2003 IRAK SAVAŞI SONRASI BASRA KÖRFEZİ’NDE ETKİLİ BİR UNSUR OLARAK GÜVENLİKLEŞTİRME SİYASETİ

Year 2016, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 233 - 272, 31.10.2017

Öğr. Gör. Dr. Bilgehan Alagöz

Abstract

Bu makalenin temel çıkış noktasını, Basra Körfezi
siyasetinde bölge aktörlerinin birbirleriyle karşılıklı etkileşim içinde olduğu
ve bu
durumun güvenlikleştirme siyasetinin sıklıkla uygulanmasına sebep olduğu iddiası oluşturmaktadır. Bu bağlamda
Güvenlik Çalışmalarına alternatif bir bakış açısı sunan Kopenhag Okulu’nun
temel argümanlarını kullanmanın mümkün olup olmadığı sorgulanmış, nihai olarak
Kopenhag Okulu’nun önemli unsurlarından biri olan Güvenlikleştirme Teorisi
üzerinden Basra Körfezi siyaseti incelenmiştir. Makalenin ana amacı, Basra
Körfezi siyasetini öğretide sıklıkla kullanılan Realist kuramın dışında farklı
bir bakış açısı üzerinden analiz etmenin mümkün olduğunu göstermektir. Zira
Basra Körfezi siyaseti, içinde bulunduğu bölgenin dinamiklerine göre
şekillenmektedir. Bu noktada bölge ülkelerinin siyaset yapıcıları söylem
yoluyla güvenlik ajandalarını belirlemekte, bölge halkları üzerinden güvenliğe
ilişkin tehdit algısının oluşmasını sağlamakta ve bu doğrultuda söz konusu
güvenlik tehditlerinin toplumlar nezdinde kabul görmesini takiben olağanüstü
tedbirler alma yoluna gitmektedirler. Dolayısıyla Basra Körfezi bölgesinde 2003
Irak Savaşı sonrası dönemde yoğun bir şekilde yükselişe geçen askeri güvenlik
konusunun dahi aslında başarılı bir güvenlikleştirme siyasetinin parçası olduğu
görülmektedir. 2003 Irak Savaşı’nın gerek İran gerek Basra Körfezi Arap
ülkeleri açısından oldukça önemli bir dönüm noktası olması sebebiyle dönem
olarak 2003 Irak Savaşı sonrası seçilmiştir. Ancak bu makale Irak ağırlıklı bir
anlatıma sahip değildir. 2003 Irak işgali, kendisine atfedilmeden bölgedeki pek
çok temel mevzuunun tartışılamayacak olması açısından referans olarak kabul
edilmiştir. Zira İran-Irak ilişkileri ve de Irak-Basra Körfezi Arap ülkeleri
ilişkileri başlı başına ayrı bir çalışma konusu teşkil edecek bir niteliğe
sahip olup bu çalışmanın ana çatısının dışında tutulmuştur.

Keywords

İran dış politikası, Basra Körfezi siyaseti, Kopenhag Okulu, 2003 Irak Savaşı

Securitization Policy as an Effective Tool in the Persian Gulf After 2003 Iraqi War

Abstract

This article seeks to analyze Persian Gulf Politics
through an assumption of mutual interaction among the regional actors that
leads to the securitization politics in the region. In this article, which
initially aims to analyze Persian Gulf policy using an alternative perspective,
the main arguments of the Copenhagen School were applied by employing
Securitization Theory. This article discusses that politics in the Persian Gulf
is shaped by the unique dynamics of the region. At this point, securitization
actors in the region use a rhetoric of existential threat and thereby take an
issue out of what under those conditions is ‘normal politics’. Once they win
the assent of the audience they get the authority to handle the issue to use
whatever means they deem most appropriate. Therefore, the concept of military
security, which has risen heavily in the aftermath of 2003 Iraqi War, is a
result of a successful securitization policy of the regional states. Given the
influence of 2003 Iraqi War on the foreign policies of the actors in the
Persian Gulf, this article focuses on the post-war period. On the other hand,
this article does not predominantly narrate the Iraqi War. The 2003 Iraqi War
is assumed to just provide a reference for the comprehension of the regional
politics.

Keywords

Iranian foreign policy, Persian Gulf policy, Copenhagen School, 2003 Iraqi War

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