Development of a New Language Learning Motivation Scale for Medical Students

Year 2022, , 2289 - 2310, 31.12.2022

Bora Demir , Bahattin Hamarat

https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1146278

Abstract

This study aims to develop a scale determining the extrinsic, integrative, and intrinsic factors that motivate medical students learning English as a foreign language in an ESP context. Derived from Gardner and Lambert’s socio-educational model (1972) and Deci and Ryan’s self-determination theory (1985), the study is based on the motivational framework of Noels et al. (2000) which categorizes the three main motives as intrinsic, instrumental and integrative. With the participation of 320 medical students, a 14-item scale was developed with satisfactory internal consistency. Four different methods were used to create the motivation scale. First, a focus group interview was conducted with the participation of randomly selected medical students, and 22 items were determined as a result of the content analysis and were sent to five medical doctors for their opinions, and 6 items were removed from the pool upon their feedback. Next, the literature was reviewed and comparisons were made between existing scales. Finally, based on the opinions of 3 English for Specific Purposes (ESP) experts from the field, the concept of extrinsic motivation was used instead of instrumental motivation, and a 16-item five-point Likert type scale was decided. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) statistical procedures were also utilized. Principal Components Factor Analysis (PCA) was applied to reveal the construct validity of the motivation scale, and Direct Oblimin with Kaiser Normalization method was applied as the rotation method. In order to calculate the adequacy of the sample, the Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin (KMO) coefficient was calculated. Finally, as a result of Bartlett sphericity tests to detect correlations between the items, it was determined that the norm values were provided for all statistical processes for the 3-factor structure explaining 64.62% of the total variance. Finally, this study presents a new data collection tool that is statistically valid and reliable to measure medical students’ motivational factors.

Keywords

Foreign Language Learning Motivation, Scale Development, Medical Students, ESP, EMP

Tıp Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin İngilizce Öğrenme Motivasyonları Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışma, İngilizce’yi özel amaçlı bir bağlamda yabancı dil olarak öğrenen tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin dışsal, bütünleyici ve içe yönelik güdülenme değişkenlerini belirleyen bir ölçeği geliştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Gardner ve Lambert’in sosyo-eğitim modeli (1972) ve Deci ve Ryan’ın öz-belirleme teorisinden (1985) hareketle, bu çalışma, Noels vd.’nin (2000) içe yönelik, araçlık ve bütünleyici olarak üç ana kategoride sınıflandırdığı güdülenme modeli üzerine dayandırılmıştır. 320 tıp fakültesi öğrencisinin katılımıyla, yeterli iç tutarlılığa sahip 14 maddelik bir güdülenme ölçeği geliştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın ana unsuru olan motivasyon ölçeğinin oluşturulması için dört farklı yöntem kullanılmıştır. İlk olarak, rastgele seçilmiş 7 tıp fakültesi öğrencisinin katılımıyla bir odak grup görüşmesi yapılmış ve görüşmenin kör analizi sonucunda araştırmacılar tarafından belirlenen 22 madde en az on yıl tecrübeye sahip beş tıp doktoruna görüşleri için gönderilmiş ve geri dönütler neticesinde 6 madde havuzdan çıkarılmıştır. Bir sonraki adım olarak, ilgili alanyazın incelenmiş ve mevcut ölçekler arasında karşılaştırmalar yapılmıştır. Son olarak ise ilgili alandan 3 Özel Amaçlı İngilizce (ESP) uzmanının görüşlerine dayanılarak araçsal güdülenme yerine dışsal güdülenme kavramı kullanılarak çalışmanın kuramsal altyapısı tamamlanmış ve 16 maddelik bir ölçek elde edilmiştir. Ölçekteki tüm maddeler ”tamamem katılmıyorum” ve “tamamen katılıyorum” arasında sıralanan beşli Likert tipinde düzenlenmiştir. Verilerin analizinde Keşfedici Faktör Analizi (EFA) ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (CFA) istatistiksel yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Motivasyon ölçeğinin yapı geçerliliğinin ortaya çıkarılması için Temel Bileşenler Faktör Analizi uygulanmıştır (PCA), ve rotasyon metodu olarak Direct Oblimin with Kaiser Normalization yöntemi tercih edilmiştir. Örneklemin yeterliliğini hesaplamak için ise Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin (KMO) katsayısı hesaplanmıştır. Son olarak ölçekte yer alan ifadelere yönelik faktör yapılarının elde edilmesinde yararlanılan korelasyon maddesinin birim matris olup olmadığı Barlett Küresellik testi ile incelenmiştir. EFA için yapılan tüm istatistiksel işlemlerde norm değerlerinin sağlandığı tespit edilmiş ve 3 faktörlü yapı ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Bu üç faktörün toplam varyansın %64.62’sini açıklamıştır. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma, tıp fakültesi öğrencileri için istatistiksel olarak geçerli ve güvenilir olan yeni bir veri toplama aracı ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

Yabancı Dil Öğrenme Motivasyonu, ESP, EMP, Ölçek Geliştirme, Tıp Fakültesi Öğrencileri, Foreign Language Learning Motivation, Scale Development, Medical Students

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