Notes for Authors

All articles should have an Abstract, Introduction, main section(s), Conclusion, and References. The e-mail address(es) of the author(s) should be given on the cover page and under the title of the article before the Abstract. The cover page should be added after the referee processes are completed.
The Journal publishes scholarly articles in Turkish and English classified as Research, Theoretical and Review articles. When determining the type of article, the authors are expected to pay attention to the following distinction: Research articles are mostly empirical articles that systematically apply a certain scientific method by addressing a clearly stated problematic and present new and original findings. Theoretical articles are drawn from a conceptual model or framework, have a theoretical grounding and/or present different theoretical approaches. Review articles, on the other hand, are articles that analyze existing research on primary sources, usually in the form of a critical evaluation of studies on a particular topic. Manuscripts should be between 6,000 and 10,000 words including references.
Considering the important role of language in the transmission of thoughts, authors are expected to proofread their manuscripts in terms of grammar before submission.
The other issue we are concerned about is the use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools, which are becoming increasingly prevalent in our lives. It is important to note that these tools could be used at certain stages of the research process in a way that does not substitute the original contribution of the researcher. The researcher is primarily responsible for ensuring that this use is free from factual errors, fabricated sources and the production of biased/false information, and thus potential ethical violations. It is considered plagiarism if all or a certain part of the articles are generated by AI tools. Some plagiarism detection programs may also indicate the possibility that the text was AI-generated. In such a dubious case, in accordance with the Journal's policy, the articles are returned to the authors. Translation of an entire text into English with AI is also considered in this regard by the Journal. If tools that provide English language control are used, these should be indicated. Information about when and in which part or stage of the study this tool is used, and its version should be provided. The use of texts and images produced by AI tools also carries ethical risks. Data source, permission to use, intellectual property rights, data confidentiality, data reliability and data bias are important topics that authors should pay attention to in this context.

Guidelines for Writing

The text should be written in Times New Roman font, 10 pt, justified, 1.5 line spacing, with paragraph values of 6pt before and after, without indentation.
In-text citations should be cited using APA 7th edition style (https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations). Direct quotations exceeding 40 words should be indented 1.25 from right and left starting from a new line, with a line spacing of 1.15, without double quotation marks.
Although APA 7th edition does not require page numbers in citations when you paraphrase, it states that page numbers may be given depending on the interest of the audience of an academic journal. Accordingly, as the Editorial Board, we consider it necessary to give page numbers in both direct and indirect references, except for general references for the work.
In addition to primary sources, secondary sources may be used when the original source cannot be accessed (for example, if it is out of print, available only in a foreign language, or otherwise inaccessible). In that case, an entry for the secondary source that you used must be provided in the reference list.
Example:
(Freud, 1900, as cited in Yılmaz, 2021)
In academic writing, priority should be given to primary sources, and indirect citation should be preferred.
According to APA 7th edition, footnotes should be included as little as possible in the text, but there may be situations where they are deemed necessary. In these cases, footnotes should be written in 7.5 font size.
If the manuscript is derived from a thesis, presented as a conference paper and/or included in the abstract book, this should be indicated as a footnote on the cover page.

Headings
Appropriate heading can be made at different levels if required by the study. If there is only one subheading in a section, this subheading should be removed. Headings should not be labeled by numbers and letters. The abbreviations should not be used in headings.

Sections
The Journal is open to various disciplines of Social Sciences and hence studies based on different philosophical and methodological traditions are welcomed. To accommodate this diversity as a richness, but at the same time to develop a uniform practice in terms of form, we suggest that manuscripts be organized within the following sections. Of course, subheadings may vary depending on the disciplines and methodologies.

Introduction
The purpose of this section is to provide the reader with general information about the article. A general introduction to the subject should be made. Sentences should be written in a clear and fluent language, the subject of the study should be stated, the research question/problem, the purpose of the study and its contribution to the field should be presented. Information about the data/methods used should be given. Figures or tables should not be used in the introduction.

Conceptual and Theoretical Framework
In this section, conceptual and theoretical discussions can be included within the scope of the study. Literature review should be presented in support of the study.

Method
In this section, the method of the research should be elaborated in the following points:
- Research Design/Model/Type
- Universe-Sample/Research Group
- Data Collection Tools
- Data Collection/Processing
- Data Analysis

Findings
Figures and tables used to present the findings should be numbered sequentially. When citing figures and tables, it should be ensured that the first instance of referring to them occurred before the presentation of the figure or table. Attention should be paid to the style of citation. See the Template for examples of tables and figures.

According to the APA 7th edition writing guidelines, mathematical equations used in scientific studies should be presented on a separate line, centered, and numbered if they are important. The equation number should be placed in parentheses on the right-hand side of the equation. In addition, explanations of the equation components should be provided immediately below the equation in a clear and systematic manner. In academic studies prepared in Microsoft Word, equations should be written using Word’s “Insert Equation” feature rather than inserted as screenshots or images. This approach ensures both editability and compliance with academic writing standards.

Conclusion
Authors are expected to consider how the findings can be interpreted from the perspective of previous studies. The implications of the findings should be discussed clearly. Suggestions for future research can also be emphasized in this section.

Acknowledgements
This section is optional. If the authors wish to acknowledge individuals or institutions that contributed to the development of the study, they should be mentioned here. For example:
“The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to all individuals and institutions who contributed to the preparation of this study. Special thanks are extended to [name of the person or institution] for their valuable guidance and constructive feedback.”
If the research was supported by any organization or funding body, this must be clearly stated.
Example:
“This research was supported by [institution name, project number].”

Declaration of Interest
The authors declare that they have no known financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this paper.
If the authors have any financial interests or personal relationships that could be considered potential conflicts of interest, they should be clearly stated here.

Ethical Approval

If the study does not require ethics committee approval, it should be stated as in the example below:

Ethics committee approval is not required for this study, as the research did not involve data collection from human participants or animals, did not include any experimental intervention, and was conducted using publicly available secondary sources (for example: document analysis only / use of publicly available institutional reports / absence of surveys or observations).
If the study requires ethics committee approval, please provide the following information clearly:
• Name of the institution granting approval (e.g., “Ethics Committee of Istanbul Ticaret University”)
• Decision number and date (e.g., “Decision No: 2025/14, Date: March 12, 2025”)
• A brief explanation of the approval document, if applicable

References
All the works cited in the text should be included in the reference list according to APA 7th edition referencing style. Each reference should be written as a single paragraph, justified on both sides. References should be listed alphabetically according to the surname of the first author. For references without an author, the order is based on the title of the reference. A 1,25 cm hanging indent should be applied to the whole reference list. The citation formats of major source types according to the APA 7th edition reference style are presented in the Template. For source types not listed there, please refer to the official APA Style guidelines: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references.

Note: Authors are required to check the conformity of their manuscripts with the article template of our journal before submission. Please see the Article Template at the bottom right corner of the home page.

The information in the Template must be filled in completely. ORCID and ResearchID numbers should be added inside the icons (by right-clicking on the icon: edit hyperlink tab, authors should add their own ORCID numbers instead of xxxx in the Address section (http://orcid.org/xxxx)).

The data in the submission page must be compatible with the content of the article.