The Question of the Social State in China: Hukou Problem

Year 2020, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 249 - 264, 31.03.2020

Hasan Gönder , Alp Acar

https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.659450

Abstract

The hukou system, which came into force in 1958, is the household registration system in China's immigration terminology that distinguishes rural and urban concepts from each other, as well as differentiate between the economic classes. In China, the residence certificate (Hùkǒu běn: 户口本) registered in the name of the citizen is determined by the place of birth.
This study consists of four chapters in total. In the first chapter, the conceptual framework of hukou are explained. The definition, origins and aims of the hukou are discussed. The preparation stage of the hukou system is examined and it is tried to explain why such a system was needed. In the second chapter, the main problems of this system are examined. In the third chapter, detailed researches about the historical development and transformation of the hukou system are carried out and the reform movements of the period are examined. In the last section, current problems are explained. In this study, the primary and secondary sources written about hukou system and the data of National Bureau of Statistics of China were used.    

Keywords

Hukou, China, Household Registration System, Rural Hukou, Urban Hukou

Çin’de Sosyal Devlet Sorunsalı: Hukou Problemi

Abstract

1958 yılında yürürlüğe giren hukou sistemi, Çin'in göç terminolojisinde yer alan, kır ve kent kavramlarını birbirinden ayrıştırarak yurttaşları arasında sınıfsal fark gözeten hane halkı kayıt sistemidir. Çin’de vatandaşın adına kayıtlı ikametgâh belgesi (Hùkǒu běn: 户口本), doğum yerine göre belirlenir.
Bu çalışma, toplamda dört bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde, hukou sisteminin kavramsal çerçevesi açıklanmıştır. Hukounun tanımı, kökenleri ve amaçları üzerinde durulmuştur ve hukou sisteminin hazırlanış safhası incelenmiş ve böyle bir sisteme neden ihtiyaç duyulduğu açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. İkinci bölümde, bu sistemin temel sıkıntıları irdelenmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde, hukou sisteminin tarihsel gelişimi ve dönüşümü ile ilgili detaylı araştırmalar yapılmış ve dönemin reform hareketleri incelenmiştir. Son bölümde ise güncel sorunlar açıklanmıştır. Bu çalışmada hukou ile ilgili yazılmış birincil ve ikincil kaynaklar ile Çin Ulusal İstatistik Bürosu’nun verileri kullanılmıştır.

Keywords

Hukou, Çin, Hane Halkı Kayıt Sistemi, Kentsel Hukou, Kırsal Hukou

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