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Metaverse: Bir Metafor Çalışması

Year 2023, , 1178 - 1195, 30.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1278887

Abstract

Metaverse, Facebook'un 2021 yılında kurumsal kimliğini Meta olarak yeniden adlandırması ve bu teknoloji için 10 milyar dolar yatırım yapmayı planladığını duyurmasıyla birlikte gittikçe popülerleşen bir kavram haline gelmiştir. Gelecek için vaad edilen potansiyelleri nedeniyle metaverse, akademik çalışmaların da ilgi odağı olan bir çalışma konusudur. Bu çalışma üniversite öğrencilerinin Metaverse’e yönelik algılarının, “metaforlar” aracılığı ile ortaya çıkarılmasını amaçlayan olgubilim (fenomenoloji) deseninde yürütülen nitel bir çalışmadır. Araştırmaya Türkiye’nin çeşitli üniversitelerinde öğrenim gören 170 üniversite öğrencisi katılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan bir form kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama aracının ilk bölümü demografik bilgilerden oluşmakta, ikinci bölümünde ise Metaverse kavramına ilişkin metaforik algıları belirleyebilmek amacıyla “Metaverse………gibidir. Çünkü…………” ifadesi yer almaktadır. Veri toplama aracının giriş kısmında metafor çalışmalarının nasıl doldurulacağına ilişkin örnek bir ifade yer almaktadır. Çalışmadan elde edilen verilerin analizinde betimsel analiz ve içerik analizi yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Öğrenciler tarafından oluşturulan metaforlar içerik analizine tâbi tutularak ortak özellikleri ve benzetme odakları dikkate alınmış ve kategoriler oluşturulmuştur. Katılımcılar tarafından Metaverse ile ilgili oluşturulan metaforlar incelendiğinde, “kurgu odağı”, “bilinç dışı odak”, “sanal odak”, “hayal odağı”, “dünya odağı”, “ticari odak”, “oyun odağı”, “distopik odak”, “gelecek odağı” ve “dijital ağ odağı” olmak üzere 10 farklı kategori ortaya çıkmıştır. Her kategoride yer alan kodlar katılımcıların gerekçeleri ve numaralarıyla birlikte sunulmuştur. Ayrıca tabloları yorumlarken çeşitli öğrenci görüşlerine yer verilmiştir. En çok metafor üretilen kategori “sanal odak” olarak belirlenmiştir. Belirtilen kategoriler dışında bazı metaforlar ise gösterge, ilaç, yeryüzündeki gerçeklik, robot insan, mürekkep şeklinde kodlanmıştır ancak herhangi bir kategori altında gruplandırılamamıştır. Metaverse hakkında herhangi bir fikri olmayan ve “bilmiyorum” şeklinde görüş bildiren az sayıda öğrenci de mevcuttur.

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References

  • Arslan, E. (2022). Validity and Reliability in Qualitative Research. Pamukkale University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 51, 395-407. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1116878 BBC. (2020, Kasım 16). Lil Nas X performs his first virtual concert on Roblox. BBC. https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/54951670
  • Babur, Y. (2022). Metaverse Ağında Turizm Endüstrisinin Rolü. Turizm Ekonomi ve İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi. 4(1), 91-101.
  • Berkeley News. (2020, Mayıs 16). Watch Blockeley, UC Berkeley’s online Minecraft commencement. https://news.berkeley.edu/2020/05/16/watch-blockeley-uc-berkeleys-online-minecraft-commencement/
  • Berktan, H. (2022). Epic Games 2 milyar dolarlık metaverse yatırımı aldı. bloomberght.com. https://www.bloomberght.com/epic-games-2-milyar-dolarlik-metaverse-yatirimi-aldi-2303981
  • Brown, A. (2021, Ekim 25). Facebook Expects Metaverse Project Will Cost At Least $10 Billion—In 2021 Alone. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/abrambrown/2021/10/25/facebook-expects-metaverse-project-will-cost-at-least-10-billion-in-2021-alone/?sh=36e29d4f25b4
  • Creswell, J. V. (2007). Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage Publications.
  • Crypto Adventure. (2023, Ocak 12). The Creator Economy In The Metaverse. https://cryptoadventure.com/community/articles/the-creator-economy-in-the-metaverse/#:~:text=The%20creator%20economy%20in%20the%20metaverse%20refers%20to%20the%20economic,models%2C%20music%2C%20and%20videos.
  • Çelikkaya, G. (2021). Metaverse nedir? Neden gelecekte internetin yerini alacak? https://webrazzi.com/2021/11/07/metaverse-nedir-ve-neden-gelecekte-internetin-yerini-alacak/
  • Dionisio, J. D. N., Iii, W. G. B., & Gilbert, R. (2013). 3D Virtual worlds and the metaverse: Current status and future possibilities. ACM Computing Surveys, 45(3), 1-38. https://doi.org/10.1145/2480741.2480751
  • Dwivedi, Y. K., Hughes, L., Baabdullah, A. M., Ribeiro-Navarrete, S., Giannakis, M., Al-Debei, M. M., Dennehy, D., Metri, B., Buhalis, D., Cheung, C. M. K., Conboy, K., Doyle, R., Dubey, R., Dutot, V., Felix, R., Goyal, D. P., Gustafsson, A., Hinsch, C., Jebabli, I., … Wamba, S. F. (2022). Metaverse beyond the hype: Multidisciplinary perspectives on emerging challenges, opportunities, and agenda for research, practice and policy. International Journal of Information Management, 66, 102542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2022.102542
  • Gibson, D. (2022, Ocak 21). Roblox or sandbox: Which platforms will decide the future of the metaverse? https://www.thedrum.com/news/2022/01/21/roblox-or-sandbox-which-platforms-will-decide-the-future-the-metaverse
  • Görün, M., Erdem, N. & Kara, G. (2023), “Z kuşağının “Siyaset” Kavramına Dair Metaforik Algılarının Ölçülmesi”, Uluslararası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi, S.6(1), 1-27, Doi: https://doi.org/10.33712/mana.1256510
  • Güneş, A., & Fırat, M. (2016). Açık ve uzaktan öğrenmede metafor analizi araştırmaları. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(3), 115-129.
  • Koçak, D. (2023). Web 1,0’dan Web 3,0’a Metaverse’ün Gelişimi Ve Sunduğu Fırsatlar. Yeni Medya Elektronik Dergi.7(2), 97-113.
  • Kuş, O. (2021). Metaverse: ’Dijital Büyük Patlamada Fırsatlar Ve Endişelere Yönelik Algılar. Intermedia International E-Journal, 8(15), 245-266. https://doi.org/10.21645/intermedia.2021.109
  • Küçükşabanoğlu, Z., & Kılıç, V. (2022). AIPA Gelecek Araştırması: Toplumda Metaverse Algısı: Sosyal Etki Kantitatif Araştırma Raporu. Yapay Zeka Politikaları Derneği,.
  • Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). The Metaphorical Structure of the Human Conceptual System. Cognitive Science, 4(2), 195-208. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0402_4
  • McKinsey &Company. (2022). Value creation in the metaverse. https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/growth-marketing-and-sales/our-insights/value-creation-in-the-metaverse
  • Meta. (2021). Our Story. https://about.meta.com/company-info/
  • Meta. (2023). Meta Horizon Workrooms. https://www.meta.com/work/workrooms/
  • Mete, M. H. (2023). Dijital Oyunların Geleceğinde Metaverse Etkisi . TRT Akademi, 8 (17), 294-317. DOI: 10.37679/trta.1198870
  • Miles, B. W., & Jozefowicz-Simbeni, D. M. H. (2010). Naturalistic inquiry. İçinde B. A. Thyer (Ed.), The Handbook of Social Work Research Methods (ss. 722-745). SAGE Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781544364902
  • Moro-Visconti, R. (2022). Metaverse: A Digital Network Valuation. Içinde R. Moro-Visconti, The Valuation of Digital Intangibles (ss. 515-559). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09237-4_18
  • Mystakidis, S. (2022). Metaverse. Encyclopedia, 2(1), 486-497. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia2010031
  • Novak, K. (2022). Introducing the Metaverse, Again! TechTrends, 66(5), 737-739. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-022-00767-0
  • NVIDIA. (2023). NVIDIA Omniverse. https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/omniverse/
  • Oleksy, T., Wnuk, A., & Piskorska, M. (2023). Migration to the metaverse and its predictors: Attachment to virtual places and metaverse-related threat. Computers in Human Behavior, 141, 107642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107642
  • Özdemi̇r, A., Vural, M., Süleymanoğullari, M., & Bayraktar, G. (2022). What Do University Students Think About The Metaverse? Journal of Educational Technology and Online Learning. https://doi.org/10.31681/jetol.1151470
  • Özkahveci, E., Civek, F., & Ulusoy, G. (2022). Endüstri 5.0 Döneminde Metaverse (Kurgusal Evren)’Ün Yeri. International Journal Of Socıal, Humanitıies And Administrative Sciences, 8(50), 398-409.
  • Park, S.-M., & Kim, Y.-G. (2022). A Metaverse: Taxonomy, Components, Applications, and Open Challenges. IEEE Access, 10, 4209-4251. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3140175
  • Patton, M. (1999). Enhancing the quality and credibility of qualitative analysis. HSR: Health Services Research, 34(5), 1189-1208.
  • Patton, M. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. Sage.
  • Pew Research Center. (2022). The Metaverse in 2040. https://www.elon.edu/u/imagining/surveys/xiv-2022/future-of-metaverse-web3-2040/
  • Rees, K. (2022, Şubat 16). These 8 Tech Giants Have Invested Big in the Metaverse. https://www.makeuseof.com/companies-investing-in-metaverse/
  • Saban, A. (2008a). İlköğretim I. Kademe öğretmen ve öğrencilerinin bilgi kavramına ilişkin sahip oldukları zihinsel imgeler. İlköğretim Online, 7(2), 421-455.
  • Saban, A. (2008b). Okula ilişkin metaforlar. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 55(1), 459-496.
  • The Palace Museum. (2019). Cooperation with Tencent to Further Develop the “Digital Palace Museum”. https://en.dpm.org.cn/about/news/2019-09-18/3089.html
  • Türk Dil Kurumu. (2022). Metafor. Türk Dil Kurumu Sözlükleri. https://sozluk.gov.tr/ Türk, T. (2022). The Concept of Metaverse, Its Future and Its Relationship with Spatial Information. Advanced Geomatics, 2(1), 17-22.
  • Vidal-Tomás, D. (2022). The new crypto niche: NFTs, play-to-earn, and metaverse tokens. Finance Research Letters, 47, 102742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2022.102742
  • Wang, M., Yu, H., Bell, Z., & Chu, X. (2022). Constructing an Edu-Metaverse Ecosystem: A New and Innovative Framework. IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, 15(6), 685-696. https://doi.org/10.1109/TLT.2022.3210828
  • Wang, Y., Su, Z., Zhang, N., Xing, R., Liu, D., Luan, T. H., & Shen, X. (2023). A Survey on Metaverse: Fundamentals, Security, and Privacy. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 25(1), 319-352. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2022.3202047
  • Zhang, X., Chen, Y., Hu, L., & Wang, Y. (2022). The metaverse in education: Definition, framework, features, potential applications, challenges, and future research topics. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1016300. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1016300
  • Zhang, Y., & Wildemuth, B. M. (2009). Unstructured interviews. Applications of social research methods to questions in information and library science. Exeter: Libraries Unlimited.
  • Zhao, Y., Jiang, J., Chen, Y., Liu, R., Yang, Y., Xue, X., & Chen, S. (2022). Metaverse: Perspectives from graphics, interactions and visualization. Visual Informatics, 6(1), 56-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visinf.2022.03.002

Metaverse: A Metaphor Study

Year 2023, , 1178 - 1195, 30.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1278887

Abstract

The metaverse has become an increasingly popular concept, with Facebook renaming its corporate identity as Meta in 2021 and announcing plans to invest $10 billion in this technology. Due to its promising potentials for the future, the metaverse is also a subject of interest for academic studies. This study is a qualitative phenomenological study that aims to reveal university students' perceptions of the Metaverse through "metaphors". A total of 170 university students studying at various universities in Turkey participated in the study. A form created by the researchers was used as a data collection tool. The first part of the data collection tool consists of demographic information, and the second part includes the statement "Metaverse is like .......... Because............" statement is included. In the introduction part of the data collection tool, there is a sample statement on how to fill in metaphor studies. Descriptive analysis and content analysis methods were used to analyze the data obtained from the study. The metaphors created by the students were subjected to content analysis and categories were created by taking into account their common features and foci of analogy. When the metaphors created by the participants about the Metaverse were analyzed, 10 different categories emerged: "fiction focus", "unconscious focus", "virtual focus", "dream focus", "world focus", "commercial focus", "game focus", "dystopian focus", "future focus" and "digital network focus". The codes in each category are presented together with the participants' justifications and numbers. In addition, while interpreting the tables, various student opinions were included. The category that produced the most metaphors was determined as "virtual focus". Some metaphors other than the mentioned categories were coded as indicator, medicine, reality on earth, robot human, ink, but could not be grouped under any category. There were also a small number of students who had no idea about the metaverse and stated "I don't know".

References

  • Arslan, E. (2022). Validity and Reliability in Qualitative Research. Pamukkale University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 51, 395-407. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1116878 BBC. (2020, Kasım 16). Lil Nas X performs his first virtual concert on Roblox. BBC. https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/54951670
  • Babur, Y. (2022). Metaverse Ağında Turizm Endüstrisinin Rolü. Turizm Ekonomi ve İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi. 4(1), 91-101.
  • Berkeley News. (2020, Mayıs 16). Watch Blockeley, UC Berkeley’s online Minecraft commencement. https://news.berkeley.edu/2020/05/16/watch-blockeley-uc-berkeleys-online-minecraft-commencement/
  • Berktan, H. (2022). Epic Games 2 milyar dolarlık metaverse yatırımı aldı. bloomberght.com. https://www.bloomberght.com/epic-games-2-milyar-dolarlik-metaverse-yatirimi-aldi-2303981
  • Brown, A. (2021, Ekim 25). Facebook Expects Metaverse Project Will Cost At Least $10 Billion—In 2021 Alone. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/abrambrown/2021/10/25/facebook-expects-metaverse-project-will-cost-at-least-10-billion-in-2021-alone/?sh=36e29d4f25b4
  • Creswell, J. V. (2007). Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage Publications.
  • Crypto Adventure. (2023, Ocak 12). The Creator Economy In The Metaverse. https://cryptoadventure.com/community/articles/the-creator-economy-in-the-metaverse/#:~:text=The%20creator%20economy%20in%20the%20metaverse%20refers%20to%20the%20economic,models%2C%20music%2C%20and%20videos.
  • Çelikkaya, G. (2021). Metaverse nedir? Neden gelecekte internetin yerini alacak? https://webrazzi.com/2021/11/07/metaverse-nedir-ve-neden-gelecekte-internetin-yerini-alacak/
  • Dionisio, J. D. N., Iii, W. G. B., & Gilbert, R. (2013). 3D Virtual worlds and the metaverse: Current status and future possibilities. ACM Computing Surveys, 45(3), 1-38. https://doi.org/10.1145/2480741.2480751
  • Dwivedi, Y. K., Hughes, L., Baabdullah, A. M., Ribeiro-Navarrete, S., Giannakis, M., Al-Debei, M. M., Dennehy, D., Metri, B., Buhalis, D., Cheung, C. M. K., Conboy, K., Doyle, R., Dubey, R., Dutot, V., Felix, R., Goyal, D. P., Gustafsson, A., Hinsch, C., Jebabli, I., … Wamba, S. F. (2022). Metaverse beyond the hype: Multidisciplinary perspectives on emerging challenges, opportunities, and agenda for research, practice and policy. International Journal of Information Management, 66, 102542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2022.102542
  • Gibson, D. (2022, Ocak 21). Roblox or sandbox: Which platforms will decide the future of the metaverse? https://www.thedrum.com/news/2022/01/21/roblox-or-sandbox-which-platforms-will-decide-the-future-the-metaverse
  • Görün, M., Erdem, N. & Kara, G. (2023), “Z kuşağının “Siyaset” Kavramına Dair Metaforik Algılarının Ölçülmesi”, Uluslararası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi, S.6(1), 1-27, Doi: https://doi.org/10.33712/mana.1256510
  • Güneş, A., & Fırat, M. (2016). Açık ve uzaktan öğrenmede metafor analizi araştırmaları. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(3), 115-129.
  • Koçak, D. (2023). Web 1,0’dan Web 3,0’a Metaverse’ün Gelişimi Ve Sunduğu Fırsatlar. Yeni Medya Elektronik Dergi.7(2), 97-113.
  • Kuş, O. (2021). Metaverse: ’Dijital Büyük Patlamada Fırsatlar Ve Endişelere Yönelik Algılar. Intermedia International E-Journal, 8(15), 245-266. https://doi.org/10.21645/intermedia.2021.109
  • Küçükşabanoğlu, Z., & Kılıç, V. (2022). AIPA Gelecek Araştırması: Toplumda Metaverse Algısı: Sosyal Etki Kantitatif Araştırma Raporu. Yapay Zeka Politikaları Derneği,.
  • Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). The Metaphorical Structure of the Human Conceptual System. Cognitive Science, 4(2), 195-208. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0402_4
  • McKinsey &Company. (2022). Value creation in the metaverse. https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/growth-marketing-and-sales/our-insights/value-creation-in-the-metaverse
  • Meta. (2021). Our Story. https://about.meta.com/company-info/
  • Meta. (2023). Meta Horizon Workrooms. https://www.meta.com/work/workrooms/
  • Mete, M. H. (2023). Dijital Oyunların Geleceğinde Metaverse Etkisi . TRT Akademi, 8 (17), 294-317. DOI: 10.37679/trta.1198870
  • Miles, B. W., & Jozefowicz-Simbeni, D. M. H. (2010). Naturalistic inquiry. İçinde B. A. Thyer (Ed.), The Handbook of Social Work Research Methods (ss. 722-745). SAGE Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781544364902
  • Moro-Visconti, R. (2022). Metaverse: A Digital Network Valuation. Içinde R. Moro-Visconti, The Valuation of Digital Intangibles (ss. 515-559). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09237-4_18
  • Mystakidis, S. (2022). Metaverse. Encyclopedia, 2(1), 486-497. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia2010031
  • Novak, K. (2022). Introducing the Metaverse, Again! TechTrends, 66(5), 737-739. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-022-00767-0
  • NVIDIA. (2023). NVIDIA Omniverse. https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/omniverse/
  • Oleksy, T., Wnuk, A., & Piskorska, M. (2023). Migration to the metaverse and its predictors: Attachment to virtual places and metaverse-related threat. Computers in Human Behavior, 141, 107642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107642
  • Özdemi̇r, A., Vural, M., Süleymanoğullari, M., & Bayraktar, G. (2022). What Do University Students Think About The Metaverse? Journal of Educational Technology and Online Learning. https://doi.org/10.31681/jetol.1151470
  • Özkahveci, E., Civek, F., & Ulusoy, G. (2022). Endüstri 5.0 Döneminde Metaverse (Kurgusal Evren)’Ün Yeri. International Journal Of Socıal, Humanitıies And Administrative Sciences, 8(50), 398-409.
  • Park, S.-M., & Kim, Y.-G. (2022). A Metaverse: Taxonomy, Components, Applications, and Open Challenges. IEEE Access, 10, 4209-4251. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3140175
  • Patton, M. (1999). Enhancing the quality and credibility of qualitative analysis. HSR: Health Services Research, 34(5), 1189-1208.
  • Patton, M. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. Sage.
  • Pew Research Center. (2022). The Metaverse in 2040. https://www.elon.edu/u/imagining/surveys/xiv-2022/future-of-metaverse-web3-2040/
  • Rees, K. (2022, Şubat 16). These 8 Tech Giants Have Invested Big in the Metaverse. https://www.makeuseof.com/companies-investing-in-metaverse/
  • Saban, A. (2008a). İlköğretim I. Kademe öğretmen ve öğrencilerinin bilgi kavramına ilişkin sahip oldukları zihinsel imgeler. İlköğretim Online, 7(2), 421-455.
  • Saban, A. (2008b). Okula ilişkin metaforlar. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 55(1), 459-496.
  • The Palace Museum. (2019). Cooperation with Tencent to Further Develop the “Digital Palace Museum”. https://en.dpm.org.cn/about/news/2019-09-18/3089.html
  • Türk Dil Kurumu. (2022). Metafor. Türk Dil Kurumu Sözlükleri. https://sozluk.gov.tr/ Türk, T. (2022). The Concept of Metaverse, Its Future and Its Relationship with Spatial Information. Advanced Geomatics, 2(1), 17-22.
  • Vidal-Tomás, D. (2022). The new crypto niche: NFTs, play-to-earn, and metaverse tokens. Finance Research Letters, 47, 102742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2022.102742
  • Wang, M., Yu, H., Bell, Z., & Chu, X. (2022). Constructing an Edu-Metaverse Ecosystem: A New and Innovative Framework. IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, 15(6), 685-696. https://doi.org/10.1109/TLT.2022.3210828
  • Wang, Y., Su, Z., Zhang, N., Xing, R., Liu, D., Luan, T. H., & Shen, X. (2023). A Survey on Metaverse: Fundamentals, Security, and Privacy. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 25(1), 319-352. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2022.3202047
  • Zhang, X., Chen, Y., Hu, L., & Wang, Y. (2022). The metaverse in education: Definition, framework, features, potential applications, challenges, and future research topics. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1016300. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1016300
  • Zhang, Y., & Wildemuth, B. M. (2009). Unstructured interviews. Applications of social research methods to questions in information and library science. Exeter: Libraries Unlimited.
  • Zhao, Y., Jiang, J., Chen, Y., Liu, R., Yang, Y., Xue, X., & Chen, S. (2022). Metaverse: Perspectives from graphics, interactions and visualization. Visual Informatics, 6(1), 56-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visinf.2022.03.002
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Communication and Media Studies (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Merve Ergüney 0000-0002-1397-5769

Nagihan Tepe 0000-0002-5923-435X

Early Pub Date June 29, 2023
Publication Date June 30, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Ergüney, M., & Tepe, N. (2023). Metaverse: Bir Metafor Çalışması. İnsan Ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12(2), 1178-1195. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1278887
İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi  Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.