THE PHILOSOPHICAL UNDERPINNINGS OF THE CHANGE OF THE RUSSIAN FOREIGN POLICY: AN IMPERIAL RESPONSE TO THE NATO ENLARGEMENT IN THE BALTICS

Year 2020, Volume: 19 Issue: 37, 619 - 633, 01.06.2020

Uğur Yasin Asal , Furkan Terzi

Abstract

Russian Federation is forced to be efficient power in the new international system after the resolution of the USSR Russian Federation is one of regional actor when it considered with her economic, political and military parameters, is now stimulating to be a global power in Vladimir Putin’s presidency. This transformation is also reflecting itself through the Federation’s foreign and security policies towards to Baltic States. Thus, the foreign and security policy approaches of the Russian Federation become proactive after the EU and the NATO accession of the Baltic States. The theoretical tenets of the change of the foreign policy of the Russian Federation in the Baltic countries are analysed in this study, in the perception of security, regional power balances and political economy dynamics.

Keywords

Russian Federation, Foreign Policy, Baltic States, NATO and the EU

RUS DIŞ POLİTİKASINDA DEĞİŞİMİN FELSEFİ TEMELLERİ: NATO GENİŞLEMESİNE YÖNELİK BALTIKLAR’DA BİR İMPARATORLUK TEPKİSİ

Abstract

Rusya Federasyonu, Sovyetler Birliği’nin dağılmasının ardından oluşan yeni uluslararası sistemde yeniden etkin bir güç olma çabası içerisindedir. Ekonomik, siyasal ve askeri güç parametreleri ile değerlendirildiğinde bölgesel bir güç olan Rusya Federasyonu, Vladimir Putin’in başkanlığında küresel güç statüsüne evirilmektedir.. Rusya Federasyonu’nun geçirmiş olduğu bu yapısal dönüşüm Baltık ülkeleri ile olan dış politika ve güvenlik ekseninde de karşılığını bulmaktadır. Rusya Federasyonunun söz konusu dış politika ve güvenlik yaklaşımı, Baltık ülkelerinin AB ve NATO üyelikleri sonrası pro-aktif bir yapıya bürünmüştür. Bu çalışmada Rusya Federasyonu’nun Baltık ülkeleri dış politikasında yaşanan değişimin teorik esasları, dış politika, güvenlik ve bölgesel güç dengeleri ışığında analiz edilmektedir.

Keywords

Rusya Federasyonu, Dış Politika, Baltık Ülkeleri, NATO ve AB

References

• Arı, T., (2004), Uluslararası İlişkiler Teorileri, İstanbul, Alfa Yayınları.
• Agrell, W., (1986), “The Baltic and Scandinavia-The Implications of Changes in Military Strategy”, Current Resarch on Peace and Violence, 9, 43-53.
• Aktürk, Ş., (2012, Yaz), “NATO Neden Genişledi? Uluslararası İlişkiler Kuramları Işığında NATO’nun Genişlemesi ve ABD-Rusya İç Siyaseti”, Uluslararası İlişkiler, 9, 73-97.
• Aydın, E., (2019, Mart), “AB’nin Güvenliği ve Türkiye’nin Rolü: NATO Füze Kalkanı”, Avrasya Uluslararası Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7, 719-795.
• Bebler, A., (2015, Mart), “Crimea and the Russian-Ukrainian Conflict”, Romanian Journal of European Affairs, 15, 35-54.
• Black, J. L., (1999, Bahar), “Russia and NATO Expansion Eastward: Red-Lining the Baltic States”, International Journal, 54, 249-266.
• Blank, J. S. ve Rubinstein, Z. A., (1997), Imperial Decline Russia’s Changing Role in Asia, ABD, Duke Uni. Press.
• Booth, K. ve Herrin, E., (1994), Keyguide to İnformation Sources in Strategic Studies. Londra, Mansell Publishing.
• Bremmer, I., (1999, Yaz), “Russia's Total Security”, World Policy Journal, 16, 31-39.
• Browning, C. S., (2003, Kasım-Aralık), “The Internal/External Security Paradox and the Reconstruction of Boundaries in the Baltic: The Case of Kaliningrad”, Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, 28, 545-581.
• Caşın, M. H., (2006), Novgorad Knezliği'nden XXI. Yüzyıla Rus İmparatorluk Stratejisi, İstanbul, Okumuş Adam Yayınları.
• Clemens, C. W., (1991), Baltic Independence and Russian Empire. ABD, St. Martin's Press.
• Clemmesen, M. H., (2003), “The New NATO and the Security of the Alliance Periphery States”, Baltic Defence Review, 10, 11-16.
• Cristi, R., (1998), Carl Schmitt and Authoritarian Liberalism, Wales, University of Wales.
• Digol, D., (2009), “Right or Wrong: Debate in Russia on Conflict in Georgia”, Security and Peace, 27, 112-120.
• Geron, L., (1991, Ağustos-Eylül), “Roads to Baltic Independence”, The World Today 47, 135-138.
• Grant, T., (2015, Ocak), “Annexation of Crimea”, The American Journal of International Law, 109, 68-95.
• Goldstein, A., (2000), Deterrence and Security in the 21st Century, ABD, Stanford Uni. Press.
• Herd, G., (1999, Aralık), “Competing for Kaliningrad” The World Today, 55, 7-8.
• Herd, G. ve Flesch, D., (2008, Kış), “The Georgia Crisis: Implications for the Partnership for Peace”, Partnership for Peace Consortium of Defense Academies and Security Studies Institutes, 8, 1-10.
• Hyman, A., (1993, Kasım), “Russians Outside Russia”, The World Today, 49, 205-208.
• Isakova, I., (2009), Russian Governance in the Twenty-First Century Geostrategy, Geopolitics and Governance, İngiltere, Frank Cass.
• Kapustin, B. ve Klyamkin, I. (Ed) Bugeuli, N. G., (1997), Russia in Transition: Left, Right or Center?, ABD, Nova Science Pub.
• Kupchan, C., (2000, Ağustos), “The Origins and Future of NATO Enlargement”, Contemporary Security Policy, 21, 127-148.
• Kydd, A., (2001, Bahar), “Trust Building, Trust Breaking: The Dilemma of NATO Enlargement”, International Organization, 55, 801-828.
• Leahy, A., (2000, Kış), “Putin's Russia”, International Journal, 55, 633-646.
• Lieven, A., (1995, Ekim), “Russian Opposition to NATO Expansion”, The World Today 51, 196-199.
• Lieven, A., (1996, Haziran), “Baltic Iceberg Dead Ahead: NATO Beware”, The World Today 52, 175-179.
• Moll, A. J., (2004), “The Transatlantic Security Rift and Its Implications for Baltic Security”, Baltic Defence Review 11, 65-80.
• Nolte, H., (2004) “The Modern World-System and Area Studies: The Case of Russia”, Review (Fernand Braudel Center), 27, 207-242.
• Onay, Y., (2008), Rus Stratejisinin Mimarları, İstanbul, İlgi Kültür Sanat Yay.
• Pakaluk, M. (Ed) Wolfe C. ve Hittinger., (1994), Liberalism at the Crossroads An Introduction to Comtemporary Liberal Political Theory and its Critics, Londra, Rowman and Littlefield.
• Pick, W. F., (1945), The Baltic Nations Estonia Latvia and Lithuania, Londra, Boreas Publishing.
• Pipes, R., (2005), Russian Conservatism and Its Critics A Study in Political Culture, ABD, Yale Uni. Press.
• Plakans, A., (2011), A Concise History of The Baltic States, İngiltere, Cambridge Uni. Press.
• Rasmussen, B. S., (2004), “Estonian Security Perceptions in the Context of EU Enlargement: A Critical Discussion”, Baltic Defence Review, 11, 154-173.
• Schmitt, C., (2002), Siyasi İlahiyat; Egemenlik Kuramı Üzerine Dört Bölüm, Ankara, Dost Kitapevi.
• Smith, G., Law, V., Wilson, A., Bohr, A. ve Allworth E., (1998), Nation-Building in the Post-Soviet Borderlands The Politics of National Identities. İngiltere, Cambridge Press.
• Sullivan, M. P., (2001), Theories of International Relations Transition vs. Persistence, İngiltere, Palgrave.
• Tellal, E., (2007), “Zümrüdüanka: Rusya Federasyonu’nun Dış Politikası”, Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 65, 189-236.
• Timberlake, C. E., (1972), Essays on Russian Liberalism, ABD, Missouri Press.
• Vanags, A., (2011, Mart), “Economic Integration and Cohesion in The Baltic Sea Region: A Critical Perspectıve from the Baltic States”, Journal of Baltic Studies, 42, 91-102.
• Vasquez, J. A. ve Elman, C., (2003), Realism and the Balancing of Power, ABD, Prentice Hall.
• Veebel, V., ve Markus, R., (2018), “The Bust, The Boom and The Sanctions in Trade Relations with Russia, Journal of International Studies, 11, 9-20.
• Zehfuss, M, (2002), Constructivism in International Relations The Politics of Reality, İngiltere, Cambrige Press.