Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

İspanya'da Mudéjar Mimarisinin Kimliği ve Üslup Özelliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2022, , 1651 - 1670, 30.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1093337

Abstract

İber Yarımadası, İslam, Hıristiyan ve Yahudi toplumlarının karşılaşma bölgesi olması itibariyle zengin bir kültür sanat geçmişine sahiptir. Kuzey Afrika yolunu kullanarak 711'den itibaren İber Yarımadası’na gelen çeşitli İslami gruplar farklı tarih aralıklarında bu coğrafyada hüküm sürerler. İber Yarımadası’nda 11.yy'dan başlayarak Katolik krallıkların yeniden toprakları almaya dönük saldırıları başlar. Kademeli bir biçimde İslamiyet'in zamanla bu topraklar üzerinde kurduğu politik üstünlük sonlandırılır. Mudéjar/Mudéjar Mimarisi bu süreç zarfında İber Yarımadası'nda, Katolik krallıkların bölgeyi ele geçirmeleriyle ortaya çıkmaya başlar. İspanya'da bir müddet yaşamasına izin verilmiş Müslüman nüfus Mudéjar/Mudéjar olarak tanımlanırken, üretmiş oldukları sanat eserleri de Mudéjar Üslubu/Mudéjar Sanatı olarak anılır. Mudéjar Sanatı’nın kullanıcısı sadece Müslümanlar değildir, zira Hıristiyan, Yahudi nüfusun bu sanatı büyük bir beğeni ile uyguladığı ve uygulattığı günümüze ulaşan maddi kültür varlıkları üzerinden takip edilebilmektedir. İlgili sanat bünyesinde çoğunlukla İslami ve Hıristiyan Sanatı’nın önde gelen formlarını aynı yapı ölçeğinde bir araya getirir. Bu yapıların sayısı o kadar fazla boyutlara ulaşır ki Mudéjar dokunuş başlı başına bazen kentleri belirleyen bir tarihsel olgu haline gelir. Bu bağlamda Mudéjar Sanatı’nın İslami bir kaynaktan doğmakla birlikte bir harç gibi farklı kültürleri bağlayıcı, bir araya getirici özellikleri olduğu ifade edilebilir. Bu çalışma, İber Yarımadası’nda gelişen Mudéjar Mimarisi’nin kaynaklarını ve özelliklerini ortaya koyarak bir dönemin kültürel çeşitliliğinin anlaşılmasını sağlamakta. Son olarak çalışma, Mudéjar Sanatı’nın sanat ve mimarlık tarihinde hangi sanat başlığı altında sınıflandırılması gerektiğini yeni bir yaklaşım olarak açığa kavuşturmayı hedeflemektedir.

References

  • Balfour, S. , (2000). “Spain from 1931 to the Present”, A history of Spain, edit. Raymond Carr, Oxford University Press, Oxfords.
  • Barrucand M. , Bednorz, A. (1992). Moorish Architecture in Andalusia, Taschen Publishers, Italy.
  • Barton, S. (2009). A History of Spain, Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
  • Borrás Gualis, G.M. (1996).” Introducción” El Arte Mudéjar, edit. Gonzalo Borrás Gualis. Iber Caja, Zaragoza.
  • Borrás Gualis, G. M. (1990). El Arte Mudejar. Instituto de Estudios Turolenses, Teruel.
  • Collins, R. A. (1994)History of Spain: The Arab Conquest of Spain 710-797, Blackwell Publishing, U.K
  • Crites, D.A. (2010). From Mosque to Cathedral: The Social and Political Significations of Mudéjar Architecture in Late Medieval Seville, (University of Iowa Ph.D dissertation,), U.S.A.
  • Dodds,J, and Walker, D. (1992). "Introduction", Al-Andalus: The Art of Islamic Spain, edit. Jerrilynn D.Dodds. xıx- xxii. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
  • Duran, D. (1994). The History of the Indies of New Spain, trans.Doris Heyden, University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.
  • Ettinghausen, R. Grabar,O, Jenkins-Madina, M. (2001). Islamic Art and Architecture 650-1250, Yale University Press, New Haven and London.
  • Gómez-Moreno, M. (1919). MIglesias Mozárabes: Arte Español de los siglos IX à XI, Volumen 2, Centro de Estudios Histórico, Spain.
  • Guzman, R.F. (2005). Arquitectura Mudéjar, Madrid: Manueles Arte Catedra.
  • Guzman, R.F. (1995). “Las Primeras Construcciones y la Definicion del Mudéjar en Nueva Espana” , El Mudéjar Iberoamericano: Del Islam Al Nuevo Mundo, Lunwerg Editores, Barcelona, España.
  • Icíar Alcalá Prats, Ana María. Revilla Hernando, Beatriz Rodrigo Garza (2005). Guía Del Arte Mudejar en Aragon. Zaragoza: Centro de Estudios Mudéjares.
  • Maldonado, B.P. (1986). 'Hacia Tratado de Arquitectura de Ladrillo Arabe y Mudéjar', Actas del III Simposio Internacional de Mudejarismo, Teruel, 20-22 de septiembre de 1984, Actas Volumen I. Centro de Estudios Mudejares, Teruel. ss.329-364
  • Özkan Altınöz, M. (2013) Idıosyncratıc Narratıves: Mudéjar Architecture and its Historıography in Spain, The Graduate School of Socıal Sciences of Middle East Technical University.
  • Pérez Higuera, M.T. (1996). “El Mudéjar una Opcion Artística en la Corte de Castilla y León,” Historia del Arte Castilla y León 4, Arte Mudéjar, ed. José Javier Rivera Blanco, Francisco Javier de la Plaza Santiago, Simón Marchán Fiz, 132, Vol. 4, ss. 129-222.
  • Phillips, William D and Rahn Phillips, C. (2010) A Concise History of Spain, Cambridge University Press, Newyork:
  • Rafael Lopez Guzman (1995) “Las Primeras Construcciones y la Definicion del Mudéjar en Nueva Espana,” El Mudéjar Iberoamericano: Del Islam Al Nuevo Mundo, Lunwerg Editores, Biblioteca de Universidad Nacional Autonama de Mexico,.
  • Ráfols, J.F. (2005). Techumbres y Artesonados Españoles, Colección Labor, Bibloteca de Iniciación Cultural, Barcelona&Buenos Aires, presecente edición , Editorial Maxtor, Valladolid.
  • Yarza Luaces (1981). Arte y Arquitectura en España 500-1250, Cetedra, Espana.
  • Watt W. Montgomery and Cachia, A. (2007) History of Islamic Spain, Aldine Tnansaction Publishers, U.S.A and UK.

Evaluation of Mudéjar Architecture’s Identity and Its Stylistic Features in Spain

Year 2022, , 1651 - 1670, 30.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1093337

Abstract

The Iberian Peninsula has a rich cultural and artistic history, as it is a geography dominated by various Islamic governments that came using the North African route starting 711 where the geography turned out to a meeting place of Islamic, Christian and Jewish arts. In the peninsula, which shows intense cultural coexistence and acculturation. However, starting from the 11th century in the Iberian Peninsula, the gradual attacks of the Catholic kingdoms to get back the lands ended the political dominance that Islam established over these lands over time. Mudéjar/Mudéjar architecture begins in the Iberian Peninsula during this period as the Catholic kingdoms started to dominate the region. While the Muslim population allowed to live in Spain for a while is defined as Mudéjar/Mudéjar, the artworks they produce are also referred to as Mudéjar style/Mudéjar Art. However, Mudéjar Art are not only practiced by Muslims, as it can be followed through the material cultural assets that have survived to the present day, where the Christian and Jewish population practiced this art with great admiration. It mostly brings together the leading forms of Islamic and Christian art on the same structural scale within the related art. The number of these structures reaches plenty of that the subject of Mudéjar becomes a historical phenomenon that sometimes, orients cities. In this context, it can be stated that Mudéjar Art has Islamic origins, but it has features that bind and bring together different cultures like a cement. This study at the final set aims to reveal the sources and characteristics of Mudéjar architecture that developed in the Iberian Peninsula, to understand a period and cultural diversity, and to clarify under which art title the related art should be classified in the history of art and architecture.

References

  • Balfour, S. , (2000). “Spain from 1931 to the Present”, A history of Spain, edit. Raymond Carr, Oxford University Press, Oxfords.
  • Barrucand M. , Bednorz, A. (1992). Moorish Architecture in Andalusia, Taschen Publishers, Italy.
  • Barton, S. (2009). A History of Spain, Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
  • Borrás Gualis, G.M. (1996).” Introducción” El Arte Mudéjar, edit. Gonzalo Borrás Gualis. Iber Caja, Zaragoza.
  • Borrás Gualis, G. M. (1990). El Arte Mudejar. Instituto de Estudios Turolenses, Teruel.
  • Collins, R. A. (1994)History of Spain: The Arab Conquest of Spain 710-797, Blackwell Publishing, U.K
  • Crites, D.A. (2010). From Mosque to Cathedral: The Social and Political Significations of Mudéjar Architecture in Late Medieval Seville, (University of Iowa Ph.D dissertation,), U.S.A.
  • Dodds,J, and Walker, D. (1992). "Introduction", Al-Andalus: The Art of Islamic Spain, edit. Jerrilynn D.Dodds. xıx- xxii. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
  • Duran, D. (1994). The History of the Indies of New Spain, trans.Doris Heyden, University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.
  • Ettinghausen, R. Grabar,O, Jenkins-Madina, M. (2001). Islamic Art and Architecture 650-1250, Yale University Press, New Haven and London.
  • Gómez-Moreno, M. (1919). MIglesias Mozárabes: Arte Español de los siglos IX à XI, Volumen 2, Centro de Estudios Histórico, Spain.
  • Guzman, R.F. (2005). Arquitectura Mudéjar, Madrid: Manueles Arte Catedra.
  • Guzman, R.F. (1995). “Las Primeras Construcciones y la Definicion del Mudéjar en Nueva Espana” , El Mudéjar Iberoamericano: Del Islam Al Nuevo Mundo, Lunwerg Editores, Barcelona, España.
  • Icíar Alcalá Prats, Ana María. Revilla Hernando, Beatriz Rodrigo Garza (2005). Guía Del Arte Mudejar en Aragon. Zaragoza: Centro de Estudios Mudéjares.
  • Maldonado, B.P. (1986). 'Hacia Tratado de Arquitectura de Ladrillo Arabe y Mudéjar', Actas del III Simposio Internacional de Mudejarismo, Teruel, 20-22 de septiembre de 1984, Actas Volumen I. Centro de Estudios Mudejares, Teruel. ss.329-364
  • Özkan Altınöz, M. (2013) Idıosyncratıc Narratıves: Mudéjar Architecture and its Historıography in Spain, The Graduate School of Socıal Sciences of Middle East Technical University.
  • Pérez Higuera, M.T. (1996). “El Mudéjar una Opcion Artística en la Corte de Castilla y León,” Historia del Arte Castilla y León 4, Arte Mudéjar, ed. José Javier Rivera Blanco, Francisco Javier de la Plaza Santiago, Simón Marchán Fiz, 132, Vol. 4, ss. 129-222.
  • Phillips, William D and Rahn Phillips, C. (2010) A Concise History of Spain, Cambridge University Press, Newyork:
  • Rafael Lopez Guzman (1995) “Las Primeras Construcciones y la Definicion del Mudéjar en Nueva Espana,” El Mudéjar Iberoamericano: Del Islam Al Nuevo Mundo, Lunwerg Editores, Biblioteca de Universidad Nacional Autonama de Mexico,.
  • Ráfols, J.F. (2005). Techumbres y Artesonados Españoles, Colección Labor, Bibloteca de Iniciación Cultural, Barcelona&Buenos Aires, presecente edición , Editorial Maxtor, Valladolid.
  • Yarza Luaces (1981). Arte y Arquitectura en España 500-1250, Cetedra, Espana.
  • Watt W. Montgomery and Cachia, A. (2007) History of Islamic Spain, Aldine Tnansaction Publishers, U.S.A and UK.
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Meltem Özkan Altınöz 0000-0002-0497-131X

Publication Date September 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Özkan Altınöz, M. (2022). İspanya’da Mudéjar Mimarisinin Kimliği ve Üslup Özelliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi. İnsan Ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11(3), 1651-1670. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1093337
İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi  Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.