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Firmalarda Bilgi İletişim Teknolojileri Kullanımı-Betimsel Analiz: Türkiye Örneği

Year 2021, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 1274 - 1301, 30.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.838008
An Erratum to this article was published on March 31, 2023. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/itobiad/issue/76122/1274990

Abstract

Firmalar, Bilgi İletişim Teknolojilerini (BİT) kullanarak tedarikçileri, dağıtıcıları, müşterileri ile etkin şekilde iletişim kurmakta, ülke sınırları ötesindeki potansiyel müşterilerine rahatlıkla ulaşabilmektedir. Bu sayede işlem maliyetlerini azaltmakta, zaman tasarrufu sağlamakta ve verimliliklerini arttırmaktadırlar. Firmalarda verimliliğin artması ülkenin ekonomik büyümesine katkı sağlarken, verimliliği artan firmalar çalışanlarına daha fazla ücret ödeyeceği için ülke refahında da artış olacaktır.
Çalışmada, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) Yıllık Sanayi ve Hizmet İstatistikleri ile Girişimlerde Bilgi Teknolojileri Kullanım Araştırması verileri kullanılmıştır. 2015 yılı verileri dikkate alınarak iki veri seti firma bazında birleştirilmiştir. İmalat sanayi ve hizmet sektörleri NACE gruplandırması Rev 2’ye göre iki haneli alt sektörlere ayrılmıştır. BİT değişkeni olarak web sitesi sahipliği, SCM, CRM ve ERP kullanımı her bir alt sektör için işgücü verimliliği ve çalışan başına ücret yönünden incelenmiştir. BİT değişkenleri kullanımına evet diyen grup ile BİT değişkenleri kullanımına hayır diyen iki grup arasında anlamlı bir farklılığın olup olmadığının ortaya konulması için t-testi yapılmıştır. t-testi varsayımlarını gerçekleştirmeyen küçük gözlem gruplarına sahip sektörler için parametrik olmayan Wilcoxon rank-sum (Mann Whitney) testi yapılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre; imalat sanayinde ve hizmet sektöründe oluşturulan alt sektörlerin çoğunda web sitesine sahip olanlarla olmayanlar arasında, ERP kullananlar ile kullanmayanlar arasında ve CRM kullananlar ile kullanmayanlar arasında işgücü verimliliği ve çalışan başına ücret yönünden anlamlı bir farklılık ortaya çıkmıştır. SCM kullanan ile kullanmayanlar arasında işgücü verimliliği ve çalışan başına ücret yönünden anlamlı farklılık çıkan alt sektör sayısı daha azdır.

Supporting Institution

ANADOLU ÜNİVERSİTESİ

Project Number

BAP-1401E017

Thanks

-Bu çalışma Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İktisat Anabilim Dalında Doktora Tezi olarak kabul edilen “Bilgi İletişim Teknolojileri Kullanımı ve Firma Performansı” isimli çalışmadan üretilmiştir. -Firma düzeyindeki verileri sağlayan Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK)’na ve yardımlarını hiçbir zaman esirgemeyen ilgili TÜİK personeline teşekkürü bir borç biliriz.

References

  • Aghion, P. ve Howitt, P. (1992). A model of growth through creative destruction. Econometrica, 60(2), 323-351. https://doi.org/10.3386/w3223
  • Bertschek, I., Hogrefe, J. ve Rasel, F. (2012). Internationalisation, productivity, and information technology use: an investigation at the level of the firm. Erişim adresi: https://www.etsg.org/ETSG2012/Programme/Papers/243.pdf
  • Biraori, O. E., Nyamasege, O. J. ve Joseph, B. N. (2015). Information technology and the effectiveness of supply chain management in the Kenya public sector. International Journal of Information, Business and Management, 7(3), 237. Erişim adresi: http://ijibm.site666.com/IJIBM_Vol7No3_Aug2015.pdf#page=242
  • Brynjolfsson, E. ve Hitt, L. M. (2000). Beyond computation: information technology, organizational transformation and business performance. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 14(4), 23-48. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.14.4.23
  • Bülbül, H., Topal, A. ve Büyükkeklik, A. (2016). The impact of contextual factors on the information technology use of firms: the case of Turkey. Journal of Alanya Faculty of Business/Alanya Isletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(2). Erişim adresi: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Hasan-Buelbuel-2/publication/320491443_The_impact_of_contextual_factors_on_the_information_technology_use_of_firms_The_case_of_Turkey/links/59e89db30f7e9bc89b54199f/The-impact-of-contextual-factors-on-the-information-technology-use-of-firms-The-case-of-Turkey.pdf
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2020). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı istatistik, araştırma deseni SPSS uygulamaları ve yorum. Ankara. Pegem Akademi
  • Demirbağ, E. (2004). Sorularla müşteri ilişkileri yönetimi (CRM: customer relationship management). İTO Yayınları.
  • Erdil, A. ve Başlıgil, H. (2011). Kurumsal kaynak planlamanın endüstriyel işletme bünyesinde kurulması- kurulumunda karşılaşılan sorunlar ve çözümleri. XI. Üretim Araştırmaları Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı. 624-640. Erişim adresi: http://acikerisim.ticaret.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/11467/564?show=full
  • Feng, K., Chen, E. T. ve Liou, W. (2005). Implementation of knowledge management systems and firm performance: an empirical investigation. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 45(2), 92-104. https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2005.11645835
  • Galve-Górriz, C. ve Castel, A. G. (2010). The relationship between human resources and information and communication technologies: Spanish firm-level evidence. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 5(1), 11-24. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-18762010000100003
  • Goswami, S., Engel, T. ve Krcmar, H. (2013). A comparative analysis of information visibility in two supply chain management information systems. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 26(3), 276-294. https://doi.org/10.1108/17410391311325234
  • Iammarino, S. ve Jona-Lasinio, C. (2013). ICT production and labour productivity in the Italian regions. European Urban and Regional Studies. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969776412464504
  • İlter, H. K. (2007). Bilgi sistemleri perspektifinden kaynak planlaması: etkiler ve değerler. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(11), 1-20. Erişim adresi: http://acikerisim.ticaret.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/11467/328
  • Jorgenson, D. W. (2001). Information technology and the US economy. The American Economic Review, 91(1), 0_6. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.91.1.1
  • Kabaklarlı, E. (2016). Endüstri 4.0 ve dijital ekonomi, dünya ve Türkiye ekonomisi için fırsatlar, etkiler ve tehditler. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık
  • Laudon, K. C. ve Laudon, J. P. (2014). Management information systems: managing the digital firm. (13th Edition. Global Edition). Pearson Education Limited
  • Liu, L., Miao, R. ve Li, C. (2007). The impacts of enterprise resource planning systems on firm performance: an empirical analysis of Chinese chemical firms. In Research and Practical Issues of Enterprise Information Systems II (pp. 579-587). Springer, Boston, MA. Erişim adresi: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-387-75902-9_64
  • Nicolaou, A. I. ve Bajor, L. H. (2004). ERP systems implementation and firm performance. Review of Business Information Systems (RBIS), 8(1), 53-60. https://doi.org/10.19030/rbis.v8i1.4504
  • O’Brien, J.A. ve Marakas, G.A. (2011). Management information systems. 10th Edition. McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
  • Patanapongse, W. (1998). Application of information technology to improve productivity in Thai manufacturing industry. Thai Journal of Devolopment Administration Vol,.311, No.4, (pp.55-77) Erişim adresi: http://library1.nida.ac.th/nida_jour0/NJv38n4_05.pdf
  • Poston, R. ve Grabski, S. (2000). The impact of enterprise resource planning systems on firm performance. ICIS 2000 Proceedings, 48. Erişim adresi: https://aisel.aisnet.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1141&context=icis2000
  • Solow, R. (1957). Technical change and the aggregate production function. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 312-320. https://doi.org/10.2307/1926047
  • Sun, H., Wang, Y. ve Wang, J. (2013). An empirical analysis on the performance of tourism enterprises implementing ERP. In 2nd International Symposium on Computer, Communication, Control and Automation (pp. 486-489). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/3ca-13.2013.118
  • Tsai, B. H. (2008). The impact of enterprise resource planning systems on the efficiency of Taiwanese firms. In 2008 IEEE Asia-Pacific Services Computing Conference (pp. 1441-1446). IEEE. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/APSCC.2008.251
  • TÜİK (2019). Girişimlerde bilgi teknolojileri kullanım araştırması. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Ankara
  • TÜİK (2019). Yıllık sanayi ve hizmet istatistikleri. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Ankara
  • Vu, K. M. (2011). ICT as a source of economic growth in the information age: empirical evidence from the 1996–2005 period. Telecommunications Policy, 35(4), 357-372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2011.02.008
  • Vural, B. A. ve Sabuncuoğlu, A. (2008). Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri ve ütopyan bakış açısı. Selçuk Üniversitesi İletişim Dergisi, Cilt:5, Sayı: 3, 5-19, Temmuz. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/josc/issue/19017/200679
  • Wieder, B., Booth, P., Matolcsy, Z. P. ve Ossimitz, M. L. (2006). The impact of ERP systems on firm and business process performance. Journal of Enterprise Information Management. Vol. 19 No. 1, pp. 13-29. https://doi.org/10.1108/17410390610636850
  • Xu, Y., Yen, D. C., Lin, B. ve Chou, D. C. (2002). Adopting customer relationship management technology. Industrial Management and Data Systems, 102(8), 442-452. https://doi.org/10.1108/02635570210445871
  • Yen, D. C., Chou, D. C. ve Chang, J. (2002). A synergic analysis for web-based enterprise resources planning systems. Computer Standards & Interfaces, 24(4), 337-346. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-5489(01)00105-2
  • Zhang, H. ve Zheng, H. (2019). An empirical study on the impact of ERP implementation on the performance of listed companies. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1213, No. 5, p. 052103). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1213/5/052103

Information Communication Technology Usage of Firms- Descriptive Analysis: The Case of Turkey

Year 2021, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 1274 - 1301, 30.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.838008
An Erratum to this article was published on March 31, 2023. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/itobiad/issue/76122/1274990

Abstract

Companies; by using Information Communication Technologies (ICT), communicate effectively with their suppliers, distributors and customers and can easily reach potential customers across the borders of the country. In this way, they reduce transaction costs, save time and increase their efficiency. While the increase in productivity in companies both contributes to the economic growth of the country, and the welfare of the country will increase as the companies with increased productivity will pay more to their employees.
In the study, Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT) Annual Industry and Service Statistics and Survey on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Usage in Enterprises are used. Considering the data of 2015, two data sets are combined on company basis. Manufacturing industry and service sectors are divided into two digit sub-sectors according to NACE grouping Rev.2. As ICT variables, website ownership, the use of, SCM, CRM, and ERP are examined in terms of labour productivity and wage per employee for each sub-sector. The t-test is conducted to reveal whether there is a significant difference between the group saying yes to the use of ICT variables and the other group saying no to the use of ICT variables. The nonparametric Wilcoxon rank-sum (Mann Whitney) test is conducted for sectors with small observation groups that don’t fulfill the t-test assumptions. According to the analysis results, in most of the sub-sectors created in the manufacturing industry and service sector, between those who own a website and those who do not own, between those who use ERP and those who do not, and between those who use CRM and those who do not, a significant difference emerged in terms of labour productivity and wage per employee. Between SCM users and non-users, fewer sub-sectors differ significantly in terms of labor productivity and wage per employee.

Project Number

BAP-1401E017

References

  • Aghion, P. ve Howitt, P. (1992). A model of growth through creative destruction. Econometrica, 60(2), 323-351. https://doi.org/10.3386/w3223
  • Bertschek, I., Hogrefe, J. ve Rasel, F. (2012). Internationalisation, productivity, and information technology use: an investigation at the level of the firm. Erişim adresi: https://www.etsg.org/ETSG2012/Programme/Papers/243.pdf
  • Biraori, O. E., Nyamasege, O. J. ve Joseph, B. N. (2015). Information technology and the effectiveness of supply chain management in the Kenya public sector. International Journal of Information, Business and Management, 7(3), 237. Erişim adresi: http://ijibm.site666.com/IJIBM_Vol7No3_Aug2015.pdf#page=242
  • Brynjolfsson, E. ve Hitt, L. M. (2000). Beyond computation: information technology, organizational transformation and business performance. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 14(4), 23-48. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.14.4.23
  • Bülbül, H., Topal, A. ve Büyükkeklik, A. (2016). The impact of contextual factors on the information technology use of firms: the case of Turkey. Journal of Alanya Faculty of Business/Alanya Isletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(2). Erişim adresi: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Hasan-Buelbuel-2/publication/320491443_The_impact_of_contextual_factors_on_the_information_technology_use_of_firms_The_case_of_Turkey/links/59e89db30f7e9bc89b54199f/The-impact-of-contextual-factors-on-the-information-technology-use-of-firms-The-case-of-Turkey.pdf
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2020). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı istatistik, araştırma deseni SPSS uygulamaları ve yorum. Ankara. Pegem Akademi
  • Demirbağ, E. (2004). Sorularla müşteri ilişkileri yönetimi (CRM: customer relationship management). İTO Yayınları.
  • Erdil, A. ve Başlıgil, H. (2011). Kurumsal kaynak planlamanın endüstriyel işletme bünyesinde kurulması- kurulumunda karşılaşılan sorunlar ve çözümleri. XI. Üretim Araştırmaları Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı. 624-640. Erişim adresi: http://acikerisim.ticaret.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/11467/564?show=full
  • Feng, K., Chen, E. T. ve Liou, W. (2005). Implementation of knowledge management systems and firm performance: an empirical investigation. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 45(2), 92-104. https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2005.11645835
  • Galve-Górriz, C. ve Castel, A. G. (2010). The relationship between human resources and information and communication technologies: Spanish firm-level evidence. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 5(1), 11-24. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-18762010000100003
  • Goswami, S., Engel, T. ve Krcmar, H. (2013). A comparative analysis of information visibility in two supply chain management information systems. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 26(3), 276-294. https://doi.org/10.1108/17410391311325234
  • Iammarino, S. ve Jona-Lasinio, C. (2013). ICT production and labour productivity in the Italian regions. European Urban and Regional Studies. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969776412464504
  • İlter, H. K. (2007). Bilgi sistemleri perspektifinden kaynak planlaması: etkiler ve değerler. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(11), 1-20. Erişim adresi: http://acikerisim.ticaret.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/11467/328
  • Jorgenson, D. W. (2001). Information technology and the US economy. The American Economic Review, 91(1), 0_6. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.91.1.1
  • Kabaklarlı, E. (2016). Endüstri 4.0 ve dijital ekonomi, dünya ve Türkiye ekonomisi için fırsatlar, etkiler ve tehditler. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık
  • Laudon, K. C. ve Laudon, J. P. (2014). Management information systems: managing the digital firm. (13th Edition. Global Edition). Pearson Education Limited
  • Liu, L., Miao, R. ve Li, C. (2007). The impacts of enterprise resource planning systems on firm performance: an empirical analysis of Chinese chemical firms. In Research and Practical Issues of Enterprise Information Systems II (pp. 579-587). Springer, Boston, MA. Erişim adresi: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-387-75902-9_64
  • Nicolaou, A. I. ve Bajor, L. H. (2004). ERP systems implementation and firm performance. Review of Business Information Systems (RBIS), 8(1), 53-60. https://doi.org/10.19030/rbis.v8i1.4504
  • O’Brien, J.A. ve Marakas, G.A. (2011). Management information systems. 10th Edition. McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
  • Patanapongse, W. (1998). Application of information technology to improve productivity in Thai manufacturing industry. Thai Journal of Devolopment Administration Vol,.311, No.4, (pp.55-77) Erişim adresi: http://library1.nida.ac.th/nida_jour0/NJv38n4_05.pdf
  • Poston, R. ve Grabski, S. (2000). The impact of enterprise resource planning systems on firm performance. ICIS 2000 Proceedings, 48. Erişim adresi: https://aisel.aisnet.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1141&context=icis2000
  • Solow, R. (1957). Technical change and the aggregate production function. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 312-320. https://doi.org/10.2307/1926047
  • Sun, H., Wang, Y. ve Wang, J. (2013). An empirical analysis on the performance of tourism enterprises implementing ERP. In 2nd International Symposium on Computer, Communication, Control and Automation (pp. 486-489). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/3ca-13.2013.118
  • Tsai, B. H. (2008). The impact of enterprise resource planning systems on the efficiency of Taiwanese firms. In 2008 IEEE Asia-Pacific Services Computing Conference (pp. 1441-1446). IEEE. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/APSCC.2008.251
  • TÜİK (2019). Girişimlerde bilgi teknolojileri kullanım araştırması. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Ankara
  • TÜİK (2019). Yıllık sanayi ve hizmet istatistikleri. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Ankara
  • Vu, K. M. (2011). ICT as a source of economic growth in the information age: empirical evidence from the 1996–2005 period. Telecommunications Policy, 35(4), 357-372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2011.02.008
  • Vural, B. A. ve Sabuncuoğlu, A. (2008). Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri ve ütopyan bakış açısı. Selçuk Üniversitesi İletişim Dergisi, Cilt:5, Sayı: 3, 5-19, Temmuz. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/josc/issue/19017/200679
  • Wieder, B., Booth, P., Matolcsy, Z. P. ve Ossimitz, M. L. (2006). The impact of ERP systems on firm and business process performance. Journal of Enterprise Information Management. Vol. 19 No. 1, pp. 13-29. https://doi.org/10.1108/17410390610636850
  • Xu, Y., Yen, D. C., Lin, B. ve Chou, D. C. (2002). Adopting customer relationship management technology. Industrial Management and Data Systems, 102(8), 442-452. https://doi.org/10.1108/02635570210445871
  • Yen, D. C., Chou, D. C. ve Chang, J. (2002). A synergic analysis for web-based enterprise resources planning systems. Computer Standards & Interfaces, 24(4), 337-346. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-5489(01)00105-2
  • Zhang, H. ve Zheng, H. (2019). An empirical study on the impact of ERP implementation on the performance of listed companies. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1213, No. 5, p. 052103). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1213/5/052103
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Economics
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Gül Güney 0000-0003-4915-4628

Project Number BAP-1401E017
Publication Date June 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 10 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Güney, G. (2021). Firmalarda Bilgi İletişim Teknolojileri Kullanımı-Betimsel Analiz: Türkiye Örneği. İnsan Ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10(2), 1274-1301. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.838008

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