An Evaluation of the Aqabah Pledges and the Charter of Medina to the Birth of Political Authority in Islamic Political Thought

Hafijur Rahman

doi:10.15869/itobiad.748609

EN TR

An Evaluation of the Aqabah Pledges and the Charter of Medina to the Birth of Political Authority in Islamic Political Thought

Abstract

This paper aims to analyze the two crucial treaties of the early Islamic period as the Aqabah pledges and the Charter of Medina, which is considered the foundation of the political authority in Islamic political thought. Several contemporary intellectuals intended to identify these two treaties as the contract between Prophet Muhammad and the people of Medina for establishing a political authority under the leadership of the prophet relating to the social contract theory in Modern Political Thought. This paper analyzes these two documents as the birth of a political authority in Islamic political thought in the light of the writing of Muslim theorists, particularly Rachid al-Ghannouchi, who argued the Islamic state should be formed by Shura within “mutual contract” rather than coercion. This research is a qualitative research based on both primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected from primary literature, and secondary data were collected from secondary literature, articles and theses. This research extensively used the content analysis and the historical analysis methods for its data analysis. It is hoped that this paper will contribute to academia by analyzing these two treaties as the essential documents regarding the birth of political authority in Islamic political thought within the present context.

Keywords

Aqabah Pledge, Charter of Medina, Islamic Political Thought, Ghannouchi, Islamic State

Akabe Anlaşması ve Medine Sözleşmesi'nin İslami Siyasal Düşüncede Siyasi Otoritenin Doğuşu Açısından Bir Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Bu makale, İslami siyasal düşüncede siyasi otoritenin temeli olarak kabul edilen ilk İslam döneminin iki önemli antlaşmaları Akabe anlaşması ve Medine sözleşmesini analiz etmeye amaçlamaktadır. Birçok çağdaş aydın, bu iki antlaşmayı, Modern Siyasi Düşüncede sosyal sözleşme teorisine ilişkin peygamberin önderliğinde siyasi bir otorite kurmak amacıyla Hz. Muhammed ile Medine halkı arasındaki sözleşme olarak tanımlamıştır. Bu makale, Müslüman teorisyenlerin özellikle Reşid el-Gannuşi'nin yazıları ışığında bu iki belgeyi İslami siyasal düşüncede siyasi bir otoritenin doğuşu olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Gannuşi zorlama yerine “karşılıklı sözleşme” içinde İslam devleti Şura tarafından oluşturulmalı diye tartışmayı amaçlanmıştır. Bu araştırma, birincil ve ikincil verilere dayanan nitel bir araştırmadır. Birincil veriler, birincil literatürlerden ve ikincil veriler ikincil literatürler, makaleler ve tezlerden toplanmıştır. Bu araştırma, veri analizi için içerik analiz ve tarihsel analiz yöntemleri kapsamlı bir şekilde kullanılmıştır. Bu yazının, bu bağlamda bu iki antlaşmanın İslami siyasal düşüncede siyasal otoritenin doğuşu ile ilgili önemli belgeler olarak incelenerek akademiye katkıda bulunacağı umulmaktadır.

Keywords

Akabe Anlaşması, Medine Sözleşmesi, İslam Siyasi Düşüncesi, Gannuşi, İslam Devleti

References

Açık, F. (2015). İlk İslam Toplumunun İnşa Sürecinde Kardeşlik Projesi. Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches, 4(3).
Al-Mawardi, A. A. H. (1996). Al-Ahkam as-Sultaniyyah The Laws of Islamic Governance. Trans. Asadullah Yate (London: Ta-Ha Publishers).
Arjomand, S. A. (2009). The Constitution of Medina: a sociolegal interpretation of Muhammad's acts of foundation of the umma. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 41(4), 555-575.
Berber, E. (2016). Kabile Sistemi Ekseninde Medine Vesikası ve Yeni İslam Toplumunun Sosyo-Siyasal Niteliği, TAAD, 7 (26), 461-492
Black, A. (2011). History of Islamic Political Thought: From the Prophet to the Present: From the Prophet to the Present. Edinburgh University Press
Bulaç, A. (1992). medine Vesikası hakkında genel Bilgiler. Birikim: 38, 39.
Çiçek, N. (2013). Medine Vesikası Ekseninde İslâm’ın Rolü: Hakem mi, Hâkim mi?. The Role of Islam in Axis of the Constitution of Medina: Mediator or Domineer. http://www.muharrembalci.com/hukukdunyasi/makaleler/birikimlerIV/158.pdf (last accessed: 25.09.2020)
Emon, A. (2001). Reflections on the constitution of medina: An essay on methodology and ideology in Islamic legal history. UCLA J. Islamic & Near EL, 1, 103.
Esposito, J. L. (editor) (1999). “The Oxford history of Islam”, Oxford University Press, Inc., New York
Etheredege, L. (edit.) (2010). “Islamic History”, Britannica Educational Publishing, New York.

Ghannouchi, R. (2015). İslam Devletine Kamusal Özgürlük. Translated by- Osman Tunç, İstanbul: Maya Yayınları
Hamidullah, M. (1986). The first written constitution in the world. Chicago, IL: Kazi Publications.
Held, D. (1989). Political Theory and the Modern State; Essays on State, power and democracy. Cambridge; Polity Press.
Ibn Hisham (2000). “Sirat Ibn Hisham, Biography of the Prophet”, Al Falah Publication, Cairo.
Ibn Ishaq (1955). Sirat Rasul Allah. compiled by A. Guillaume as" The Life of Muhammad", Oxford, London, 369.
Ibn Kasir (2003). “Al Bidaya Wan Nihaya, Islamic History: First to last, Volume: 3, (Bangla Version), Islamic Foundation Bangladesh
Khel, M. N. K. (1982). Foundation of the Islamic state at Medina and its constitution. Islamic Studies, 21(3), 61-88.
Koyuncu, M. (2009). Medine şehir devleti. SAÜ Fen Edebiyat Dergisi, 11(2), 87-103.
Lecker, Michael (2004). The “Constitution of Medina” Muhammad’s first legal document, The Darwin press, Inc. Princeton, New Jersey
RAHMAN, H. (2020). FROM JAMAL UDDIN AFGHANI TO RACHID AL-GHANNOUCHI; THE APPROACHES OF CONTEMPORARY MUSLIM INTELLECTUALS TO THE CONCEPT OF STATE. CenRaPS Journal of Social Sciences, 2(1), 41-57.
Robinson, F. C. (2011). The New Cambridge History of Islam, Cambridge University Press
Sambur, B. (2014). Medine vesikasının özgürlük ve çoğulculuk açısından tahlili. Liberal Düşünce Dergisi, (76), 179-186.
Şen, M. (1998). Anayasal belge olarak Medine sözleşmesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Hukuk fakültesi dergisi, (6), 554-607.
Tahir-ul-Qadri, M. (2012). The Constitution of Madina: 63 Constitutional Articles. Minhaj-ul-Quran Publications, London.
Vanauker, M. L. (2016). The Aqaba Pledge: A Reconsideration of the Ansar’s Subscription to the pledge, Master Thesis, Graduate Faculty, University of Georgia, Athens.
Wagemakers, J. (2015). The Concept of Bay‘a in the Islamic State’s Ideology, Perspective on Terrorism, 9 (4)
Watt, W. M., & McDonald, M. V. (Eds.). (1988). The History of al-Tabari Vol. 6: Muhammad at Mecca (Vol. 6). SUNY Press.
Yildirim, Y. (2006). Peace and conflict resolution in the Medina Charter. Peace Review: A Journal of Social Justice, 18(1), 109-117.
Yildirim, Y. (2009). The Medina Charter: a historical case of conflict resolution. Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations, 20(4), 439-450.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

-

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Hafijur Rahman ^*
0000-0001-7945-6307
Bangladesh

Publication Date

December 29, 2020

Submission Date

June 5, 2020

Acceptance Date

October 29, 2020

Published in Issue

Year 2020 Volume: 9 Number: 5

DOI

https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.748609

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA23YH54PG

APA

Rahman, H. (2020). An Evaluation of the Aqabah Pledges and the Charter of Medina to the Birth of Political Authority in Islamic Political Thought. İnsan Ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(5), 3379-3396. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.748609

AMA

1.Rahman H. An Evaluation of the Aqabah Pledges and the Charter of Medina to the Birth of Political Authority in Islamic Political Thought. itobiad. 2020;9(5):3379-3396. doi:10.15869/itobiad.748609

Chicago

Rahman, Hafijur. 2020. “An Evaluation of the Aqabah Pledges and the Charter of Medina to the Birth of Political Authority in Islamic Political Thought”. İnsan Ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi 9 (5): 3379-96. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.748609.

EndNote

Rahman H (December 1, 2020) An Evaluation of the Aqabah Pledges and the Charter of Medina to the Birth of Political Authority in Islamic Political Thought. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi 9 5 3379–3396.

IEEE

[1]H. Rahman, “An Evaluation of the Aqabah Pledges and the Charter of Medina to the Birth of Political Authority in Islamic Political Thought”, itobiad, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 3379–3396, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.15869/itobiad.748609.

ISNAD

Rahman, Hafijur. “An Evaluation of the Aqabah Pledges and the Charter of Medina to the Birth of Political Authority in Islamic Political Thought”. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi 9/5 (December 1, 2020): 3379-3396. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.748609.

JAMA

1.Rahman H. An Evaluation of the Aqabah Pledges and the Charter of Medina to the Birth of Political Authority in Islamic Political Thought. itobiad. 2020;9:3379–3396.

MLA

Rahman, Hafijur. “An Evaluation of the Aqabah Pledges and the Charter of Medina to the Birth of Political Authority in Islamic Political Thought”. İnsan Ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 9, no. 5, Dec. 2020, pp. 3379-96, doi:10.15869/itobiad.748609.

Vancouver

1.Hafijur Rahman. An Evaluation of the Aqabah Pledges and the Charter of Medina to the Birth of Political Authority in Islamic Political Thought. itobiad. 2020 Dec. 1;9(5):3379-96. doi:10.15869/itobiad.748609

Journal of the Human and Social Science Researches is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY NC).

An Evaluation of the Aqabah Pledges and the Charter of Medina to the Birth of Political Authority in Islamic Political Thought

Abstract

Keywords

Akabe Anlaşması ve Medine Sözleşmesi'nin İslami Siyasal Düşüncede Siyasi Otoritenin Doğuşu Açısından Bir Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Keywords

References

Details

Primary Language

Subjects

Journal Section

Authors

Publication Date

Submission Date

Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

DOI

IZ

Cite