İngiliz Sömürge Dönemi’nde Hindistan’da Yaşanan Kıtlıklar

Year 2020, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 203 - 225, 30.09.2020

Hüseyin Günarslan

https://doi.org/10.26650/jes.2020.014

Abstract

Bu çalışma İngilizlerin kolonileştirdikleri Hindistan´da uyguladıkları politikalar ve onun sonucunda meydana gelen kıtlıkları incelemektedir. Hindistan İngiliz kolonisi olduğu günden itibaren fakirleşmeye başlayan bir ülkedir. İngilizlerin Hindistan´da uyguladığı sömürge politikaları sonucu ülkenin kaynakları hızla Avrupa’ya aktarılmıştır. Ülke insanı da ağır vergiler altında yaşamaya mecbur edilmiştir. Bir tarım ülkesi olan Hindistan´da halk üretimini yaptığı geleneksel zirai ürünler yerine İngilizlerin ihracını yapabileceği sanayi değeri olan ürünler yetiştirmeye zorlanmıştır. Hindistan´ın sosyal ve ekonomik yapısının tahrip edilmesi sonucu milyonlarca insan yiyecek bulamaz hale gelmiştir. İngilizlerin Hindistan´ın gelişmesi adına inşa ettikleri demiryolları ve sulama kanalları da aslında onların ülkeden daha fazla gelir elde etmek için yaptıkları projelerdir. Bu projeler dolayısı ile Hindistan´dan daha fazla ürünün İngiltere´ye ve Avrupa’ya taşınması amaçlanmıştır. Topraklarını kaybetmek istemeyen halk ağır vergileri ödeyebilmek için tüm gücü ile İngilizlerin istediği ürünleri yetiştirmiştir. Neticede Muson yağmurlarının eksikliğinin tetiklediği kuraklıklar sonucu halk yiyecek bir şey bulamaz hale gelmiştir. Böylece açlıktan ve ortaya çıkan bulaşıcı hastalıklardan milyonlarca Hintli hayatlarını kaybetmiştir. İngilizler sözde yardım programları adı altında Hintlilere yardım edildiği izlenimi vermeye çabalamış hakikatte ise hiçbir şey yapmamışlardır. Bir araya gelerek beraber hareket edebilme yeteneğini kaybeden halk sömürge dönemi boyunca inanılmaz acılar yaşamıştır.

Keywords

İngiltere, Hindistan, Koloni, Kıtlık, Kuraklık

Famines in India During the British Colonial Period

Abstract

This study examines the policies and consequent shortages of the British colonies in India. India is a country that began to get poorer from the day it became a British colony. As a result of the colonial policies of the British in India, the resources of the country were rapidly transferred to the West. Indians were also forced to live under heavy taxes. In India, an agricultural country, people were forced to cultivate products of industrial value, which could be exported by the British instead of traditional agricultural products. As a result of the destruction of India's social and economic structure, millions of people were unable to find food. The railways and irrigation canals that the British built for the development of India were actually the projects that they did to generatemore income from the country. These projects were aimed at moving more products from India to the Britain and Europe. People who did not want to lose their land and to pay heavy taxes, produced the products that the British wanted. As a result of the drought triggered by the lack of monsoon rains, the public became unable to find anything to eat. Thus, millions of Indians lost their lives due to starvation and the resulting infectious diseases. The British gave the impression that they were helping the Indians, but in reality they did nothing. The people, who lost the ability to act together, experienced incredible suffering throughout the colonial period.

Keywords

England, India, Colony, Famine, Drought

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