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Akut Pulmoner Embolide Tanı

Year 2007, Volume: 38 Issue: 3, 118 - 126, 20.07.2014

Cüneyt Tetikkurt

Keywords

Akut pulmoner emboli emboli akciğer

References

  • 1. White RH. The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism. Circulation 2003; 107: 4-8.
  • 2. Carson JL, Kelley MA, Duff A, Weg JG, Fulkerson WJ, Palevsky HI, Schwartz JS, Thompson BT, Popovich J Jr, Hobbins TE ve ark. The clinical course of pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med 1992; 326: 1240-1245.
  • 3. Silverstein MD, Heit JA, Mohr DN, Petterson TM, O’ Fallon WM, Melton LJ 3rd. Trends in the incidence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a 25 –year population based study. Arch Intern Med 1998; 158: 585-593.
  • 4. Douketis JD, Keaton C, Bates S, Duku EK, Ginsberg JS. Risk of fatal pulmonary embolism in patients with treated venous thromboembolism. JAMA 1998; 279: 458-462.
  • 5. Heit JA, Silverstein MD, Mohr DN, Petterson TM, O’ Fallon WM, Melton LJ. Predictors of survival after deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a population-based, cohort study. Arch Intern Med 1999; 159: 445-453.
  • 6. Heit JA, O’Fallon WM, Petterson TM, Lohse CM, Silverstein MD, Mohr DN, Melton LJ 3rd. Relative impact of risk factors for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a population-based study. Arch Intern Med 2002 10; 162: 1245-1248.
  • 7. Macik BG, Ortel T.Clinical and laboratory evaluation of the hypercoagulable states. Clin Chest Med 1995; 16: 375-389.
  • 8. Fedullo PF, Morris TA. Pulmonary thromboembolim. Mason RJ, Murray FJ, Broaddus VC, Nadel JA, editör. Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. Philadelphia, Elsevier Saunders. 2005; 1425-1458.
  • 9. Goldhaber SZ, Grodstein F, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, Colditz GA, Speizer FE, Willett WC, Hennekens CH. A prospective study of risk factors for pulmonary embolism in women. JAMA 1997; 277: 642-645.
  • 10. Donati MB. Cancer and thrombosis. Hemostasis 1994; 24: 128-131.
  • 11. Merli GJ. Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism prophylaxis in orthopedic surgery. Med Clin North Am 1993; 77: 397-411.
  • 12. Geerts WH, Heit JA, Clagett GP, Pineo GF, Colwell CW, Anderson FA Jr, Wheeler HB. Prevention of venous thromboembolism: Chest 2001; 119: 132-175.
  • 13. Prandoni P, Piccioli A, Girolami A. Cancer and venous thromboembolism: an overview. Haematologica 1999; 84: 437-445.
  • 14. Joffe HV, Goldhaber SZ. Hypercoagulable states and other risk factors for venous thromboembolism. Dalen EJ, editör. Venous Thromboembolism. New York, Marcel Dekker. 2003, 11-21.
  • 15. Heit JA. Risk factors for venous thromboembolism. Tapson VF, editör. Venous thromboembolism. Clin Chest Med 2003; 24: 1-12.
  • 16. Greaves M. Antiphospholilid antibodies and thrombosis. Lancet 1999; 353: 1348-1353.
  • 17. Levine JS, Branch DW, Rauch J. The antiphospholipid syndrome. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 752-763.
  • 18. Eichinger S, Stumpflen A, Hirschl M, Bialonczyk C, Herkner K, Stain M, Schneider B, Pabinger I, Lechner K, Kyrle PA. Hyperhomocysteinemeia is a risk factor for recurrent thromboembolism. Thromb Haemost 1998; 80: 566-569.
  • 19. den Heijer M, Koster T, Blom HJ, Bos GM, Briet E, Reitsma PH, Vanderbroucke JP, Rosendaal FR. Hyperhomocysteinemia as a risk factor for deep-vein thrombosis. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 759-762.
  • 20. Ridker PM, Hennekens CH, Lindpaintner K, Stampfer MJ, Eisenberg PR, Miletich JP. Mutation in the gene coding for coagulation factor V and the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke and venous thrombosis in apparently healthy men. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 912-917.
  • 21. Franco RF, Reitsma OH.Genetic risk factors of venous thrombosis. Hum Genet 2001; 109: 369-384.
  • 22. Nguyen A. Prothrombin G20210A polymorphism and thrombophilia. Mayo Clin Proc 2000; 75: 595- 604.
  • 23. De Stefano V, Finazzi G, Mannucci PM. Inherited thrombophilia: pathogenesis, clinical syndromes and management. Blood 1996; 87: 3531-3544.
  • 24. Sallah S, Thomas DP, Roberts HR. Warfarin and heparin-induced skin necrosis and the purple toe syndrome: infrequent complications of anticoagulant treatment. Thromb Haemost 1997; 78: 785-790.
  • 25. Morgenthaler TI, Ryu JH. Clinical characteristics of fatal pulmonary embolism in a referral hospital: Mayo Clin Proc 1995; 70: 417-424.
  • 26. Stein PD, Saltzman HA, Weg JG. Clinical characteristics of patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Am J Cardiol 1991; 68: 1723-1724.
  • 27. Susec O, Boudrow D, Kline JA. The clinical features of acute pulmonary embolism in ambulatory patients. Acad Emerg Med 1997; 4: 891-897.
  • 28. Manganelli D, Palla A, Donnamaria V, Giuntini C. Clinical features of pulmonary embolism: doubts and certainities. Chest 1996; 107: 25-32.
  • 29. The PIOPED Investigators. Value of the ventilation/ perfusion scan in acute pulmonary embolism: results of the Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embo lism Diagnosis (PIOPED). JAMA 1990; 263: 2753-2759.
  • 30. Ryu JH, Olson EJ, Pelikka PA. Clinical recognition of pulmonary embolism: problem of unrecognized and asymptomatic cases. Mayo Clin Proc 1998; 78: 873-879.
  • 31. Kovacs MJ, MacKinnon KM, Anderson D, O’Rourke K, Keeney M, Kearon C, Ginsberg JS, Wells PS. A comparison of three rapid D-dimer methods for the diagnosis of venous thromboembolism. Br J Haematol 2001; 115: 140-144.
  • 32. Dempfle CE.Use of D-dimer assays in the diagnosis venous thrombosis. Semin Thromb Hemost 2000; 26: 631-641.
  • 33. Stein PD, Terrin ML, Hales CA, Palevsky HI, Saltzman HA, Thompson BT, Weg JG.Clinical, laboratory, roentgenographic and electrocardiographic findings in patients with acute pulmonary embolism and no preexisting cardiac or pulmonary disease. Chest 1991; 100: 598-603.
  • 34. Elliot CG, Goldhaber SZ, Visani L, DeRosa M. Chest radiographs in acute pulmonary embolism. Chest 2000; 118: 33-38.
  • 35. Geerts WH, Selby R.Investigation of suspected deep venous thrombosis.Dalen EJ, editör. Venous Thromboembolism. New York, Marcel Dekker. 2003; 93-119.
  • 36. Garg K, Mao J.Deep venous thrombosis: spectrum of findings and pitfalls in interpretation on CT venography. Am J Roentgenol 2001; 177: 319-323.
  • 37. Moody AR, Pollock JG, O’Connor AR, Bagnall M. Lower-limb deep venous thrombosis: direct MR imaging of the thrombus. Radiolgy 1998; 209: 349-355.
  • 38. Fraser DGW, Moody AR, Morgan PS, Martel AL, Davidson I.Diagnosis of lower-limb deep venous thrombosis: a prospective blinded study of magnetic resonance direct thrombus imaging. Ann Intern Med 2002; 136: 89-98.
  • 39. Wells PS, Ginsberg JS, Anderson DR. Use of a clinical model for safe management of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. Ann Intern Med 1998; 129: 997-1005.
  • 40. Wicki J, Perneger TV, Junod AF.Assesing clinical probability of pulmonary embolism in the emergency ward. Arch Intern Med 2001; 161: 92-97.
  • 41. Perrier A, Mirron MJ, Desmarais S. Using clinical evaluation and lung scan to rule out suspected pulmonary embolism. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160: 512-516.
  • 42. Wells PS, Anderson DR, Rodger M.Excluding pulmonary embolism at the bedside without diagnostic imaging: management of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism presenting to the emergency department by using a clinical model and D-dimer. Ann Intern Med 2001; 135: 98-107.
  • 43. van Beek EJR, Kuyer PMM, Schenk BE, Brandjes PM, ten Cate JW, Büller HR.A normal perfusion scan in patients with clinically suspected pulmonary embolism: frequency and clinical validity. Chest 1995; 108: 170-173.
  • 44. Trujillo NP, Pratt JP, Talusani S, Quaife RA, Kumpe D, Lear JL. DTPA aeresol in ventilation / perfusion scintigraphy for diagnosing pulmonary embolism. J Nucl Med 1997; 38: 1781-1783.
  • 45. Worsley DF, Palevsky HI, Alavi A. Clinical charactersitics of patients with pulmonary embolism and low or very low probability lung scan interpretations. Arch Intern Med 1994; 154: 2737-2741.
  • 46. Hiorns MP, Mayo JR.Spiral computed tomography for acute pulmonary embolism. Can Assoc Radiol J 2002; 53: 258-268.
  • 47. Ruiz Y, Caballero P, Caniego JL, Friera A, Olivera MJ, Tagarro D, Alvarez-Sala K. Prospective comparison of helical CT with angiography in pulmonary embolism: Global and selective terriority analysis. Interobserver agreement. Eur Radiol 2003; 13: 823-829.
  • 48. Schoepf UJ, Castello P. Multidetector-row CT imaging of pulmonary embolism. Semin Roentgenol 2003; 38: 106-114.
  • 49. Stein FD, Fowler SE, Goodman LR. Multidetector computed tomography for acute pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 2317-2327.
  • 50. Meaney JFM, Weg JG, Chenevert TL, Starrford-Johnson D, Hamilton BH, Prince MR. Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism with magnetic resonance angiography. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 1422-1427.
  • 51. Gupta A, Fraser CK, Ferguson JM, Kumar AB, Davis SJ, Fallon MJ, Morris JT, Drury PJ, Cala LA. Acute pulmonary embolism: diagnosis with MR angiography. Radiology 1999; 210: 353-359.
  • 52. Jardin F, Dubourg O, Bourdarias JP. Echocardiographic pattern of acute cor pulmonale. Chest 1997; 111: 209-217.
  • 53. Goldhaber SZ. Echocardiography in the management of pulmonary embolism. Ann Intern Med 2002; 136: 691-700.
  • 54. Stein PD, Athanasoulis C, Alavi A, Greenspan RH, Hales CA, Saltzman HA, Vreim CE, Terrin ML, Weg JG. Complications and validity of pulmonary angiography in acute pulmonary embolism. Circulation 1992; 85: 462-468.
  • 55. Hudson ER, Smith TP, McDermott VG, Newman GE, Suhocki PV, Payne CS, Stackhouse DJ. Pulmonary angiography performed with iopamidol: complications in 1434 patients. Radiology 1996; 198: 61-65

Year 2007, Volume: 38 Issue: 3, 118 - 126, 20.07.2014

Cüneyt Tetikkurt

References

  • 1. White RH. The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism. Circulation 2003; 107: 4-8.
  • 2. Carson JL, Kelley MA, Duff A, Weg JG, Fulkerson WJ, Palevsky HI, Schwartz JS, Thompson BT, Popovich J Jr, Hobbins TE ve ark. The clinical course of pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med 1992; 326: 1240-1245.
  • 3. Silverstein MD, Heit JA, Mohr DN, Petterson TM, O’ Fallon WM, Melton LJ 3rd. Trends in the incidence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a 25 –year population based study. Arch Intern Med 1998; 158: 585-593.
  • 4. Douketis JD, Keaton C, Bates S, Duku EK, Ginsberg JS. Risk of fatal pulmonary embolism in patients with treated venous thromboembolism. JAMA 1998; 279: 458-462.
  • 5. Heit JA, Silverstein MD, Mohr DN, Petterson TM, O’ Fallon WM, Melton LJ. Predictors of survival after deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a population-based, cohort study. Arch Intern Med 1999; 159: 445-453.
  • 6. Heit JA, O’Fallon WM, Petterson TM, Lohse CM, Silverstein MD, Mohr DN, Melton LJ 3rd. Relative impact of risk factors for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a population-based study. Arch Intern Med 2002 10; 162: 1245-1248.
  • 7. Macik BG, Ortel T.Clinical and laboratory evaluation of the hypercoagulable states. Clin Chest Med 1995; 16: 375-389.
  • 8. Fedullo PF, Morris TA. Pulmonary thromboembolim. Mason RJ, Murray FJ, Broaddus VC, Nadel JA, editör. Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. Philadelphia, Elsevier Saunders. 2005; 1425-1458.
  • 9. Goldhaber SZ, Grodstein F, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, Colditz GA, Speizer FE, Willett WC, Hennekens CH. A prospective study of risk factors for pulmonary embolism in women. JAMA 1997; 277: 642-645.
  • 10. Donati MB. Cancer and thrombosis. Hemostasis 1994; 24: 128-131.
  • 11. Merli GJ. Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism prophylaxis in orthopedic surgery. Med Clin North Am 1993; 77: 397-411.
  • 12. Geerts WH, Heit JA, Clagett GP, Pineo GF, Colwell CW, Anderson FA Jr, Wheeler HB. Prevention of venous thromboembolism: Chest 2001; 119: 132-175.
  • 13. Prandoni P, Piccioli A, Girolami A. Cancer and venous thromboembolism: an overview. Haematologica 1999; 84: 437-445.
  • 14. Joffe HV, Goldhaber SZ. Hypercoagulable states and other risk factors for venous thromboembolism. Dalen EJ, editör. Venous Thromboembolism. New York, Marcel Dekker. 2003, 11-21.
  • 15. Heit JA. Risk factors for venous thromboembolism. Tapson VF, editör. Venous thromboembolism. Clin Chest Med 2003; 24: 1-12.
  • 16. Greaves M. Antiphospholilid antibodies and thrombosis. Lancet 1999; 353: 1348-1353.
  • 17. Levine JS, Branch DW, Rauch J. The antiphospholipid syndrome. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 752-763.
  • 18. Eichinger S, Stumpflen A, Hirschl M, Bialonczyk C, Herkner K, Stain M, Schneider B, Pabinger I, Lechner K, Kyrle PA. Hyperhomocysteinemeia is a risk factor for recurrent thromboembolism. Thromb Haemost 1998; 80: 566-569.
  • 19. den Heijer M, Koster T, Blom HJ, Bos GM, Briet E, Reitsma PH, Vanderbroucke JP, Rosendaal FR. Hyperhomocysteinemia as a risk factor for deep-vein thrombosis. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 759-762.
  • 20. Ridker PM, Hennekens CH, Lindpaintner K, Stampfer MJ, Eisenberg PR, Miletich JP. Mutation in the gene coding for coagulation factor V and the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke and venous thrombosis in apparently healthy men. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 912-917.
  • 21. Franco RF, Reitsma OH.Genetic risk factors of venous thrombosis. Hum Genet 2001; 109: 369-384.
  • 22. Nguyen A. Prothrombin G20210A polymorphism and thrombophilia. Mayo Clin Proc 2000; 75: 595- 604.
  • 23. De Stefano V, Finazzi G, Mannucci PM. Inherited thrombophilia: pathogenesis, clinical syndromes and management. Blood 1996; 87: 3531-3544.
  • 24. Sallah S, Thomas DP, Roberts HR. Warfarin and heparin-induced skin necrosis and the purple toe syndrome: infrequent complications of anticoagulant treatment. Thromb Haemost 1997; 78: 785-790.
  • 25. Morgenthaler TI, Ryu JH. Clinical characteristics of fatal pulmonary embolism in a referral hospital: Mayo Clin Proc 1995; 70: 417-424.
  • 26. Stein PD, Saltzman HA, Weg JG. Clinical characteristics of patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Am J Cardiol 1991; 68: 1723-1724.
  • 27. Susec O, Boudrow D, Kline JA. The clinical features of acute pulmonary embolism in ambulatory patients. Acad Emerg Med 1997; 4: 891-897.
  • 28. Manganelli D, Palla A, Donnamaria V, Giuntini C. Clinical features of pulmonary embolism: doubts and certainities. Chest 1996; 107: 25-32.
  • 29. The PIOPED Investigators. Value of the ventilation/ perfusion scan in acute pulmonary embolism: results of the Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embo lism Diagnosis (PIOPED). JAMA 1990; 263: 2753-2759.
  • 30. Ryu JH, Olson EJ, Pelikka PA. Clinical recognition of pulmonary embolism: problem of unrecognized and asymptomatic cases. Mayo Clin Proc 1998; 78: 873-879.
  • 31. Kovacs MJ, MacKinnon KM, Anderson D, O’Rourke K, Keeney M, Kearon C, Ginsberg JS, Wells PS. A comparison of three rapid D-dimer methods for the diagnosis of venous thromboembolism. Br J Haematol 2001; 115: 140-144.
  • 32. Dempfle CE.Use of D-dimer assays in the diagnosis venous thrombosis. Semin Thromb Hemost 2000; 26: 631-641.
  • 33. Stein PD, Terrin ML, Hales CA, Palevsky HI, Saltzman HA, Thompson BT, Weg JG.Clinical, laboratory, roentgenographic and electrocardiographic findings in patients with acute pulmonary embolism and no preexisting cardiac or pulmonary disease. Chest 1991; 100: 598-603.
  • 34. Elliot CG, Goldhaber SZ, Visani L, DeRosa M. Chest radiographs in acute pulmonary embolism. Chest 2000; 118: 33-38.
  • 35. Geerts WH, Selby R.Investigation of suspected deep venous thrombosis.Dalen EJ, editör. Venous Thromboembolism. New York, Marcel Dekker. 2003; 93-119.
  • 36. Garg K, Mao J.Deep venous thrombosis: spectrum of findings and pitfalls in interpretation on CT venography. Am J Roentgenol 2001; 177: 319-323.
  • 37. Moody AR, Pollock JG, O’Connor AR, Bagnall M. Lower-limb deep venous thrombosis: direct MR imaging of the thrombus. Radiolgy 1998; 209: 349-355.
  • 38. Fraser DGW, Moody AR, Morgan PS, Martel AL, Davidson I.Diagnosis of lower-limb deep venous thrombosis: a prospective blinded study of magnetic resonance direct thrombus imaging. Ann Intern Med 2002; 136: 89-98.
  • 39. Wells PS, Ginsberg JS, Anderson DR. Use of a clinical model for safe management of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. Ann Intern Med 1998; 129: 997-1005.
  • 40. Wicki J, Perneger TV, Junod AF.Assesing clinical probability of pulmonary embolism in the emergency ward. Arch Intern Med 2001; 161: 92-97.
  • 41. Perrier A, Mirron MJ, Desmarais S. Using clinical evaluation and lung scan to rule out suspected pulmonary embolism. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160: 512-516.
  • 42. Wells PS, Anderson DR, Rodger M.Excluding pulmonary embolism at the bedside without diagnostic imaging: management of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism presenting to the emergency department by using a clinical model and D-dimer. Ann Intern Med 2001; 135: 98-107.
  • 43. van Beek EJR, Kuyer PMM, Schenk BE, Brandjes PM, ten Cate JW, Büller HR.A normal perfusion scan in patients with clinically suspected pulmonary embolism: frequency and clinical validity. Chest 1995; 108: 170-173.
  • 44. Trujillo NP, Pratt JP, Talusani S, Quaife RA, Kumpe D, Lear JL. DTPA aeresol in ventilation / perfusion scintigraphy for diagnosing pulmonary embolism. J Nucl Med 1997; 38: 1781-1783.
  • 45. Worsley DF, Palevsky HI, Alavi A. Clinical charactersitics of patients with pulmonary embolism and low or very low probability lung scan interpretations. Arch Intern Med 1994; 154: 2737-2741.
  • 46. Hiorns MP, Mayo JR.Spiral computed tomography for acute pulmonary embolism. Can Assoc Radiol J 2002; 53: 258-268.
  • 47. Ruiz Y, Caballero P, Caniego JL, Friera A, Olivera MJ, Tagarro D, Alvarez-Sala K. Prospective comparison of helical CT with angiography in pulmonary embolism: Global and selective terriority analysis. Interobserver agreement. Eur Radiol 2003; 13: 823-829.
  • 48. Schoepf UJ, Castello P. Multidetector-row CT imaging of pulmonary embolism. Semin Roentgenol 2003; 38: 106-114.
  • 49. Stein FD, Fowler SE, Goodman LR. Multidetector computed tomography for acute pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 2317-2327.
  • 50. Meaney JFM, Weg JG, Chenevert TL, Starrford-Johnson D, Hamilton BH, Prince MR. Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism with magnetic resonance angiography. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 1422-1427.
  • 51. Gupta A, Fraser CK, Ferguson JM, Kumar AB, Davis SJ, Fallon MJ, Morris JT, Drury PJ, Cala LA. Acute pulmonary embolism: diagnosis with MR angiography. Radiology 1999; 210: 353-359.
  • 52. Jardin F, Dubourg O, Bourdarias JP. Echocardiographic pattern of acute cor pulmonale. Chest 1997; 111: 209-217.
  • 53. Goldhaber SZ. Echocardiography in the management of pulmonary embolism. Ann Intern Med 2002; 136: 691-700.
  • 54. Stein PD, Athanasoulis C, Alavi A, Greenspan RH, Hales CA, Saltzman HA, Vreim CE, Terrin ML, Weg JG. Complications and validity of pulmonary angiography in acute pulmonary embolism. Circulation 1992; 85: 462-468.
  • 55. Hudson ER, Smith TP, McDermott VG, Newman GE, Suhocki PV, Payne CS, Stackhouse DJ. Pulmonary angiography performed with iopamidol: complications in 1434 patients. Radiology 1996; 198: 61-65
There are 55 citations in total.

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Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Derlemeler
Authors

Cüneyt Tetikkurt This is me

Publication Date July 20, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2007 Volume: 38 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Tetikkurt, C. (2014). Akut Pulmoner Embolide Tanı. Cerrahpaşa Tıp Dergisi, 38(3), 118-126.
AMA Tetikkurt C. Akut Pulmoner Embolide Tanı. Cerrahpaşa Tıp Dergisi. July 2014;38(3):118-126.
Chicago Tetikkurt, Cüneyt. “Akut Pulmoner Embolide Tanı”. Cerrahpaşa Tıp Dergisi 38, no. 3 (July 2014): 118-26.
EndNote Tetikkurt C (July 1, 2014) Akut Pulmoner Embolide Tanı. Cerrahpaşa Tıp Dergisi 38 3 118–126.
IEEE C. Tetikkurt, “Akut Pulmoner Embolide Tanı”, Cerrahpaşa Tıp Dergisi, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 118–126, 2014.
ISNAD Tetikkurt, Cüneyt. “Akut Pulmoner Embolide Tanı”. Cerrahpaşa Tıp Dergisi 38/3 (July 2014), 118-126.
JAMA Tetikkurt C. Akut Pulmoner Embolide Tanı. Cerrahpaşa Tıp Dergisi. 2014;38:118–126.
MLA Tetikkurt, Cüneyt. “Akut Pulmoner Embolide Tanı”. Cerrahpaşa Tıp Dergisi, vol. 38, no. 3, 2014, pp. 118-26.
Vancouver Tetikkurt C. Akut Pulmoner Embolide Tanı. Cerrahpaşa Tıp Dergisi. 2014;38(3):118-26.