Research Article
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ESG Performance and Corporate Default Risk: Do Countries’ Shareholder Protection Levels Affect This Relationship?

Year 2024, Volume: 23 Issue: 49, 1544 - 1570, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.46928/iticusbe.1472876

Abstract

This paper explores the nexus between environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance and corporate default risk. Employing a panel dataset from 1,094 non-financial companies in 21 nations in Europe, corresponding to 9,522 firm-year observations, and using fixed effects estimations, we empirically demonstrate that corporations with higher ESG scores tend to have lower firm default risk. Among the three categories of the ESG score, both the social and the environmental categories participate in this significant association. Moreover, our study presents novel evidence that within ESGs’ ten subcategories, resource use, product responsibility, emissions, human rights, workforce, and CSR strategy significantly reduce firm default risk. Furthermore, country-level shareholder protection moderates the linkage between default risk and ESG performance, such that the negative impact of ESG on default risk is lower for corporations located in nations with higher shareholder protection. Hence, if the countries’ shareholder protection levels are high, stronger ESG would decrease firm default risk by a lesser amount than countries with lower shareholder protection levels. Our findings are robust to alternate variable measurements and alternate methodologies, capturing endogeneity issues.

References

  • Albuquerue, R., & Wang, N. (2008). Agency conflicts, investment, and asset pricing. The Journal of Finance, 63(1), 1-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2008.01309.x
  • Altman, E. I. (1968). Financial ratios, discriminant analysis and the prediction of corporate bankruptcy. The Journal of Finance, 23(4), 589-609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1968.tb00843.x
  • Anderson, E. W., & Mansi, S. A. (2009). Does customer satisfaction matter to investors? Findings from the bond market. Journal of Marketing Research, 46(5), 703-714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.46.5.703
  • Atif, M., & Ali, S. (2021). Environmental, social and governance disclosure and default risk. Business Strategy and the Environment, 30(8), 3937-3959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bse.2850
  • Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99-120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
  • Becchetti, L., & Sierra, J. (2003). Bankruptcy risk and productive efficiency in manufacturing firms. Journal of Banking & Finance, 27(11), 2099-2120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4266(02)00319-9
  • Bhojraj, S., & Sengupta, P. (2003). Effect of corporate governance on bond ratings and yields: The role of institutional investors and outside directors. The Journal of Business, 76(3), 455-475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/344114

ÇSY Performansı ve Kurumsal Temerrüt Riski: Ülkelerin Hissedar Koruma Düzeyleri Bu İlişkiyi Etkiler mi?

Year 2024, Volume: 23 Issue: 49, 1544 - 1570, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.46928/iticusbe.1472876

Abstract

Bu makale çevresel, sosyal ve kurumsal yönetişim (ÇSY) performansı ile firma temerrüt riski arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. 21 ülkede yer alan 1,094 finansal olmayan firmadan alınan 9,522 firma yılı gözlemini içeren bir panel veri setini kullanarak, daha güçlü ÇSY performansına sahip olan firmaların daha düşük firma temerrüt riskine sahi olma eğiliminde olduklarını ampirik olarak göstermekteyiz. ÇSY skorunun üç ayrı bölümünden çevresel ve sosyal skorlar bu anlamlı ilişkiye katkıda bulunmaktadır. Çalışmamız, ÇSY puanının on alt kategorisi içinde emisyonlar, kaynak kullanımı, ürün sorumluluğu, insan hakları, işgücü ve kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk stratejisinin firma temerrüt riskini önemli ölçüde azalttığına dair yeni kanıtlar sunmaktadır. Ayrıca, ülkelerin hissedarlarını koruma seviyesi, ÇSY performansı ile temerrüt riski arasındaki bağlantıda moderatör rolü üstlenir; öyle ki, ÇSY performansının temerrüt riski üzerindeki azaltıcı etkisi, daha yüksek hissedar korumasına sahip ülkelerde bulunan firmalar için daha düşüktür. Dolayısıyla, eğer ülkelerin hissedar koruma seviyeleri yüksekse, daha güçlü ÇSY performansı firma temerrüt riskini hissedar koruma seviyeleri düşük olan ülkelere göre daha az miktarda azaltacaktır. Alternatif değişken ölçümleri ve içsellik sorunlarını da yakalayan alternatif metodolojiler kullanıldığında da bulgularımızın sağlam olduğu gözlemlenmektedir.

References

  • Albuquerue, R., & Wang, N. (2008). Agency conflicts, investment, and asset pricing. The Journal of Finance, 63(1), 1-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2008.01309.x
  • Altman, E. I. (1968). Financial ratios, discriminant analysis and the prediction of corporate bankruptcy. The Journal of Finance, 23(4), 589-609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1968.tb00843.x
  • Anderson, E. W., & Mansi, S. A. (2009). Does customer satisfaction matter to investors? Findings from the bond market. Journal of Marketing Research, 46(5), 703-714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.46.5.703
  • Atif, M., & Ali, S. (2021). Environmental, social and governance disclosure and default risk. Business Strategy and the Environment, 30(8), 3937-3959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bse.2850
  • Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99-120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
  • Becchetti, L., & Sierra, J. (2003). Bankruptcy risk and productive efficiency in manufacturing firms. Journal of Banking & Finance, 27(11), 2099-2120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4266(02)00319-9
  • Bhojraj, S., & Sengupta, P. (2003). Effect of corporate governance on bond ratings and yields: The role of institutional investors and outside directors. The Journal of Business, 76(3), 455-475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/344114
There are 7 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Finance
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Seda Bilyay-erdoğan 0000-0001-6701-4448

Publication Date June 30, 2024
Submission Date April 24, 2024
Acceptance Date May 13, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 23 Issue: 49

Cite

APA Bilyay-erdoğan, S. (2024). ESG Performance and Corporate Default Risk: Do Countries’ Shareholder Protection Levels Affect This Relationship?. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 23(49), 1544-1570. https://doi.org/10.46928/iticusbe.1472876