Effectiveness of Occupational Health and Safety Practices for Employees in Workplaces: A Meta-Analysis Study

Year 2024, Volume: 13 Issue: 5, 2237 - 2256, 31.12.2024

Onur Doğan

https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1486030

Abstract

The use of new machines in production lines due to technological developments makes business ecosystems more complex every day. In parallel with the changes experienced, the diversity and impact level of risks pose serious threats to employees, businesses, and the environment. Ensuring the sustainability of production can be achieved through effective and comprehensive occupational health and safety practices. Risk assessments, checklists and emergency plans are some of these practices. This study is a study conducted to reveal the impact levels of practices aimed at improving occupational health and safety. Meta-analysis method was used in the study. The data used in the analysis were obtained by searching Web of Science, Google Scholar, YÖK (The Council of Higher Education), PubMed, EBSCOhost databases without any time limitation until 31.01.2024. As a result of the comprehensive search, it was determined that 20 studies were suitable for the analysis. These studies were then included in the analysis and synthesized by meta-analysis. As a result of this meta-analysis, it was determined that occupational health and safety practices for employees were effective (SMD: 0.924, 95% CI:-0.494-1.354, Z=4.214, p=0.000, I2= 98.670%, Q=1428.054). The analysis results revealed that the variance between the studies was statistically significant (p<0.05). Additionally, occupational health and safety practices were found to enhance employees' sense of security and productivity, reduce workplace accidents and occupational diseases, and make a significant contribution to the development of a safety culture.

Keywords

Occupational health and safety, Safety culture, Occupational health and safety practices, Meta-analysis.

İşyerlerinde Çalışanlara Yönelik İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Uygulamalarının Etkinliği: Bir Meta Analiz Çalışması

Abstract

Teknolojik gelişmelere bağlı olarak üretim bantlarında yeni makinelerin kullanılması işletme ekosistemlerini her geçen gün daha karmaşık hale getirmektedir. Yaşanan değişime paralel olarak risklerin çeşitliliği ve etki düzeyi, çalışan, işletme ve çevre için ciddi tehlike oluşturmaktadır. Üretimin sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanması etkin ve kapsamlı şekilde hazırlanmış iş sağlığı ve güvenliğine yönelik uygulamalar ile sağlanabilir. Risk değerlendirmeleri, kontrol listeleri ve acil durum planları bu uygulamalardan bazılarıdır. Bu çalışma, iş sağlığı ve güvenliğini geliştirmeye yönelik uygulamaların etki düzeylerini ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılmış bir çalışmadır. Çalışmada meta-analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Analizde kullanılan veriler, 31.01.2024 tarihine kadar, Web of Science, Google Scholar, YÖK (Yükseköğretim Kurulu), PubMed, EBSCOhost veri tabanlarında herhangi bir süre sınırlaması yapılmaksızın tarama yapılarak elde edilmiştir. Yapılan kapsamlı tarama sonucu analiz kullanılmak üzere 20 araştırmanın uygun olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Daha sonra bu çalışmalar analize dahil edilerek meta-analiz ile sentez edilmiştir. Bu meta-analiz sonucunda çalışanlara yönelik, iş sağlığı ve güvenliği uygulamaların etkin olduğu tespit edilmiştir (SMD:0,924, %95 CI:-0,494-1,354, Z=4,214, p=0.000, I2= %98,670, Q=1428,054). Analiz sonuçları, çalışmalar arasındaki varyansın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğunu ortaya koymuştur (p<0.05). Ayrıca, iş sağlığı ve güvenliği uygulamalarının çalışanların güvenlik hissini ve verimliliğini artırdığı, iş kazalarını ve meslek hastalıklarını azalttığı ve iş güvenliği kültürünün gelişimine güçlü bir katkı sağladığı tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

İş sağlığı ve güvenliği, Güvenlik kültürü, İş sağlığı ve güvenliği uygulamaları, Meta analiz.

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