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Adaptation of Motivation To Lead Scale To Turkish Culture

Year 2020, , 1263 - 1288, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.678423

Abstract

In this study, the Motivation to Lead scale developed by Chan, Rounds, and Drasgow (2001) was adapted to Turkish culture. The sample involved 387 undergraduate students. In the adaptation process; language, content validity, Turkish translation, Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis, reliability, item total score correlations, and item discrimination were examined. A scale with three dimensions obtained by Exploratory Factor Analysis was re-examined on a different group and it was confirmed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis. As a result, a scale with three dimensions that is consistent with the original scale was developed. These dimensions are affective-identity motivation to lead , social-normative motivation to lead, and non-calculative motivation to lead. The Cronbach's Alpha values were found between .89 and .92, and the Cronbach’s Alpha value for the total of the scale was found .95 The Motivation to Lead Scale is a valid and reliable measurement instrument for measuring the motivation levels of individuals to lead.

References

  • Amit, K., & Bar-Lev, S. (2012). Motivation to lead in multicultural organizations: The role of work scripts and political perceptions. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 20(2), 169-184. doi:10.1177/1548051812467206 Amit, K., Lisak, A., Popper, M., & Gal, R. (2007). Motivation to Lead: Research on the Motives for Undertaking Leadership Roles in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). Military Psychology, 19(3), 137-160. doi:10.1080/08995600701386317 Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1984). The effect of sampling error on convergence, improper solutions, and goodness-of-fit indices for maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis. Psychometrika, 49(2), 155-173. Bandura, A. (1999). Social Cognitive Theory: An Agentic Perspective. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 2(1), 21-41. doi:10.1111/1467-839x.00024 Barbuto, J. E. (2001). Understanding and Applying an Integrative Taxonomy of Motivation Sources to Professional and Personal Settings. Journal of Management Education, 25(6), 713-725. doi:10.1177/105256290102500607 Bass, B., & Bass, R. (2009). The Bass handbook of leadership: Theory, research, and managerial applications. New York: Free Press. Bass, B. M., Avolio, B. J., Jung, D. I., & Berson, Y. (2003). Predicting unit performance by assessing transformational and transactional leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(2), 207-218. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.88.2.207 Bobbio, A., & Rattazzi, A. M. M. (2006). A Contribution to the Validation of the Motivation to Lead Scale (MTL): A Research in the Italian Context. Leadership, 2(1), 117-129. doi:10.1177/1742715006057240 Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In A. K. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 136-162). Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E. K., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2017). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayınları. Cerff, K. (2017). African Leadership Insights: The Role of Hope, Self-efficacy and Motivation to Lead. In K. Patterson & B. Winston (Eds.), Leading an African Renaissance: Opportunities and Challenges (pp. 133-154). Cham: Springer International Publishing. Chan, K.-Y., & Drasgow, F. (2001). Toward a theory of individual differences and leadership: understanding the motivation to lead. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 481-498. Chan, K.-Y., Rounds, J., & Drasgow, F. (2000). The Relation between Vocational Interests and the Motivation to Lead. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 57(2), 226-245. doi:10.1006/jvbe.1999.1728 Chen, L. (2016). Linking leader personality traits to motivation to lead: A self-concept approach. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 44(11), 1913-1925. doi:10.2224/sbp.2016.44.11.1913 Cho, Y. J., Harrist, S., Steele, M., & Murn, L. T. (2015). College student motivation to lead in relation to basic psychological need satisfaction and leadership self-efficacy. Journal of College Student Development, 56(1), 32-44. doi:10.1353/csd.2015.0005 Clemmons, A. B., & Fields, D. (2011). Values as Determinants of the Motivation to Lead. Military Psychology, 23(6), 587-600. doi:10.1080/08995605.2011.616787 Cole, D. A. (1987). Utility of confirmatory factor analysis in test validation research. Journal of Consulting Clinical Psychology,, 55(4), 584-594. Felfe, J., & Schyns, B. (2014). Romance of leadership and motivation to lead. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 29(7), 850-865. doi:10.1108/JMP-03-2012-0076 George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference 11.0 update (4 ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Guillén, L., Mayo, M., & Korotov, K. (2015). Is leadership a part of me? A leader identity approach to understanding the motivation to lead. The Leadership Quarterly, 26(5), 802-820. doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.05.001 Hatcher, L., & O'Rourke, N. (2013). A step-by-step approach to using SAS for factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Cary, NC: Sas Institute Inc. Hong, Y., Catano, V., & Liao, H. (2011). Leader emergence: the role of emotional intelligence and motivation to lead. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 32(4), 320-343. doi:10.1108/01437731111134625 İlhan, M., & Güler, N. (2017). The Number of Response Categories and the Reverse Scored Item Problem in Likert-Type Scales: A Study with the Rasch Model* Likert Tipi Ölçeklerde Olumsuz Madde ve Kategori Sayısı Sorunu: Rasch Modeli ile Bir İnceleme. Eğitimde ve Psikolojide Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Dergisi, 8(3), 321-343. Jöreskog, K., & Sörbom, D. (2001). LISREL 8.51. Mooresvile: Scientific Software. Kark, R., & Dijk, D. V. (2007). Motivation to Lead, Motivation to Follow: The Role of the Self-Regulatory Focus in Leadership Processes. Academy of Management Review, 32(2), 500-528. doi:10.5465/amr.2007.24351846 Krishnakumar, S., & Hopkins, K. (2014). The role of emotion perception ability in motivation to lead. Management Research Review, 37(4), 334-347. doi:10.1108/MRR-07-2012-0161 Limsila, K. (2008). Performance and leadership outcome correlates of leadership styles and subordinate commitment. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 15(2), 164-184. doi:10.1108/09699980810852682 Lord, R. G., & Hall, R. J. (1992). Contemporary views of leadership and individual differences. The Leadership Quarterly, 3(2), 137-157. doi:10.1016/1048-9843(92)90030-J Mahon, M., & Greenwald, J. M. (2018). The Influence of Leader Prototype Congruence on Leadership Self-efficacy and Motivation to Lead. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2018(1), 12099. doi:10.5465/AMBPP.2018.12099abstract Marsh, H. W., Hau, K.-T., Artelt, C., Baumert, J., & Peschar, J. L. (2006). OECD's brief self-report measure of educational psychology's most useful affective constructs: Cross-cultural, psychometric comparisons across 25 countries. nternational Journal of Testing, 6(4), 311-360. Mascia, D., Dello Russo, S., & Morandi, F. (2015). Exploring professionals' motivation to lead: a cross-level study in the healthcare sector. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 26(12), 1622-1644. doi:10.1080/09585192.2014.958516 McClelland, D. C. (1982). The need for Power, sympathetic activation, and illness. Motivation and Emotion, 6(1), 31-41. doi:10.1007/bf00992135 Özbezek, B. D. (2018). Kontrol Odağı Ve Duygusal Zekânın Liderlik Etme Motivasyonuna Etkisi Üzerine Trc1 Bölgesinde Bir Araştırma: Üniversite Öğrencileri Örneği (Doktora tezi), Gaziantep Üniversitesi, Paulhus, D. L., & Reid, D. B. (1991). Enhancement and denial in socially desirable responding. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(2), 307-317. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.60.2.307 Porter, T., Riesenmy, K., & Fields, D. (2016). Work environment and employee motivation to lead: Moderating effects of personal characteristics. American Journal of Business, 31(2), 66-84. doi:10.1108/AJB-05-2015-0017 Porter, T. H., Gerhardt, M. W., Fields, D., & Bugenhagen, M. (2019). An exploratory study of gender and motivation to lead in millennials. The Journal of Social Psychology, 159(2), 138-152. doi:10.1080/00224545.2019.1570902 Rosch, D. M., Collier, D., & Thompson, S. E. (2015). An exploration of students' motivation to lead: An analysis by race, gender, and student leadership behaviors. Journal of College Student Development, 56(3), 286-291. doi:10.1353/csd.2015.0031 Sandal, C. (2014). Motivation to lead: the role of regulatory focus, role models and fear of leadership. (Master of Arts), Koç Üniversitesi, İstanbul. Şencan, H. (2005). Sosyal ve davranışsal ölçümlerde güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik. Ankara: Seçkin yayınları. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6 ed.). New York: Allyn & Bacon. Turhan, F. (2014). Liderliğe alternatif bir yaklaşım olarak liderlik etme motivasyonu ve farklı sosyal gruplardaki rolü. (Yüksek lisans tezi), Uludağ üniversitesi, Bursa Waldman, D. A., Galvin, B. M., & Walumbwa, F. O. (2012). The Development of Motivation to Lead and Leader Role Identity. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 20(2), 156-168. doi:10.1177/1548051812457416 Wang, H., Tsui, A. S., & Xin, K. R. (2011). CEO leadership behaviors, organizational performance, and employees' attitudes. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(1), 92-105. doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2010.12.009 Yukl, G. (1989). Managerial Leadership: A Review of Theory and Research. Journal of Management, 15(2), 251-289. doi:10.1177/014920638901500207 Zaccaro, S. J. (2007). Trait-based perspectives of leadership. American psychologist, 62(1), 6-12. doi:10.1037/0003-066x.62.1.6

Liderlik Etme Motivasyonu Ölçeğinin Türk Kültürüne Uyarlanması

Year 2020, , 1263 - 1288, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.678423

Abstract

Bu araştırmada Chan ve Drasgow (2001) tarafından geliştirilen Liderlik Etme Motivasyonu Ölçeği Türk kültürüne uyarlanmıştır. Araştırmaya 387 üniversite öğrencisi katılmıştır. Uyarlama sürecinde ölçeğin dil ve kapsam geçerliği, Türkçe’ ye çeviri, Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizleri, güvenirlik, madde toplam puan korelasyonları ve ayırt edicilikleri incelenmiştir. Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi ile elde edilen 3 faktörlü yapı, farklı bir grup üzerinde yeniden incelenmiş ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi ile doğrulanmıştır. Sonuçta ölçeğin orijinal formu ile tutarlı olan 3 faktörlü bir yapı elde edilmiştir. Bu faktörler duyuşsal-kimlik liderlik etme motivasyonu, sosyal-normatif liderlik etme motivasyonu ve çıkarsız liderlik etme motivasyonudur. 25 maddeden oluşan ölçeğin faktörlerine ait Cronbach’s alpha değerleri .89 ile .92 arasında ve tüm ölçek için ise .95 olarak bulunmuştur. Bu kapsamda Liderlik Etme Motivasyonu Ölçeğinin bireylerin liderlik etme motivasyon düzeylerini ölçmede kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

References

  • Amit, K., & Bar-Lev, S. (2012). Motivation to lead in multicultural organizations: The role of work scripts and political perceptions. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 20(2), 169-184. doi:10.1177/1548051812467206 Amit, K., Lisak, A., Popper, M., & Gal, R. (2007). Motivation to Lead: Research on the Motives for Undertaking Leadership Roles in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). Military Psychology, 19(3), 137-160. doi:10.1080/08995600701386317 Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1984). The effect of sampling error on convergence, improper solutions, and goodness-of-fit indices for maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis. Psychometrika, 49(2), 155-173. Bandura, A. (1999). Social Cognitive Theory: An Agentic Perspective. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 2(1), 21-41. doi:10.1111/1467-839x.00024 Barbuto, J. E. (2001). Understanding and Applying an Integrative Taxonomy of Motivation Sources to Professional and Personal Settings. Journal of Management Education, 25(6), 713-725. doi:10.1177/105256290102500607 Bass, B., & Bass, R. (2009). The Bass handbook of leadership: Theory, research, and managerial applications. New York: Free Press. Bass, B. M., Avolio, B. J., Jung, D. I., & Berson, Y. (2003). Predicting unit performance by assessing transformational and transactional leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(2), 207-218. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.88.2.207 Bobbio, A., & Rattazzi, A. M. M. (2006). A Contribution to the Validation of the Motivation to Lead Scale (MTL): A Research in the Italian Context. Leadership, 2(1), 117-129. doi:10.1177/1742715006057240 Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In A. K. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 136-162). Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E. K., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2017). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayınları. Cerff, K. (2017). African Leadership Insights: The Role of Hope, Self-efficacy and Motivation to Lead. In K. Patterson & B. Winston (Eds.), Leading an African Renaissance: Opportunities and Challenges (pp. 133-154). Cham: Springer International Publishing. Chan, K.-Y., & Drasgow, F. (2001). Toward a theory of individual differences and leadership: understanding the motivation to lead. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 481-498. Chan, K.-Y., Rounds, J., & Drasgow, F. (2000). The Relation between Vocational Interests and the Motivation to Lead. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 57(2), 226-245. doi:10.1006/jvbe.1999.1728 Chen, L. (2016). Linking leader personality traits to motivation to lead: A self-concept approach. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 44(11), 1913-1925. doi:10.2224/sbp.2016.44.11.1913 Cho, Y. J., Harrist, S., Steele, M., & Murn, L. T. (2015). College student motivation to lead in relation to basic psychological need satisfaction and leadership self-efficacy. Journal of College Student Development, 56(1), 32-44. doi:10.1353/csd.2015.0005 Clemmons, A. B., & Fields, D. (2011). Values as Determinants of the Motivation to Lead. Military Psychology, 23(6), 587-600. doi:10.1080/08995605.2011.616787 Cole, D. A. (1987). Utility of confirmatory factor analysis in test validation research. Journal of Consulting Clinical Psychology,, 55(4), 584-594. Felfe, J., & Schyns, B. (2014). Romance of leadership and motivation to lead. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 29(7), 850-865. doi:10.1108/JMP-03-2012-0076 George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference 11.0 update (4 ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Guillén, L., Mayo, M., & Korotov, K. (2015). Is leadership a part of me? A leader identity approach to understanding the motivation to lead. The Leadership Quarterly, 26(5), 802-820. doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.05.001 Hatcher, L., & O'Rourke, N. (2013). A step-by-step approach to using SAS for factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Cary, NC: Sas Institute Inc. Hong, Y., Catano, V., & Liao, H. (2011). Leader emergence: the role of emotional intelligence and motivation to lead. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 32(4), 320-343. doi:10.1108/01437731111134625 İlhan, M., & Güler, N. (2017). The Number of Response Categories and the Reverse Scored Item Problem in Likert-Type Scales: A Study with the Rasch Model* Likert Tipi Ölçeklerde Olumsuz Madde ve Kategori Sayısı Sorunu: Rasch Modeli ile Bir İnceleme. Eğitimde ve Psikolojide Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Dergisi, 8(3), 321-343. Jöreskog, K., & Sörbom, D. (2001). LISREL 8.51. Mooresvile: Scientific Software. Kark, R., & Dijk, D. V. (2007). Motivation to Lead, Motivation to Follow: The Role of the Self-Regulatory Focus in Leadership Processes. Academy of Management Review, 32(2), 500-528. doi:10.5465/amr.2007.24351846 Krishnakumar, S., & Hopkins, K. (2014). The role of emotion perception ability in motivation to lead. Management Research Review, 37(4), 334-347. doi:10.1108/MRR-07-2012-0161 Limsila, K. (2008). Performance and leadership outcome correlates of leadership styles and subordinate commitment. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 15(2), 164-184. doi:10.1108/09699980810852682 Lord, R. G., & Hall, R. J. (1992). Contemporary views of leadership and individual differences. The Leadership Quarterly, 3(2), 137-157. doi:10.1016/1048-9843(92)90030-J Mahon, M., & Greenwald, J. M. (2018). The Influence of Leader Prototype Congruence on Leadership Self-efficacy and Motivation to Lead. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2018(1), 12099. doi:10.5465/AMBPP.2018.12099abstract Marsh, H. W., Hau, K.-T., Artelt, C., Baumert, J., & Peschar, J. L. (2006). OECD's brief self-report measure of educational psychology's most useful affective constructs: Cross-cultural, psychometric comparisons across 25 countries. nternational Journal of Testing, 6(4), 311-360. Mascia, D., Dello Russo, S., & Morandi, F. (2015). Exploring professionals' motivation to lead: a cross-level study in the healthcare sector. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 26(12), 1622-1644. doi:10.1080/09585192.2014.958516 McClelland, D. C. (1982). The need for Power, sympathetic activation, and illness. Motivation and Emotion, 6(1), 31-41. doi:10.1007/bf00992135 Özbezek, B. D. (2018). Kontrol Odağı Ve Duygusal Zekânın Liderlik Etme Motivasyonuna Etkisi Üzerine Trc1 Bölgesinde Bir Araştırma: Üniversite Öğrencileri Örneği (Doktora tezi), Gaziantep Üniversitesi, Paulhus, D. L., & Reid, D. B. (1991). Enhancement and denial in socially desirable responding. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(2), 307-317. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.60.2.307 Porter, T., Riesenmy, K., & Fields, D. (2016). Work environment and employee motivation to lead: Moderating effects of personal characteristics. American Journal of Business, 31(2), 66-84. doi:10.1108/AJB-05-2015-0017 Porter, T. H., Gerhardt, M. W., Fields, D., & Bugenhagen, M. (2019). An exploratory study of gender and motivation to lead in millennials. The Journal of Social Psychology, 159(2), 138-152. doi:10.1080/00224545.2019.1570902 Rosch, D. M., Collier, D., & Thompson, S. E. (2015). An exploration of students' motivation to lead: An analysis by race, gender, and student leadership behaviors. Journal of College Student Development, 56(3), 286-291. doi:10.1353/csd.2015.0031 Sandal, C. (2014). Motivation to lead: the role of regulatory focus, role models and fear of leadership. (Master of Arts), Koç Üniversitesi, İstanbul. Şencan, H. (2005). Sosyal ve davranışsal ölçümlerde güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik. Ankara: Seçkin yayınları. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6 ed.). New York: Allyn & Bacon. Turhan, F. (2014). Liderliğe alternatif bir yaklaşım olarak liderlik etme motivasyonu ve farklı sosyal gruplardaki rolü. (Yüksek lisans tezi), Uludağ üniversitesi, Bursa Waldman, D. A., Galvin, B. M., & Walumbwa, F. O. (2012). The Development of Motivation to Lead and Leader Role Identity. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 20(2), 156-168. doi:10.1177/1548051812457416 Wang, H., Tsui, A. S., & Xin, K. R. (2011). CEO leadership behaviors, organizational performance, and employees' attitudes. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(1), 92-105. doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2010.12.009 Yukl, G. (1989). Managerial Leadership: A Review of Theory and Research. Journal of Management, 15(2), 251-289. doi:10.1177/014920638901500207 Zaccaro, S. J. (2007). Trait-based perspectives of leadership. American psychologist, 62(1), 6-12. doi:10.1037/0003-066x.62.1.6
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mahmut Polatcan 0000-0002-5181-0316

Ramazan Cansoy 0000-0003-2768-9939

Publication Date June 30, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020

Cite

APA Polatcan, M., & Cansoy, R. (2020). Liderlik Etme Motivasyonu Ölçeğinin Türk Kültürüne Uyarlanması. İnsan Ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(2), 1263-1288. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.678423
İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi  Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.