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Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 888 - 911, 30.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1214983

Abstract

References

  • Avetisyan, M. and Hertel, T., (2021), Impacts of Trade Facilitation on Modal Choice and International Trade Flows, Economics of Transportation, 28, pp. 1-18.
  • Bahadır, S. (2018, 31 Aralık). Ticaretin Kolaylaştırılması Antlaşması Yürürlüğe Giriyor, Dünya Gazetesi, 27.02.2017, https://www.dunya.com/kose-yazisi/ticaretin-kolaylastirilmasi-anlasmasi-yururluge-giriyor/351624.
  • Drzeniek Hanouz, M., Geiger, T. and Doherty, S. (2014). The Global Enabling Trade Report 2014, World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • European Commission International Cooperation and Development. (2018, 17 Nisan). Trade Facilitation, https://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/sectors/economic-growth/trade/trade-facilitation_en.
  • Finger, J. M. and Wilson, J. S. (2007), Implementing a Trade Facilitation Agreement in the WTO: What Makes Sense?, Pasific Economic Review, 12(3), pp. 335-355.
  • Global Alliance For Trade Facilitation. (2016). The Global Enabling Trade Report 2016, World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Hoekman, B and Shepherd, B. (2015). Who Profits from Trade Facilitation Initiatives? Implications for African Countries, Journal of African Trade, 2(1-2), pp. 51-70.
  • International Trade Centre. (2020, 1 Aralık). About ITC, https://www.intracen.org/itc/about/.
  • International Trade Centre. (2020, 2 Aralık). Areas of Work, https://www.intracen.org/itc/about/mission-and-objectives/.
  • International Trade Centre. (2020, 5 Aralık). Building a Conducive Business Environment, https://www.intracen.org/itc/goals/Building-a-conducive-business-environment/.
  • International Trade Centre. (2020, 10 Aralık). Annual Report 2019, https://www.intracen.org/uploadedFiles/intracenorg/Content/About_ITC/Corporate_Documents/Annual_Report/ITC_AnnualReport2019_ENG_20200630_web_reduced.pdf.
  • Jiahao, S, Ibrahim, R. L., Bello, K. A. and Oke, D. M. (2022). Trade Facilitation, Institutions, and Sustainable Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa, African Development Review, 34(2), pp. 201-214.
  • Lawrence, Robert Z., Blanke, J., Drzeniek Hanouz, M. and Moavenzadeh, J. (2008). The Global Enabling Trade Report 2008, World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Lawrence, Robert Z., Drzeniek Hanouz, M. and Moavenzadeh, J. (2009). The Global Enabling Trade Report 2009, World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Lawrence, Robert Z., Drzeniek Hanouz, M., Doherty, S. and Moavenzadeh, John. (2010). The Global Enabling Trade Report 2010, World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Lawrence, Robert Z., Drzeniek Hanouz, M. and Doherty, S. (2012). The Global Enabling Trade Report 2012: Reducing Supply Chain Barriers, World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Nguyen, T. T., Nguyen T. A. and Giang, H. T. (2014). Trade Facilitation in Asia Members-A Focus on Logistics Policies Toward ASEAN Economic Community, SECO/WTI Academic Cooperation Project Working Paper Series.
  • OECD. (2020, 28 Kasım). Convention on the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, https://www.oecd.org/general/conventionontheorganisationforeconomicco-operationanddevelopment.htm.
  • OECD. (2020, 29 Kasım). Trade Facilitation, http://www.oecd.org/trade/topics/trade-facilitation/, Erişim Tarihi: 29.11.2020.
  • OECD. (2022, 15 Ağustos). Trade Facilitation Indicators Simulator, https://sim.oecd.org/Simulator.ashx?lang=En&ds=TFI&d1c=oecd&d2c=tur.
  • Pomfret, R. (2016). Multilateralism and Regionalism in the South Pacific: World Trade Organization and Regional Fora as Complementary Institutions for Trade Facilitation, Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies, 3(3), pp. 420-429.
  • Read, R. (2004). The Implications of Increasing Globalization and Regionalism for the Economic Growth of Small Island States, World Development, 32(2), pp. 365-378.
  • Ugaz, P. (2020, 31 Ekim). The World Trade Organization’s Trade Facilitation Agreement at two: Whre do members stand?, UNCTAD, https://unctad.org/news/world-trade-organizations-trade-facilitation-agreement-two-where-do-members-stand.
  • T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı. (2016, 5 Mart). “Milletler Arası Andlaşma”, Resmi Gazete.
  • T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı. (2019, 13 Nisan). “Genelge”, Resmi Gazete.
  • T.C. Ticaret Bakanlığı. (2020, 16 Kasım). Dünya Gümrük Örgütü, https://ticaret.gov.tr/dis-iliskiler/cok-tarafli-ve-bolgesel-iliskiler/cok-tarafli-iliskiler/dunya-gumruk-orgutu.
  • Ticaretin Kolaylaştırılması Koordinasyon Komitesi. (2021, 13 Temmuz). Ticaretin Kolaylaştırılması Türkiye Stratejisi ve Beş Yıllık Eylem Planı (2018-2022), https://kolayticaret.gov.tr/userfiles/files/EylemPlaniFull.pdf.
  • UNCTAD. (2020). SDG Pulse 2020 Unctad Takes the Pulse of SDGs, United Nations, Geneva.
  • UNECE. (2022, 1 Ağustos). Global Survey on Digital and Sustainable Trade Facilitation, https://unece.org/trade/outreach-support-TF/global-survey-digital-and-sustainable-trade-facilitation?ref=untfsurvey.org.
  • UNECE. (2020, 23 Kasım). Trade Facilitation, http://www.unece.org/leginstr/trade.html.
  • UN Global Survey on Digital and Sustainable Trade Facilitation. (2022, 15 Ağustos). Interactive Chart of UN Global Survey Results, https://www.untfsurvey.org/world.
  • United Nations. (1964). Proceedings of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Geneva, 23 March-16 June 1964, Volume I: Final Act and Report, New York.
  • WCO. (2020, 12 Kasım). Discover the WCO, http://www.wcoomd.org/en/about-us/what-is-the-wco/discover-the-wco.aspx.
  • WCO. (2020, 16 Kasım). What is Securing and Facilitating Legitimate Global Trade, http://www.wcoomd.org/en/topics/facilitation/overview/customs-procedures-and-facilitation.aspx.
  • Widdowson, D., Short, G., Blegen, B and Kashubsky, M., (2018). National Committees on Trade Facilitation, World Customs Journal, 12(1), pp. 27-48.
  • Woo, Y. P. and Wilson, J., (2000). Cutting through Red Tape: New Directions for APEC’s Trade Facilitation Agenda, Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada, 2000.
  • World Bank. (2020, 28 Kasım). Trade Facilitation Support Program (TFSP), https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/trade-facilitation-support-program#1.
  • World Bank Group. (2021, 10 Temmuz). Doing Business 2020-Economy Profile Turkey, https://www.doingbusiness.org/en/reports/global-reports/doing-business-2020.
  • World Bank Group. (2021, 13 Temmuz). Logistic Performance Index-Country Score Card: Turkey 2018, https://lpi.worldbank.org/international/scorecard/column/254/C/TUR/2018/C/TUR/2016/C/TUR/2014/C/TUR/2012/C/TUR/2010/C/TUR/2007#chartarea.
  • World Bank Group. (2020, 28 Kasım). Trade Facilitation Support Program Making Trade Faster and More Affordable, http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/119111561482785120/TFSP-Brochure-2019-web.pdf.
  • World Trade Organization. (2022, 6 Nisan). The WTO and the International Trade Centre (ITC), https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/coher_e/wto_itc_e.htm.
  • World Trade Organization. (2018, 6 Haziran). The Trade Facilitation Agreement: An Overview, https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tradfa_e/tradfatheagreement_e.htm.
  • World Trade Organization. (2020, 28 Ekim). The WTO, https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/thewto_e.htm.
  • World Trade Organization. (2020, 31 Ekim). Trade Facilitation, https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tradfa_e/tradfa_e.htm#II.
Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 888 - 911, 30.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1214983

Abstract

References

  • Avetisyan, M. and Hertel, T., (2021), Impacts of Trade Facilitation on Modal Choice and International Trade Flows, Economics of Transportation, 28, pp. 1-18.
  • Bahadır, S. (2018, 31 Aralık). Ticaretin Kolaylaştırılması Antlaşması Yürürlüğe Giriyor, Dünya Gazetesi, 27.02.2017, https://www.dunya.com/kose-yazisi/ticaretin-kolaylastirilmasi-anlasmasi-yururluge-giriyor/351624.
  • Drzeniek Hanouz, M., Geiger, T. and Doherty, S. (2014). The Global Enabling Trade Report 2014, World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • European Commission International Cooperation and Development. (2018, 17 Nisan). Trade Facilitation, https://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/sectors/economic-growth/trade/trade-facilitation_en.
  • Finger, J. M. and Wilson, J. S. (2007), Implementing a Trade Facilitation Agreement in the WTO: What Makes Sense?, Pasific Economic Review, 12(3), pp. 335-355.
  • Global Alliance For Trade Facilitation. (2016). The Global Enabling Trade Report 2016, World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Hoekman, B and Shepherd, B. (2015). Who Profits from Trade Facilitation Initiatives? Implications for African Countries, Journal of African Trade, 2(1-2), pp. 51-70.
  • International Trade Centre. (2020, 1 Aralık). About ITC, https://www.intracen.org/itc/about/.
  • International Trade Centre. (2020, 2 Aralık). Areas of Work, https://www.intracen.org/itc/about/mission-and-objectives/.
  • International Trade Centre. (2020, 5 Aralık). Building a Conducive Business Environment, https://www.intracen.org/itc/goals/Building-a-conducive-business-environment/.
  • International Trade Centre. (2020, 10 Aralık). Annual Report 2019, https://www.intracen.org/uploadedFiles/intracenorg/Content/About_ITC/Corporate_Documents/Annual_Report/ITC_AnnualReport2019_ENG_20200630_web_reduced.pdf.
  • Jiahao, S, Ibrahim, R. L., Bello, K. A. and Oke, D. M. (2022). Trade Facilitation, Institutions, and Sustainable Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa, African Development Review, 34(2), pp. 201-214.
  • Lawrence, Robert Z., Blanke, J., Drzeniek Hanouz, M. and Moavenzadeh, J. (2008). The Global Enabling Trade Report 2008, World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Lawrence, Robert Z., Drzeniek Hanouz, M. and Moavenzadeh, J. (2009). The Global Enabling Trade Report 2009, World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Lawrence, Robert Z., Drzeniek Hanouz, M., Doherty, S. and Moavenzadeh, John. (2010). The Global Enabling Trade Report 2010, World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Lawrence, Robert Z., Drzeniek Hanouz, M. and Doherty, S. (2012). The Global Enabling Trade Report 2012: Reducing Supply Chain Barriers, World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Nguyen, T. T., Nguyen T. A. and Giang, H. T. (2014). Trade Facilitation in Asia Members-A Focus on Logistics Policies Toward ASEAN Economic Community, SECO/WTI Academic Cooperation Project Working Paper Series.
  • OECD. (2020, 28 Kasım). Convention on the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, https://www.oecd.org/general/conventionontheorganisationforeconomicco-operationanddevelopment.htm.
  • OECD. (2020, 29 Kasım). Trade Facilitation, http://www.oecd.org/trade/topics/trade-facilitation/, Erişim Tarihi: 29.11.2020.
  • OECD. (2022, 15 Ağustos). Trade Facilitation Indicators Simulator, https://sim.oecd.org/Simulator.ashx?lang=En&ds=TFI&d1c=oecd&d2c=tur.
  • Pomfret, R. (2016). Multilateralism and Regionalism in the South Pacific: World Trade Organization and Regional Fora as Complementary Institutions for Trade Facilitation, Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies, 3(3), pp. 420-429.
  • Read, R. (2004). The Implications of Increasing Globalization and Regionalism for the Economic Growth of Small Island States, World Development, 32(2), pp. 365-378.
  • Ugaz, P. (2020, 31 Ekim). The World Trade Organization’s Trade Facilitation Agreement at two: Whre do members stand?, UNCTAD, https://unctad.org/news/world-trade-organizations-trade-facilitation-agreement-two-where-do-members-stand.
  • T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı. (2016, 5 Mart). “Milletler Arası Andlaşma”, Resmi Gazete.
  • T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı. (2019, 13 Nisan). “Genelge”, Resmi Gazete.
  • T.C. Ticaret Bakanlığı. (2020, 16 Kasım). Dünya Gümrük Örgütü, https://ticaret.gov.tr/dis-iliskiler/cok-tarafli-ve-bolgesel-iliskiler/cok-tarafli-iliskiler/dunya-gumruk-orgutu.
  • Ticaretin Kolaylaştırılması Koordinasyon Komitesi. (2021, 13 Temmuz). Ticaretin Kolaylaştırılması Türkiye Stratejisi ve Beş Yıllık Eylem Planı (2018-2022), https://kolayticaret.gov.tr/userfiles/files/EylemPlaniFull.pdf.
  • UNCTAD. (2020). SDG Pulse 2020 Unctad Takes the Pulse of SDGs, United Nations, Geneva.
  • UNECE. (2022, 1 Ağustos). Global Survey on Digital and Sustainable Trade Facilitation, https://unece.org/trade/outreach-support-TF/global-survey-digital-and-sustainable-trade-facilitation?ref=untfsurvey.org.
  • UNECE. (2020, 23 Kasım). Trade Facilitation, http://www.unece.org/leginstr/trade.html.
  • UN Global Survey on Digital and Sustainable Trade Facilitation. (2022, 15 Ağustos). Interactive Chart of UN Global Survey Results, https://www.untfsurvey.org/world.
  • United Nations. (1964). Proceedings of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Geneva, 23 March-16 June 1964, Volume I: Final Act and Report, New York.
  • WCO. (2020, 12 Kasım). Discover the WCO, http://www.wcoomd.org/en/about-us/what-is-the-wco/discover-the-wco.aspx.
  • WCO. (2020, 16 Kasım). What is Securing and Facilitating Legitimate Global Trade, http://www.wcoomd.org/en/topics/facilitation/overview/customs-procedures-and-facilitation.aspx.
  • Widdowson, D., Short, G., Blegen, B and Kashubsky, M., (2018). National Committees on Trade Facilitation, World Customs Journal, 12(1), pp. 27-48.
  • Woo, Y. P. and Wilson, J., (2000). Cutting through Red Tape: New Directions for APEC’s Trade Facilitation Agenda, Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada, 2000.
  • World Bank. (2020, 28 Kasım). Trade Facilitation Support Program (TFSP), https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/trade-facilitation-support-program#1.
  • World Bank Group. (2021, 10 Temmuz). Doing Business 2020-Economy Profile Turkey, https://www.doingbusiness.org/en/reports/global-reports/doing-business-2020.
  • World Bank Group. (2021, 13 Temmuz). Logistic Performance Index-Country Score Card: Turkey 2018, https://lpi.worldbank.org/international/scorecard/column/254/C/TUR/2018/C/TUR/2016/C/TUR/2014/C/TUR/2012/C/TUR/2010/C/TUR/2007#chartarea.
  • World Bank Group. (2020, 28 Kasım). Trade Facilitation Support Program Making Trade Faster and More Affordable, http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/119111561482785120/TFSP-Brochure-2019-web.pdf.
  • World Trade Organization. (2022, 6 Nisan). The WTO and the International Trade Centre (ITC), https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/coher_e/wto_itc_e.htm.
  • World Trade Organization. (2018, 6 Haziran). The Trade Facilitation Agreement: An Overview, https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tradfa_e/tradfatheagreement_e.htm.
  • World Trade Organization. (2020, 28 Ekim). The WTO, https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/thewto_e.htm.
  • World Trade Organization. (2020, 31 Ekim). Trade Facilitation, https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tradfa_e/tradfa_e.htm#II.
Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 888 - 911, 30.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1214983

Abstract

References

  • Avetisyan, M. and Hertel, T., (2021), Impacts of Trade Facilitation on Modal Choice and International Trade Flows, Economics of Transportation, 28, pp. 1-18.
  • Bahadır, S. (2018, 31 Aralık). Ticaretin Kolaylaştırılması Antlaşması Yürürlüğe Giriyor, Dünya Gazetesi, 27.02.2017, https://www.dunya.com/kose-yazisi/ticaretin-kolaylastirilmasi-anlasmasi-yururluge-giriyor/351624.
  • Drzeniek Hanouz, M., Geiger, T. and Doherty, S. (2014). The Global Enabling Trade Report 2014, World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • European Commission International Cooperation and Development. (2018, 17 Nisan). Trade Facilitation, https://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/sectors/economic-growth/trade/trade-facilitation_en.
  • Finger, J. M. and Wilson, J. S. (2007), Implementing a Trade Facilitation Agreement in the WTO: What Makes Sense?, Pasific Economic Review, 12(3), pp. 335-355.
  • Global Alliance For Trade Facilitation. (2016). The Global Enabling Trade Report 2016, World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Hoekman, B and Shepherd, B. (2015). Who Profits from Trade Facilitation Initiatives? Implications for African Countries, Journal of African Trade, 2(1-2), pp. 51-70.
  • International Trade Centre. (2020, 1 Aralık). About ITC, https://www.intracen.org/itc/about/.
  • International Trade Centre. (2020, 2 Aralık). Areas of Work, https://www.intracen.org/itc/about/mission-and-objectives/.
  • International Trade Centre. (2020, 5 Aralık). Building a Conducive Business Environment, https://www.intracen.org/itc/goals/Building-a-conducive-business-environment/.
  • International Trade Centre. (2020, 10 Aralık). Annual Report 2019, https://www.intracen.org/uploadedFiles/intracenorg/Content/About_ITC/Corporate_Documents/Annual_Report/ITC_AnnualReport2019_ENG_20200630_web_reduced.pdf.
  • Jiahao, S, Ibrahim, R. L., Bello, K. A. and Oke, D. M. (2022). Trade Facilitation, Institutions, and Sustainable Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa, African Development Review, 34(2), pp. 201-214.
  • Lawrence, Robert Z., Blanke, J., Drzeniek Hanouz, M. and Moavenzadeh, J. (2008). The Global Enabling Trade Report 2008, World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Lawrence, Robert Z., Drzeniek Hanouz, M. and Moavenzadeh, J. (2009). The Global Enabling Trade Report 2009, World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Lawrence, Robert Z., Drzeniek Hanouz, M., Doherty, S. and Moavenzadeh, John. (2010). The Global Enabling Trade Report 2010, World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Lawrence, Robert Z., Drzeniek Hanouz, M. and Doherty, S. (2012). The Global Enabling Trade Report 2012: Reducing Supply Chain Barriers, World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Nguyen, T. T., Nguyen T. A. and Giang, H. T. (2014). Trade Facilitation in Asia Members-A Focus on Logistics Policies Toward ASEAN Economic Community, SECO/WTI Academic Cooperation Project Working Paper Series.
  • OECD. (2020, 28 Kasım). Convention on the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, https://www.oecd.org/general/conventionontheorganisationforeconomicco-operationanddevelopment.htm.
  • OECD. (2020, 29 Kasım). Trade Facilitation, http://www.oecd.org/trade/topics/trade-facilitation/, Erişim Tarihi: 29.11.2020.
  • OECD. (2022, 15 Ağustos). Trade Facilitation Indicators Simulator, https://sim.oecd.org/Simulator.ashx?lang=En&ds=TFI&d1c=oecd&d2c=tur.
  • Pomfret, R. (2016). Multilateralism and Regionalism in the South Pacific: World Trade Organization and Regional Fora as Complementary Institutions for Trade Facilitation, Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies, 3(3), pp. 420-429.
  • Read, R. (2004). The Implications of Increasing Globalization and Regionalism for the Economic Growth of Small Island States, World Development, 32(2), pp. 365-378.
  • Ugaz, P. (2020, 31 Ekim). The World Trade Organization’s Trade Facilitation Agreement at two: Whre do members stand?, UNCTAD, https://unctad.org/news/world-trade-organizations-trade-facilitation-agreement-two-where-do-members-stand.
  • T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı. (2016, 5 Mart). “Milletler Arası Andlaşma”, Resmi Gazete.
  • T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı. (2019, 13 Nisan). “Genelge”, Resmi Gazete.
  • T.C. Ticaret Bakanlığı. (2020, 16 Kasım). Dünya Gümrük Örgütü, https://ticaret.gov.tr/dis-iliskiler/cok-tarafli-ve-bolgesel-iliskiler/cok-tarafli-iliskiler/dunya-gumruk-orgutu.
  • Ticaretin Kolaylaştırılması Koordinasyon Komitesi. (2021, 13 Temmuz). Ticaretin Kolaylaştırılması Türkiye Stratejisi ve Beş Yıllık Eylem Planı (2018-2022), https://kolayticaret.gov.tr/userfiles/files/EylemPlaniFull.pdf.
  • UNCTAD. (2020). SDG Pulse 2020 Unctad Takes the Pulse of SDGs, United Nations, Geneva.
  • UNECE. (2022, 1 Ağustos). Global Survey on Digital and Sustainable Trade Facilitation, https://unece.org/trade/outreach-support-TF/global-survey-digital-and-sustainable-trade-facilitation?ref=untfsurvey.org.
  • UNECE. (2020, 23 Kasım). Trade Facilitation, http://www.unece.org/leginstr/trade.html.
  • UN Global Survey on Digital and Sustainable Trade Facilitation. (2022, 15 Ağustos). Interactive Chart of UN Global Survey Results, https://www.untfsurvey.org/world.
  • United Nations. (1964). Proceedings of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Geneva, 23 March-16 June 1964, Volume I: Final Act and Report, New York.
  • WCO. (2020, 12 Kasım). Discover the WCO, http://www.wcoomd.org/en/about-us/what-is-the-wco/discover-the-wco.aspx.
  • WCO. (2020, 16 Kasım). What is Securing and Facilitating Legitimate Global Trade, http://www.wcoomd.org/en/topics/facilitation/overview/customs-procedures-and-facilitation.aspx.
  • Widdowson, D., Short, G., Blegen, B and Kashubsky, M., (2018). National Committees on Trade Facilitation, World Customs Journal, 12(1), pp. 27-48.
  • Woo, Y. P. and Wilson, J., (2000). Cutting through Red Tape: New Directions for APEC’s Trade Facilitation Agenda, Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada, 2000.
  • World Bank. (2020, 28 Kasım). Trade Facilitation Support Program (TFSP), https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/trade-facilitation-support-program#1.
  • World Bank Group. (2021, 10 Temmuz). Doing Business 2020-Economy Profile Turkey, https://www.doingbusiness.org/en/reports/global-reports/doing-business-2020.
  • World Bank Group. (2021, 13 Temmuz). Logistic Performance Index-Country Score Card: Turkey 2018, https://lpi.worldbank.org/international/scorecard/column/254/C/TUR/2018/C/TUR/2016/C/TUR/2014/C/TUR/2012/C/TUR/2010/C/TUR/2007#chartarea.
  • World Bank Group. (2020, 28 Kasım). Trade Facilitation Support Program Making Trade Faster and More Affordable, http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/119111561482785120/TFSP-Brochure-2019-web.pdf.
  • World Trade Organization. (2022, 6 Nisan). The WTO and the International Trade Centre (ITC), https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/coher_e/wto_itc_e.htm.
  • World Trade Organization. (2018, 6 Haziran). The Trade Facilitation Agreement: An Overview, https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tradfa_e/tradfatheagreement_e.htm.
  • World Trade Organization. (2020, 28 Ekim). The WTO, https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/thewto_e.htm.
  • World Trade Organization. (2020, 31 Ekim). Trade Facilitation, https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tradfa_e/tradfa_e.htm#II.
Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 888 - 911, 30.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1214983

Abstract

References

  • Avetisyan, M. and Hertel, T., (2021), Impacts of Trade Facilitation on Modal Choice and International Trade Flows, Economics of Transportation, 28, pp. 1-18.
  • Bahadır, S. (2018, 31 Aralık). Ticaretin Kolaylaştırılması Antlaşması Yürürlüğe Giriyor, Dünya Gazetesi, 27.02.2017, https://www.dunya.com/kose-yazisi/ticaretin-kolaylastirilmasi-anlasmasi-yururluge-giriyor/351624.
  • Drzeniek Hanouz, M., Geiger, T. and Doherty, S. (2014). The Global Enabling Trade Report 2014, World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • European Commission International Cooperation and Development. (2018, 17 Nisan). Trade Facilitation, https://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/sectors/economic-growth/trade/trade-facilitation_en.
  • Finger, J. M. and Wilson, J. S. (2007), Implementing a Trade Facilitation Agreement in the WTO: What Makes Sense?, Pasific Economic Review, 12(3), pp. 335-355.
  • Global Alliance For Trade Facilitation. (2016). The Global Enabling Trade Report 2016, World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Hoekman, B and Shepherd, B. (2015). Who Profits from Trade Facilitation Initiatives? Implications for African Countries, Journal of African Trade, 2(1-2), pp. 51-70.
  • International Trade Centre. (2020, 1 Aralık). About ITC, https://www.intracen.org/itc/about/.
  • International Trade Centre. (2020, 2 Aralık). Areas of Work, https://www.intracen.org/itc/about/mission-and-objectives/.
  • International Trade Centre. (2020, 5 Aralık). Building a Conducive Business Environment, https://www.intracen.org/itc/goals/Building-a-conducive-business-environment/.
  • International Trade Centre. (2020, 10 Aralık). Annual Report 2019, https://www.intracen.org/uploadedFiles/intracenorg/Content/About_ITC/Corporate_Documents/Annual_Report/ITC_AnnualReport2019_ENG_20200630_web_reduced.pdf.
  • Jiahao, S, Ibrahim, R. L., Bello, K. A. and Oke, D. M. (2022). Trade Facilitation, Institutions, and Sustainable Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa, African Development Review, 34(2), pp. 201-214.
  • Lawrence, Robert Z., Blanke, J., Drzeniek Hanouz, M. and Moavenzadeh, J. (2008). The Global Enabling Trade Report 2008, World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Lawrence, Robert Z., Drzeniek Hanouz, M. and Moavenzadeh, J. (2009). The Global Enabling Trade Report 2009, World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Lawrence, Robert Z., Drzeniek Hanouz, M., Doherty, S. and Moavenzadeh, John. (2010). The Global Enabling Trade Report 2010, World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Lawrence, Robert Z., Drzeniek Hanouz, M. and Doherty, S. (2012). The Global Enabling Trade Report 2012: Reducing Supply Chain Barriers, World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Nguyen, T. T., Nguyen T. A. and Giang, H. T. (2014). Trade Facilitation in Asia Members-A Focus on Logistics Policies Toward ASEAN Economic Community, SECO/WTI Academic Cooperation Project Working Paper Series.
  • OECD. (2020, 28 Kasım). Convention on the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, https://www.oecd.org/general/conventionontheorganisationforeconomicco-operationanddevelopment.htm.
  • OECD. (2020, 29 Kasım). Trade Facilitation, http://www.oecd.org/trade/topics/trade-facilitation/, Erişim Tarihi: 29.11.2020.
  • OECD. (2022, 15 Ağustos). Trade Facilitation Indicators Simulator, https://sim.oecd.org/Simulator.ashx?lang=En&ds=TFI&d1c=oecd&d2c=tur.
  • Pomfret, R. (2016). Multilateralism and Regionalism in the South Pacific: World Trade Organization and Regional Fora as Complementary Institutions for Trade Facilitation, Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies, 3(3), pp. 420-429.
  • Read, R. (2004). The Implications of Increasing Globalization and Regionalism for the Economic Growth of Small Island States, World Development, 32(2), pp. 365-378.
  • Ugaz, P. (2020, 31 Ekim). The World Trade Organization’s Trade Facilitation Agreement at two: Whre do members stand?, UNCTAD, https://unctad.org/news/world-trade-organizations-trade-facilitation-agreement-two-where-do-members-stand.
  • T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı. (2016, 5 Mart). “Milletler Arası Andlaşma”, Resmi Gazete.
  • T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı. (2019, 13 Nisan). “Genelge”, Resmi Gazete.
  • T.C. Ticaret Bakanlığı. (2020, 16 Kasım). Dünya Gümrük Örgütü, https://ticaret.gov.tr/dis-iliskiler/cok-tarafli-ve-bolgesel-iliskiler/cok-tarafli-iliskiler/dunya-gumruk-orgutu.
  • Ticaretin Kolaylaştırılması Koordinasyon Komitesi. (2021, 13 Temmuz). Ticaretin Kolaylaştırılması Türkiye Stratejisi ve Beş Yıllık Eylem Planı (2018-2022), https://kolayticaret.gov.tr/userfiles/files/EylemPlaniFull.pdf.
  • UNCTAD. (2020). SDG Pulse 2020 Unctad Takes the Pulse of SDGs, United Nations, Geneva.
  • UNECE. (2022, 1 Ağustos). Global Survey on Digital and Sustainable Trade Facilitation, https://unece.org/trade/outreach-support-TF/global-survey-digital-and-sustainable-trade-facilitation?ref=untfsurvey.org.
  • UNECE. (2020, 23 Kasım). Trade Facilitation, http://www.unece.org/leginstr/trade.html.
  • UN Global Survey on Digital and Sustainable Trade Facilitation. (2022, 15 Ağustos). Interactive Chart of UN Global Survey Results, https://www.untfsurvey.org/world.
  • United Nations. (1964). Proceedings of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Geneva, 23 March-16 June 1964, Volume I: Final Act and Report, New York.
  • WCO. (2020, 12 Kasım). Discover the WCO, http://www.wcoomd.org/en/about-us/what-is-the-wco/discover-the-wco.aspx.
  • WCO. (2020, 16 Kasım). What is Securing and Facilitating Legitimate Global Trade, http://www.wcoomd.org/en/topics/facilitation/overview/customs-procedures-and-facilitation.aspx.
  • Widdowson, D., Short, G., Blegen, B and Kashubsky, M., (2018). National Committees on Trade Facilitation, World Customs Journal, 12(1), pp. 27-48.
  • Woo, Y. P. and Wilson, J., (2000). Cutting through Red Tape: New Directions for APEC’s Trade Facilitation Agenda, Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada, 2000.
  • World Bank. (2020, 28 Kasım). Trade Facilitation Support Program (TFSP), https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/trade-facilitation-support-program#1.
  • World Bank Group. (2021, 10 Temmuz). Doing Business 2020-Economy Profile Turkey, https://www.doingbusiness.org/en/reports/global-reports/doing-business-2020.
  • World Bank Group. (2021, 13 Temmuz). Logistic Performance Index-Country Score Card: Turkey 2018, https://lpi.worldbank.org/international/scorecard/column/254/C/TUR/2018/C/TUR/2016/C/TUR/2014/C/TUR/2012/C/TUR/2010/C/TUR/2007#chartarea.
  • World Bank Group. (2020, 28 Kasım). Trade Facilitation Support Program Making Trade Faster and More Affordable, http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/119111561482785120/TFSP-Brochure-2019-web.pdf.
  • World Trade Organization. (2022, 6 Nisan). The WTO and the International Trade Centre (ITC), https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/coher_e/wto_itc_e.htm.
  • World Trade Organization. (2018, 6 Haziran). The Trade Facilitation Agreement: An Overview, https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tradfa_e/tradfatheagreement_e.htm.
  • World Trade Organization. (2020, 28 Ekim). The WTO, https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/thewto_e.htm.
  • World Trade Organization. (2020, 31 Ekim). Trade Facilitation, https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tradfa_e/tradfa_e.htm#II.
Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 888 - 911, 30.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1214983

Abstract

References

  • Avetisyan, M. and Hertel, T., (2021), Impacts of Trade Facilitation on Modal Choice and International Trade Flows, Economics of Transportation, 28, pp. 1-18.
  • Bahadır, S. (2018, 31 Aralık). Ticaretin Kolaylaştırılması Antlaşması Yürürlüğe Giriyor, Dünya Gazetesi, 27.02.2017, https://www.dunya.com/kose-yazisi/ticaretin-kolaylastirilmasi-anlasmasi-yururluge-giriyor/351624.
  • Drzeniek Hanouz, M., Geiger, T. and Doherty, S. (2014). The Global Enabling Trade Report 2014, World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • European Commission International Cooperation and Development. (2018, 17 Nisan). Trade Facilitation, https://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/sectors/economic-growth/trade/trade-facilitation_en.
  • Finger, J. M. and Wilson, J. S. (2007), Implementing a Trade Facilitation Agreement in the WTO: What Makes Sense?, Pasific Economic Review, 12(3), pp. 335-355.
  • Global Alliance For Trade Facilitation. (2016). The Global Enabling Trade Report 2016, World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Hoekman, B and Shepherd, B. (2015). Who Profits from Trade Facilitation Initiatives? Implications for African Countries, Journal of African Trade, 2(1-2), pp. 51-70.
  • International Trade Centre. (2020, 1 Aralık). About ITC, https://www.intracen.org/itc/about/.
  • International Trade Centre. (2020, 2 Aralık). Areas of Work, https://www.intracen.org/itc/about/mission-and-objectives/.
  • International Trade Centre. (2020, 5 Aralık). Building a Conducive Business Environment, https://www.intracen.org/itc/goals/Building-a-conducive-business-environment/.
  • International Trade Centre. (2020, 10 Aralık). Annual Report 2019, https://www.intracen.org/uploadedFiles/intracenorg/Content/About_ITC/Corporate_Documents/Annual_Report/ITC_AnnualReport2019_ENG_20200630_web_reduced.pdf.
  • Jiahao, S, Ibrahim, R. L., Bello, K. A. and Oke, D. M. (2022). Trade Facilitation, Institutions, and Sustainable Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa, African Development Review, 34(2), pp. 201-214.
  • Lawrence, Robert Z., Blanke, J., Drzeniek Hanouz, M. and Moavenzadeh, J. (2008). The Global Enabling Trade Report 2008, World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Lawrence, Robert Z., Drzeniek Hanouz, M. and Moavenzadeh, J. (2009). The Global Enabling Trade Report 2009, World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Lawrence, Robert Z., Drzeniek Hanouz, M., Doherty, S. and Moavenzadeh, John. (2010). The Global Enabling Trade Report 2010, World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Lawrence, Robert Z., Drzeniek Hanouz, M. and Doherty, S. (2012). The Global Enabling Trade Report 2012: Reducing Supply Chain Barriers, World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Nguyen, T. T., Nguyen T. A. and Giang, H. T. (2014). Trade Facilitation in Asia Members-A Focus on Logistics Policies Toward ASEAN Economic Community, SECO/WTI Academic Cooperation Project Working Paper Series.
  • OECD. (2020, 28 Kasım). Convention on the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, https://www.oecd.org/general/conventionontheorganisationforeconomicco-operationanddevelopment.htm.
  • OECD. (2020, 29 Kasım). Trade Facilitation, http://www.oecd.org/trade/topics/trade-facilitation/, Erişim Tarihi: 29.11.2020.
  • OECD. (2022, 15 Ağustos). Trade Facilitation Indicators Simulator, https://sim.oecd.org/Simulator.ashx?lang=En&ds=TFI&d1c=oecd&d2c=tur.
  • Pomfret, R. (2016). Multilateralism and Regionalism in the South Pacific: World Trade Organization and Regional Fora as Complementary Institutions for Trade Facilitation, Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies, 3(3), pp. 420-429.
  • Read, R. (2004). The Implications of Increasing Globalization and Regionalism for the Economic Growth of Small Island States, World Development, 32(2), pp. 365-378.
  • Ugaz, P. (2020, 31 Ekim). The World Trade Organization’s Trade Facilitation Agreement at two: Whre do members stand?, UNCTAD, https://unctad.org/news/world-trade-organizations-trade-facilitation-agreement-two-where-do-members-stand.
  • T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı. (2016, 5 Mart). “Milletler Arası Andlaşma”, Resmi Gazete.
  • T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı. (2019, 13 Nisan). “Genelge”, Resmi Gazete.
  • T.C. Ticaret Bakanlığı. (2020, 16 Kasım). Dünya Gümrük Örgütü, https://ticaret.gov.tr/dis-iliskiler/cok-tarafli-ve-bolgesel-iliskiler/cok-tarafli-iliskiler/dunya-gumruk-orgutu.
  • Ticaretin Kolaylaştırılması Koordinasyon Komitesi. (2021, 13 Temmuz). Ticaretin Kolaylaştırılması Türkiye Stratejisi ve Beş Yıllık Eylem Planı (2018-2022), https://kolayticaret.gov.tr/userfiles/files/EylemPlaniFull.pdf.
  • UNCTAD. (2020). SDG Pulse 2020 Unctad Takes the Pulse of SDGs, United Nations, Geneva.
  • UNECE. (2022, 1 Ağustos). Global Survey on Digital and Sustainable Trade Facilitation, https://unece.org/trade/outreach-support-TF/global-survey-digital-and-sustainable-trade-facilitation?ref=untfsurvey.org.
  • UNECE. (2020, 23 Kasım). Trade Facilitation, http://www.unece.org/leginstr/trade.html.
  • UN Global Survey on Digital and Sustainable Trade Facilitation. (2022, 15 Ağustos). Interactive Chart of UN Global Survey Results, https://www.untfsurvey.org/world.
  • United Nations. (1964). Proceedings of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Geneva, 23 March-16 June 1964, Volume I: Final Act and Report, New York.
  • WCO. (2020, 12 Kasım). Discover the WCO, http://www.wcoomd.org/en/about-us/what-is-the-wco/discover-the-wco.aspx.
  • WCO. (2020, 16 Kasım). What is Securing and Facilitating Legitimate Global Trade, http://www.wcoomd.org/en/topics/facilitation/overview/customs-procedures-and-facilitation.aspx.
  • Widdowson, D., Short, G., Blegen, B and Kashubsky, M., (2018). National Committees on Trade Facilitation, World Customs Journal, 12(1), pp. 27-48.
  • Woo, Y. P. and Wilson, J., (2000). Cutting through Red Tape: New Directions for APEC’s Trade Facilitation Agenda, Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada, 2000.
  • World Bank. (2020, 28 Kasım). Trade Facilitation Support Program (TFSP), https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/trade-facilitation-support-program#1.
  • World Bank Group. (2021, 10 Temmuz). Doing Business 2020-Economy Profile Turkey, https://www.doingbusiness.org/en/reports/global-reports/doing-business-2020.
  • World Bank Group. (2021, 13 Temmuz). Logistic Performance Index-Country Score Card: Turkey 2018, https://lpi.worldbank.org/international/scorecard/column/254/C/TUR/2018/C/TUR/2016/C/TUR/2014/C/TUR/2012/C/TUR/2010/C/TUR/2007#chartarea.
  • World Bank Group. (2020, 28 Kasım). Trade Facilitation Support Program Making Trade Faster and More Affordable, http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/119111561482785120/TFSP-Brochure-2019-web.pdf.
  • World Trade Organization. (2022, 6 Nisan). The WTO and the International Trade Centre (ITC), https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/coher_e/wto_itc_e.htm.
  • World Trade Organization. (2018, 6 Haziran). The Trade Facilitation Agreement: An Overview, https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tradfa_e/tradfatheagreement_e.htm.
  • World Trade Organization. (2020, 28 Ekim). The WTO, https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/thewto_e.htm.
  • World Trade Organization. (2020, 31 Ekim). Trade Facilitation, https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tradfa_e/tradfa_e.htm#II.

International Organizations in Trade Facilitation and the Situation of Turkey

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 888 - 911, 30.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1214983

Abstract

The concept of trade facilitation, which is a concept related to the costs incurred in the process of exporting products to the foreign market, is briefly defined as simplifying transactions in international trade and bringing them to a certain standard. The benefits of unilateral efforts by countries to reduce such costs in international trade will be limited. This situation made it necessary for international organizations to step in and carry out extensive studies in order to further increase the volume of international trade all over the world. On the other hand, it should be noted that important steps have been taken to trade facilitation in Turkey, which is a member of international organizations. In this context, it is very important to have a good understanding of the activities that international organizations and individual Turkey have done and plans to do in the future regarding trade facilitation in determining what needs to be done in order for Turkey to further increase foreign trade flows. This study primarily deals with the work of international organizations operating in the field of trade facilitation through the reports of relevant institutions and international literature. It also examines the situation of Turkey and the activities planned to be implemented in the future in the light of international indicators and the “Trade Facilitation Turkey Strategy and Five-Year Action Plan”. At the end of the study, it is quite remarkable that each international organization carries out different applications within the framework of its own purpose, and that technological developments have an important contribution in these multi-faceted applications. Secondly, it is thought that the countries that signed the Trade Facilitation Agreement will have the opportunity to further increase their international trade volumes by conducting new studies in this field. Regarding the situation in Turkey, first of all, it should be noted that it has been working in many different areas for a long time, from the implementation of the Single Window System to facilitate trade, to the development of port, airline and road transportation infrastructures. This is clearly seen in international indicators. It is thought that with the elimination of the problems and deficiencies that await solutions in some of the mentioned studies, Turkey can go a long way in trade facilitation, thus increasing the volume of international trade, and thus providing a significant increase in welfare.

References

  • Avetisyan, M. and Hertel, T., (2021), Impacts of Trade Facilitation on Modal Choice and International Trade Flows, Economics of Transportation, 28, pp. 1-18.
  • Bahadır, S. (2018, 31 Aralık). Ticaretin Kolaylaştırılması Antlaşması Yürürlüğe Giriyor, Dünya Gazetesi, 27.02.2017, https://www.dunya.com/kose-yazisi/ticaretin-kolaylastirilmasi-anlasmasi-yururluge-giriyor/351624.
  • Drzeniek Hanouz, M., Geiger, T. and Doherty, S. (2014). The Global Enabling Trade Report 2014, World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • European Commission International Cooperation and Development. (2018, 17 Nisan). Trade Facilitation, https://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/sectors/economic-growth/trade/trade-facilitation_en.
  • Finger, J. M. and Wilson, J. S. (2007), Implementing a Trade Facilitation Agreement in the WTO: What Makes Sense?, Pasific Economic Review, 12(3), pp. 335-355.
  • Global Alliance For Trade Facilitation. (2016). The Global Enabling Trade Report 2016, World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Hoekman, B and Shepherd, B. (2015). Who Profits from Trade Facilitation Initiatives? Implications for African Countries, Journal of African Trade, 2(1-2), pp. 51-70.
  • International Trade Centre. (2020, 1 Aralık). About ITC, https://www.intracen.org/itc/about/.
  • International Trade Centre. (2020, 2 Aralık). Areas of Work, https://www.intracen.org/itc/about/mission-and-objectives/.
  • International Trade Centre. (2020, 5 Aralık). Building a Conducive Business Environment, https://www.intracen.org/itc/goals/Building-a-conducive-business-environment/.
  • International Trade Centre. (2020, 10 Aralık). Annual Report 2019, https://www.intracen.org/uploadedFiles/intracenorg/Content/About_ITC/Corporate_Documents/Annual_Report/ITC_AnnualReport2019_ENG_20200630_web_reduced.pdf.
  • Jiahao, S, Ibrahim, R. L., Bello, K. A. and Oke, D. M. (2022). Trade Facilitation, Institutions, and Sustainable Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa, African Development Review, 34(2), pp. 201-214.
  • Lawrence, Robert Z., Blanke, J., Drzeniek Hanouz, M. and Moavenzadeh, J. (2008). The Global Enabling Trade Report 2008, World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Lawrence, Robert Z., Drzeniek Hanouz, M. and Moavenzadeh, J. (2009). The Global Enabling Trade Report 2009, World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Lawrence, Robert Z., Drzeniek Hanouz, M., Doherty, S. and Moavenzadeh, John. (2010). The Global Enabling Trade Report 2010, World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Lawrence, Robert Z., Drzeniek Hanouz, M. and Doherty, S. (2012). The Global Enabling Trade Report 2012: Reducing Supply Chain Barriers, World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Nguyen, T. T., Nguyen T. A. and Giang, H. T. (2014). Trade Facilitation in Asia Members-A Focus on Logistics Policies Toward ASEAN Economic Community, SECO/WTI Academic Cooperation Project Working Paper Series.
  • OECD. (2020, 28 Kasım). Convention on the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, https://www.oecd.org/general/conventionontheorganisationforeconomicco-operationanddevelopment.htm.
  • OECD. (2020, 29 Kasım). Trade Facilitation, http://www.oecd.org/trade/topics/trade-facilitation/, Erişim Tarihi: 29.11.2020.
  • OECD. (2022, 15 Ağustos). Trade Facilitation Indicators Simulator, https://sim.oecd.org/Simulator.ashx?lang=En&ds=TFI&d1c=oecd&d2c=tur.
  • Pomfret, R. (2016). Multilateralism and Regionalism in the South Pacific: World Trade Organization and Regional Fora as Complementary Institutions for Trade Facilitation, Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies, 3(3), pp. 420-429.
  • Read, R. (2004). The Implications of Increasing Globalization and Regionalism for the Economic Growth of Small Island States, World Development, 32(2), pp. 365-378.
  • Ugaz, P. (2020, 31 Ekim). The World Trade Organization’s Trade Facilitation Agreement at two: Whre do members stand?, UNCTAD, https://unctad.org/news/world-trade-organizations-trade-facilitation-agreement-two-where-do-members-stand.
  • T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı. (2016, 5 Mart). “Milletler Arası Andlaşma”, Resmi Gazete.
  • T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı. (2019, 13 Nisan). “Genelge”, Resmi Gazete.
  • T.C. Ticaret Bakanlığı. (2020, 16 Kasım). Dünya Gümrük Örgütü, https://ticaret.gov.tr/dis-iliskiler/cok-tarafli-ve-bolgesel-iliskiler/cok-tarafli-iliskiler/dunya-gumruk-orgutu.
  • Ticaretin Kolaylaştırılması Koordinasyon Komitesi. (2021, 13 Temmuz). Ticaretin Kolaylaştırılması Türkiye Stratejisi ve Beş Yıllık Eylem Planı (2018-2022), https://kolayticaret.gov.tr/userfiles/files/EylemPlaniFull.pdf.
  • UNCTAD. (2020). SDG Pulse 2020 Unctad Takes the Pulse of SDGs, United Nations, Geneva.
  • UNECE. (2022, 1 Ağustos). Global Survey on Digital and Sustainable Trade Facilitation, https://unece.org/trade/outreach-support-TF/global-survey-digital-and-sustainable-trade-facilitation?ref=untfsurvey.org.
  • UNECE. (2020, 23 Kasım). Trade Facilitation, http://www.unece.org/leginstr/trade.html.
  • UN Global Survey on Digital and Sustainable Trade Facilitation. (2022, 15 Ağustos). Interactive Chart of UN Global Survey Results, https://www.untfsurvey.org/world.
  • United Nations. (1964). Proceedings of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Geneva, 23 March-16 June 1964, Volume I: Final Act and Report, New York.
  • WCO. (2020, 12 Kasım). Discover the WCO, http://www.wcoomd.org/en/about-us/what-is-the-wco/discover-the-wco.aspx.
  • WCO. (2020, 16 Kasım). What is Securing and Facilitating Legitimate Global Trade, http://www.wcoomd.org/en/topics/facilitation/overview/customs-procedures-and-facilitation.aspx.
  • Widdowson, D., Short, G., Blegen, B and Kashubsky, M., (2018). National Committees on Trade Facilitation, World Customs Journal, 12(1), pp. 27-48.
  • Woo, Y. P. and Wilson, J., (2000). Cutting through Red Tape: New Directions for APEC’s Trade Facilitation Agenda, Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada, 2000.
  • World Bank. (2020, 28 Kasım). Trade Facilitation Support Program (TFSP), https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/trade-facilitation-support-program#1.
  • World Bank Group. (2021, 10 Temmuz). Doing Business 2020-Economy Profile Turkey, https://www.doingbusiness.org/en/reports/global-reports/doing-business-2020.
  • World Bank Group. (2021, 13 Temmuz). Logistic Performance Index-Country Score Card: Turkey 2018, https://lpi.worldbank.org/international/scorecard/column/254/C/TUR/2018/C/TUR/2016/C/TUR/2014/C/TUR/2012/C/TUR/2010/C/TUR/2007#chartarea.
  • World Bank Group. (2020, 28 Kasım). Trade Facilitation Support Program Making Trade Faster and More Affordable, http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/119111561482785120/TFSP-Brochure-2019-web.pdf.
  • World Trade Organization. (2022, 6 Nisan). The WTO and the International Trade Centre (ITC), https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/coher_e/wto_itc_e.htm.
  • World Trade Organization. (2018, 6 Haziran). The Trade Facilitation Agreement: An Overview, https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tradfa_e/tradfatheagreement_e.htm.
  • World Trade Organization. (2020, 28 Ekim). The WTO, https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/thewto_e.htm.
  • World Trade Organization. (2020, 31 Ekim). Trade Facilitation, https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tradfa_e/tradfa_e.htm#II.

Ticaretin Kolaylaştırılmasında Uluslararası Organizasyonlar ve Türkiye’nin Durumu

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 888 - 911, 30.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1214983

Abstract

Ürünlerin dış piyasaya ihraç edilme sürecinde ortaya çıkan maliyetlerle ilgili bir kavram olan ticaretin kolaylaştırılması kavramı, kısaca uluslararası ticarette işlemlerin basitleştirilmesi ve belirli bir standarda kavuşturulması olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Uluslararası ticarette bu tür maliyetleri azaltmak için ülkelerin tek taraflı olarak yapacakları çalışmaların faydası sınırlı olacaktır. Bu durum, tüm dünyada uluslararası ticaret hacminin daha fazla artması için uluslararası organizasyonların devreye girip, kapsamlı çalışmalar yapmasını gerekli kılmıştır. Öte yandan, uluslararası organizasyonlara üye konumunda yer alan Türkiye’de de ticaretin kolaylaştırılması konusunda önemli adımların atıldığını belirtmek gerekmektedir. Bu bağlamda, Türkiye’nin dış ticaret akımlarını daha fazla artırabilmesi için yapılması gerekenlerin neler olduğunu belirleme konusunda, uluslararası organizasyonların ve bireysel olarak Türkiye’nin ticaretin kolaylaştırılması ile ilgili yaptığı ve gelecekte yapmayı planladığı faaliyetlerin iyi anlaşılması oldukça önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışma, öncelikli olarak ticaretin kolaylaştırılması konusunda faaliyette bulunan uluslararası organizasyonların çalışmalarını ilgili kurumların raporları ve uluslararası literatür üzerinden ele almaktadır. Ayrıca, uluslararası göstergeler ve “Ticaretin Kolaylaştırılması Türkiye Stratejisi ve Beş Yıllık Eylem Planı” ışığında Türkiye’nin durumu ve gelecekte uygulanması planlanan faaliyetleri incelemektedir. Çalışmanın sonunda, her bir uluslararası organizasyonun kendi amacı çerçevesinde farklı nitelikte uygulamalar yaptığı, çok yönlü yapılan bu uygulamalarda teknolojik gelişmelerin önemli bir katkısının olduğu oldukça dikkat çekmektedir. İkinci olarak, Ticaretin Kolaylaştırılması Anlaşması’nı imzalayan ülkelerin bu alanda yeni çalışmalar yaparak uluslararası ticaret hacimlerini daha çok artırma imkânı elde edebileceği düşünülmektedir. Türkiye’nin durumu ile ilgili ilk olarak, ticaretin kolaylaştırılması konusunda Tek Pencere Sistemi’nin hayata geçirilmesinden, liman, havayolu ve kara yolu ulaşım altyapılarının geliştirilmesine kadar pek çok farklı alanda uzun zamandır çalışmalar yürüttüğünü belirtmek gerekmektedir. Uluslararası göstergelerde de bu durum net bir şekilde görülmektedir. Bahsedilen çalışmaların bazılarında çözüm bekleyen sorun ve eksikliklerin giderilmesiyle birlikte Türkiye’nin ticaretin kolaylaştırılması konusunda daha hızlı mesafe kat edebileceği ve böylelikle uluslararası ticaret hacmini artırabileceği, bu yolla da önemli refah artışı sağlayabileceği düşünülmektedir.

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There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Economics
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Halit Gökhan Yüksel 0000-0002-7546-1683

Early Pub Date June 19, 2023
Publication Date June 30, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 12 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yüksel, H. G. (2023). Ticaretin Kolaylaştırılmasında Uluslararası Organizasyonlar ve Türkiye’nin Durumu. İnsan Ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12(2), 888-911. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1214983

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