen faktörlerin neler olduğunu anlamak için bir model ortaya koymak ve stratejik olan bu kararları etkileyen çekirdek fenomeni değerlendirmektir. Bu araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemi desenlerinden biri olan sistematik gömülü teori deseni benimsenmiştir. Çalışmanın araştırma grubunu İstanbul, Ankara ve Mersin illerinde bulunan aile işletmelerinde stratejik karar verme yetkisine sahip olan 2’si kadın 25’i erkek toplam 27 aile üyesi amaçlı örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler MAXQDA programı analiz edilmiş ve toplamda 6 tema altında ele alınarak değerlendirilmiştir. Açık ve eksenel kodlama sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre aile işletmelerinde stratejik kararları etkileyen faktörlerin işletmenin sürdürülebilirliğini sağlama gayreti, aile üyelerinin ekonomik beklentileri, çekirdek ailenin hükmetme arzusu, değerlerin etkisi işletmeyi aile kontrolünde devam ettirme arzusu, girişimcinin güç arzusu ve motivasyonudur. Ayrıca, aile kavramının geniş aileden çekirdek aileye evrildiği; çekirdek ailelerin işletmeyi kendi kontrolünde tutma arzusunun çatışmalara yol açtığı ve stratejik kararların da genellikle bu çatışmaları önlemeye ya da önlenemediği durumlarda yönetmeye yönelik olarak verildiği ortaya konulmuştur.

Keywords

• Aile işletmesi
• stratejik karar
• stratejik kararları etkileyen faktörler
• gömülü teori

A Qualitative Research On Factors Affecting Strategic Decisions In Turkish Family Businesses

Abstract

The aim of this study is to develop a model to understand the factors influencing strategic decisions in Turkish family businesses and to evaluate the core phenomena affecting these strategic decisions. This research adopts a systematic grounded theory design, a qualitative research methodology. The research group consisted of 27 family members (2 women and 25 men) with strategic decision-making authority in family businesses located in Istanbul, Ankara, and Mersin provinces, selected using purposive sampling. The data obtained were analyzed using the MAXQDA program and evaluated under a total of 6 themes. According to the findings obtained from open and axial coding, the factors influencing strategic decisions in family businesses are the effort to ensure the sustainability of the business, the economic expectations of family members, the desire to continue the business under family control, the desire of the nuclear family to dominate, the influence of values, and the entrepreneur's desire for power and motivation. Furthermore, it was revealed that the concept of family has evolved from extended family to nuclear family; that the desire of nuclear families to maintain control of the business leads to conflicts; and that strategic decisions are generally made to prevent these conflicts or, if they cannot be prevented, to manage them.

Keywords

• Family business
• strategic decision
• factors affecting strategic decisions
• grounded theory

References

1. Akça, N. (2010). Aile işletmelerinin tanımı, özellikleri ve aile işletmelerinde kurumsallaşma, Denizli ilinde bir araştırma (Tez No. 286651) [Yüksek lisans tezi, Pamukkale Üniversitesi]. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
2. Alayoğlu, N. (2003). Aile şirketlerinde yönetim ve kurumsallaşma. MÜSİAD Yayınları.
3. Alderson, K. (2015). Conflict management and resolution in family-owned businesses: A practitioner focused review. Journal of Family Business Management, 5(2), 140–156. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFBM-08-2015-0030
4. Astrachan, J. (2010). Strategy in family business: Toward a multidimensional research agenda. Journal of Family, 1(1), 6–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2010.02.001
5. Astrachan, J., & Jaskiewicz, P. (2008). Emotional returns and emotional costs in privately held family businesses: Advancing traditional business valuation. Family Business Review, 21(2), 139–149. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2008.00115.x
6. Astrachan, J., Klein, S., & Smyrnios, K. (2005). The F–PEC scale of family influence: Construction, validation, and further implication for theory. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29(3), 321–339.
7. Beckers, R., Boni, M., Fenton, S., Vad, M., & Casares, J. (2020). Culture in family business. Spencer Stuart.
8. Berrone, P., Cruz, C., & Gomez-Mejia, L. R. (2012). Socioemotional wealth in family firms: Theoretical dimensions, assessment approaches, and agenda for future research. Family Business Review, 25(3), 258–279. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486511435355

9. Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Erkan Akgün, Ö., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2017). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Pegem Akademi.
10. Caputo, A., Marzi, G., Pellegrini, M. M., & Rialti, R. (2018). Conflict management in family businesses: A bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review. International Journal of Conflict Management, 29(4), 519–542. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCMA-02-2018-0027
11. Chittoor, R., & Das, R. (2007). Professionalization of management and succession performance—a vital linkage. Family Business Review, 20(1), 65–79.
12. Chua, J. H., Chrisman, J. J., & Sharma, P. (1999). Defining the family business by behavior. Entrepreneurship and Practice, 23(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879902300402
13. Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2015). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (4th ed.). SAGE.
14. Çırpan, H. (2021). Aile işletmelerinde ilişki yönetimi (Ö. Torlak, Ed.). İstanbul Ticaret Odası Yayınları. European Commission. (2009). Final report of the expert group overview of family-business-relevant issues: Research, networks, policy measures and existing studies. http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/sme/index_en.htm
15. Feudjo, J. R., Kakti, G., & Zogning, F. (2021). Strategic decision-making processes in family businesses: The founding shareholder's power play. Corporate Ownership and Control, 18(3). https://doi.org/10.22495/cocv18i3art12
16. Gedajlovic, E., Carney, M., Chrisman, J. J., & Kellermanns, F. W. (2012). The adolescence of family firm research: Taking stock and planning for the future. Journal of Management, 38(4), 1010–1037. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206311429990
17. Glaser, B., & Strauss, A. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory. Aldine Transaction.
18. Göker, A., & Üçok, T. (2006). Aile işlemeleri ve karar verme süreci, köklü aile işletmelerinde bir uygulama. 2. Aile İşletmeleri Kongresi Kitabı içinde (ss. 45–57). İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi Yayınları.
19. Harms, H. (2014). Review of family business definitions: Cluster approach and implications of heterogeneous application for family business research. Financial Studies, 2(3), 280–314. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs2030280
20. Ibrahim, B., Dumas, C., & Mcguire, J. (2001). Strategic decision making in small family firms: An empirical investigation. Journal of Small Business Strategy (archive only), 12(1), 80–90.
21. Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory—an analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47(2), 263–291. https://doi.org/10.2307/1914185
22. Kallmuenzer, A., Peters, M., & Hora, W. (2018). Strategic decision-making in family firms: An explorative study. European J. of International Management, 12(5/6), 655. https://doi.org/10.1504/ejim.2018.10014765
23. Karpuzoğlu, E. (2020). Aile şirketlerinde stratejik planlama ve aile şirketlerine özgü planlar. Öneri Dergisi, 4(15), 115–124. https://doi.org/10.14783/maruoneri.735498
24. Merriam, S. (2009). Nitel araştırma desen ve uygulama için bir rehber (S. Turan, Çev.; 3. bs). Nobel.
25. Mintzberg, H. (1978). Patterns in strategy formation. Management Science, 24(9), 934–948. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.24.9.934
26. Mintzberg, H. (1983). Power in and around organizations. Prentice Hall.
27. Mohd Nor, L. (2022). Decision making process: A comparison between family business and non-family business in the construction industry the Bayesian causal map [Conference presentation]. 18th Annual High Technology Small Firms Conference. https://doi.org/10.3990/2.268473786
28. Mustakallio, M., Autio, E., & Zahra, S. A. (2002). Relational and contractual governance in family firms: Effects on strategic decision making. Family Business Review, 15(3), 205–222. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741
29. Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice (4th ed.). SAGE.
30. Penney, C., Vardaman, J., Marler, L., & Antin-Yates, V. (2019). An image theory of strategic decision-making in family businesses. Journal of Family Business Management, 9(4), 451–467. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFBM-05-2019-0032
31. Picone, P. M., De Massis, A., Tang, Y., & Piccolo, R. F. (2021). The psychological foundations of management in family firms: Values, biases, and heuristics. Family Business Review, 34(1), 12–32. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486520985630
32. Pimentel, D., Scholten, M., & Couto, J. P. (2018). Fast or slow? Decision-making styles in small family and nonfamily firms. Journal of Family Business Management, 8(2), 113–125. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFBM-02-2017-0007
33. Porter, M. E. (1996). What is strategy? Harvard Business Review.
34. Rädiker, S., & Gizzi, M. C. (2024). The practice of qualitative data analysis research examples using MAXQDA (Vol. 2). MAXQDA Press.
35. Schulze, W. S., Lubatkin, M. H., & Dino, R. N. (2003). Toward a theory of agency and altruism in family firms. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(4), 473–490. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(03)00054-5
36. Stoilkovska, A., Milenkovska, V., & Serafimovic, G. (2013). The influence of family relations on decision making in family businesses. UTMS Journal of Economics, 4(1), 17–26.
37. Thomas, J. (2006). Family presence: Implications for decision-making in family business. https://www.academia.edu/86788903/Family_presence_Implications_for_decision_making_in_family_business
38. Tisue, L. (1999). Facilitating dialogue and decision-making in a family business. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss
39. Yu, X., Liu, T., He, L., & Li, Y. (2023). Micro-foundations of strategic decision making in family business organisations: A cognitive neuroscience perspective. Long Range Planning, 56(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2022.102198
40. Zahra, S. A., & Sharma, P. (2004). Family business research: A strategic reflection. Family Business Review. http://ww.aacsb.edu/members/communities/interestgrps/
41. Zellweger, T. M., Chrisman, J. J., Chua, J. H., & Steier, L. P. (2019). Social structures, social relationships, and family firms. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 43(2 Special Issue), 207–223. https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258718792290