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ULUSLARARASI TAŞIMACILIK KURALLARI: ULUSLARARASI TİCARET RİSK ve KAYIPLARI AZALTMAK İÇİN TAŞIMA BELGELERİNİN DÜZENLENMESİNDE DİKKAT EDİLECEK HUSUSLAR

Year 2020, Volume: 19 Issue: 37, 515 - 534, 01.06.2020

Abstract

Ödeme talebiyle akreditif tahtında ibraz edilen yükleme belgelerinin yüzde 70’i uluslararası standart kurallara ve akreditif şartlarına uygun olmadıkları için ödeme red edilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, söz konusu risk ve kayıpları azaltmak için taşıma belgelerinin, uluslararası standart kurallarına uygun düzenlenmesinde dikkat edilmesi gereken kilit hususları belirlemektir. 2018’de ulaşılabilen SWIFT red mesajları verileri üzerinden akreditif tahtında ibraz edilen ihracat yükleme belgeleri red oranı %41,41 ve ithalat red oranı %30,02 bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak söz konusu risk ve kayıpların azaltılması için ihracatçı, ithalatçı ve taşımacılar, standart uluslararası kurallara uygun taşıma belgesi düzenlenmesinde uluslararası taşıma kurallarının kilit unsurlarına dikkat etmelidir.

References

  • Alavi, H. (2017). Risk Management Techniques and their Application to Documentary Discrepancy in Letter of Credit Transaction. European Journal of Economic Studies, (6), 4-17.
  • Collyer, G. (2015). The guide to documentary credits. IFS School of Finance.
  • ICC Policy statement. (1999). The determination of an "Original" document in the context of UCP 500 subArticle 20(b) Commission on Banking Technique and Practice, 12 July 1999 Document no. 470/871 Rev. 29 July 1999. Retrieved from https://iccwbo.org/content/uploads/sites/3/1999/07/The-determination-of-an-Original-document-in-the-context-of-UCP-500-sub-Article-20b.pdf.
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  • ICC Publication No. 745E. (2013). International Standard Banking Practice, ISBP 745, Paragraphs 137 and 138.
  • ICC Publication No. 745E. (2013). International Standard Banking Practice, ISBP 745, Paragraphs 141 and 142.
  • ICC Publication No. 745E. (2013). International Standard Banking Practice, ISBP 745, Paragraph 160.
  • ICC Thailand. (2002). Examination of documents waiver of discrepancies and notice under UCP500, ICC Thailand, (Retrieved from 15 July 2015) http://www.iccthailand.or.th/article2.asp?id=9
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  • Meral, Y. (2018). Documentary Risk in International Trade. In Strategic Design and Innovative Thinking in Business Operations (pp. 413-431). Springer, Cham.
  • Meral, Y. (2019). Strategic Management to Prevent Money Laundering: The Role of Effective Communication. In Handbook of Research on Global Issues in Financial Communication and Investment Decision Making (pp. 28-49). IGI Global.
  • SITPRO Ltd. (2005). Letters of credit – an introduction, SITPRO Ltd, London. Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20101007172237/http://www.sitpro.org.uk/trade/lettcredintro.pdf
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  • Swift. (2019). Category 7 - Documentary Credits and Guarantees For Standards MT November 2019 Message Reference Guide. Retrieved from https://www.swift.com/resource/category-7-advance-information-0

INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT RULES: KEY POINTS IN ISSUING TRANSPORT DOCUMENTS TO MITIGATE RISKS AND LOSSES IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Year 2020, Volume: 19 Issue: 37, 515 - 534, 01.06.2020

Abstract

70 pct of international trade documents submitted for payment are rejected under letter of credit being not in compliance with international standard rules and letter of credit terms. This study aims to clarify key points in issuing transport documents to mitigate such losses. To find out the refusal rate of Turkey, 2018 swift data were gathered from the sampling banking group. It is found that the average discrepancy rate is 53,45 percent for export and 30,02 percent for import documentation, that is more than 50 percent of the presented documents are not accepted for payments. The exporters, importers and transporters must be aware of the key points of standard international rules and issue documents as per these rules to mitigate such risks and losses.

References

  • Alavi, H. (2017). Risk Management Techniques and their Application to Documentary Discrepancy in Letter of Credit Transaction. European Journal of Economic Studies, (6), 4-17.
  • Collyer, G. (2015). The guide to documentary credits. IFS School of Finance.
  • ICC Policy statement. (1999). The determination of an "Original" document in the context of UCP 500 subArticle 20(b) Commission on Banking Technique and Practice, 12 July 1999 Document no. 470/871 Rev. 29 July 1999. Retrieved from https://iccwbo.org/content/uploads/sites/3/1999/07/The-determination-of-an-Original-document-in-the-context-of-UCP-500-sub-Article-20b.pdf.
  • ICC Publication No. 600E. (2006). ICC Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits UCP 600.
  • ICC Publication No. 600E. (2006). ICC Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits-UCP 600, Article 17.
  • ICC Publication No. 600E. (2006). ICC Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits-UCP 600, Article 19.
  • ICC Publication No. 600E. (2006). ICC Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits-UCP 600, Article 20.
  • ICC Publication No. 600E. (2006). ICC Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits-UCP 600, Article 20 Sub article (a) and Subarticle (v).
  • ICC Publication No. 600E. (2006). ICC Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits-UCP 600, Article 20, Sub-article 20(a)(vi).
  • ICC Publication No. 600E. (2006). ICC Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits-UCP 600, sub-article 20(b).
  • ICC Publication No. 600E. (2006). ICC Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits-UCP 600, sub-article 20(c)(i).
  • ICC Publication No. 600E. (2006). ICC Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits-UCP 600, sub-article 20(d).
  • ICC Publication No. 600E. (2006). ICC Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits-UCP 600, Article 21.
  • ICC Publication No. 600E. (2006). ICC Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits-UCP 600, Article 22.
  • ICC Publication No. 600E. (2006). ICC Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits-UCP 600, Article 23.
  • ICC Publication No. 600E. (2006). ICC Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits-UCP 600, Article 24.
  • ICC Publication No. 600E. (2006). ICC Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits-UCP 600, sub-article 24(a)(ii).
  • ICC Publication No. 745E. (2013). International Standard Banking Practice, ISBP 745, Paragraph 91, 92.
  • ICC Publication No. 745E. (2013). International Standard Banking Practice, ISBP 745, Paragraph 94.
  • ICC Publication No. 745E. (2013). International Standard Banking Practice, ISBP 745, Paragraph 96.
  • ICC Publication No. 745E. (2013). International Standard Banking Practice, ISBP 745, Paragraph 97.
  • ICC Publication No. 745E. (2013). International Standard Banking Practice, ISBP 745, Paragraphs 98-100.
  • ICC Publication No. 745E. (2013). International Standard Banking Practice, ISBP 745, Paragraph 104.
  • ICC Publication No. 745E. (2013). International Standard Banking Practice, ISBP 745, Paragraphs 134 and 135.
  • ICC Publication No. 745E. (2013). International Standard Banking Practice, ISBP 745, Paragraphs 137 and 138.
  • ICC Publication No. 745E. (2013). International Standard Banking Practice, ISBP 745, Paragraphs 141 and 142.
  • ICC Publication No. 745E. (2013). International Standard Banking Practice, ISBP 745, Paragraph 160.
  • ICC Thailand. (2002). Examination of documents waiver of discrepancies and notice under UCP500, ICC Thailand, (Retrieved from 15 July 2015) http://www.iccthailand.or.th/article2.asp?id=9
  • Mann, R. J. (2000). The role of letters of credit in payment transactions. Michigan Law Review, 2494-2536.
  • Meral, Y. (2018). Documentary Risk in International Trade. In Strategic Design and Innovative Thinking in Business Operations (pp. 413-431). Springer, Cham.
  • Meral, Y. (2019). Strategic Management to Prevent Money Laundering: The Role of Effective Communication. In Handbook of Research on Global Issues in Financial Communication and Investment Decision Making (pp. 28-49). IGI Global.
  • SITPRO Ltd. (2005). Letters of credit – an introduction, SITPRO Ltd, London. Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20101007172237/http://www.sitpro.org.uk/trade/lettcredintro.pdf
  • SITPRO Ltd. (2003). Report on the use of export letters of credit2001/2002, SITPRO London.
  • Swift. (2019). Category 7 - Documentary Credits and Guarantees For Standards MT November 2019 Message Reference Guide. Retrieved from https://www.swift.com/resource/category-7-advance-information-0
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Yurdagül Meral

Publication Date June 1, 2020
Submission Date December 2, 2019
Acceptance Date January 13, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 19 Issue: 37

Cite

APA Meral, Y. (2020). INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT RULES: KEY POINTS IN ISSUING TRANSPORT DOCUMENTS TO MITIGATE RISKS AND LOSSES IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(37), 515-534.