Avrupa Birliği’nin Otoriterlik Sınavı: Macaristan Örneği

Year 2018, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 1554 - 1568, 30.09.2018

Recep Gülmez

https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.368622

Abstract

Öz

2010 yılı
itibariyle, Macaristan’da gittikçe artan bir şekilde otoriter bir siyasi yapı
gözlenmektedir. Başbakan Viktor Orbán’ın yönetiminde ki Fidesz hükümeti,
seçimlerde çoğunluğu alarak, anayasal değişiklikleri partinin amaçları
doğrultusunda yapabilmekte, medya organlarını yine parti çıkarlarına göre
yönlendirmekte ve muhalifleri susturmaktadır. Demokrasiye şekil veren hatta
başka ülkelerde demokrasinin desteklenmesini isteyen Batı bu kez kendi
içerisinde yükselen otoriterlikle mücadele etmek zorunda kalmıştır. Bu
çalışmamızda, Avrupa’da yükselen otoriterlik ve AB’nin tutumunu ele alacağız.
Çalışmamızda, otoriterlik üzerine söz konusu literatürü değerlendirdikten sonra
Macaristan’da yükselen otoriterlik konusuna örneklerle değineceğiz. Zaman zaman
Türkiye ile karşılaştırma yaptığımız çalışmamızda örnek vaka incelemesi (case
study) gerçekleştirdik. Çalışmamız tamamıyla doküman analiz yöntemi ile
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu açıdan, Venedik Komisyonu ve Avrupa Konseyi raporları
dikkate alınarak vaka incelemesi yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, otoriterliğin
sadece Batı dışı ülkelerde değil aynı zamanda Batı içinde olabileceği
vurgulanmış ve AB’nin otoriterliği durdurma veya engelleme hususunda yeterli
tedbirler alamadığı belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

Otoriterlik, Macaristan, Avrupa Birliği, İnsan Hakları, Turkey

Test of the European Union with Authoritarianism: Hungary

Abstract

As of 2010, there is an
increasing authoritarian political structure in Hungary. Winning the elections,
the Fidesz government led by Prime Minister Viktor Orbán makes constitutional
amendments in line with the party's purposes, guides the media outlets
according to its interests, and silences the opponents. The West, which supports
democracy even in other countries, has had to struggle with rising
authoritarianism within itself. In this study, the rising authoritarianism in
Europe and the position of the EU is examined. The study deals with the issue
of authoritarianism in Hungary after evaluating the literature on
authoritarianism. In the present study, which includes some comparisons with
Turkey, a case study has been carried out. It has been conducted through
document analysis method, taking into account the reports published by the
Venice Commission and Council of Europe. As a result, it is emphasized how the
EU remains weak in preventing authoritarianism and that authoritarianism can be
not only in non-Western countries but also in the West.

Keywords

Authoritarianism, Hungary, Turkey, European Union, Human Rights

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