The Indian Hunas from the Beginning to Last Periods of Mihiragula Era

Year 2017, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 131 - 147, 31.12.2017

Egemen Çağrı Mızrak

Abstract

At the end of the 1st Century AD, as a result of the bloody Han-Northern
Hun Wars, which took place in the Southern skirts of the Altai Mountains and
Western Mongolia, the defeated Hunnic tribes had migrated to the Ili Valley and
Jeti-su areas. Between 120 and 160 AD, after attempting a few unsuccessful
assaults against the Tun-huang and Hsien-pi armies, the Northern Hun tribes completely lost their military and political authorities, and were forced to
migrate beyond the Tarbagatai region. Toward the middle of the 4th Century AD,
Hunnic tribal confederations entered into a new westward migration movement
because of unstable circumstances in Central Asia and the rapidly growing
power of the savage group, Juan-Juan/Ju-Ju horde. It is most likely that these
confederations were divided into two main branches. One of these penetrated
Europe through the Northern Black Sea steppe region, while the other penetrated
Bactria, Transoxiana, Persia, and India through the south-west route.
Around 455 AD, during the rule of the brave Gupta ruler Skandagupta,
these mounted archers entered into the north-western borders of India, and
prepared for the wars that would lead to the fall of the Gupta Empire. Despite
their short-term sovereignity period, their two glorious chieftains, Toramana
and his son Mihirakula, left deep marks in the history of India.

Keywords

Huns, Huna, Thujila/Tunjila, Toramana, Mihirakula, Gupta Empire

BAŞLANGIÇTAN MİHİRAGULA DÖNEMİNİN SONLARINA KADAR HİNDİSTAN HUNALARI (455 – 532)

Abstract

M.S. I. yüzyılın sonlarında, Batı Moğolistan ve Altay Dağları’nın güney
eteklerinde vuku bulan kanlı Han – Kuzey Hun savaşları sonucunda mağlup
Hun boyları İli Vadisi ve Yedi-su sahasına göç etmek zorunda kaldılar. M. S.
120 – 160 yılları arasında Tun-huang ve Hsien-pi’lere karşı yaptıkları hücumlar
başarısız olunca askeri ve siyasi otoriteleri tamamen kırılan Kuzey Hun boyları
Tarbagatay ötesine itildiler. M.S. IV. yüzyılın ortalarına doğru Orta Asya’da
oluşan istikrarsız döneme kuvvetle muhtemelen hızla yükselen vahşi Juan-Juan/
Ju-Ju (Cücen) gücü de eklenince, şartlardan rahatsız olan Hun boyları meydana
getirdikleri boy konfederasyonlarıyla batıya doğru yeni bir göç hareketine
giriştiler. Bu konfederasyonlar kuvvetle muhtemel iki ana kola bölünmüş; bir
kol Karadeniz’in kuzeyindeki bozkırlara doğru ilerleyerek Avrupa’ya, diğer
kol ise güney-batı yönünde ilerleyerek Toharistan, Maveraünnehir, İran ve
Hindistan coğrafyalarına sokulmuştur.
M. S. 455 civarında Guptalar’ın cesur hükümdarı Skandagupta zamanında,
bu atlı savaşçı boyların bir kolu Hindistan’ın kuzey-batı sınırlarından içeri girerek
Guptalar’ın sonunu hazırlayacak ve iki şöhretli başbuğları Toramana ile oğlu
Mihiragula dönemlerinde Hindistan tarihi üzerinde derin izler bırakacaklardır.

Keywords

Hunlar, Huna, Thujila/Tunjila, Toramana, Mihiragula/Mihirakula, Gupta İmparatorluğu

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