A Model Design for Determining Social Parameters and Their Importance Regarding Fear of Crime Levels

Abstract

The concept of fear of crime has frequently been the subject of research on different residential areas and been discussed factually through its emotional, cognitive, and behavioral aspects. The multifaceted nature of the perspectives put forward regarding fear of crime makes singular evaluations limited. However, measuring fear of crime levels is both relative and brings limitations to theoretical evaluation and methodology discussions. Therefore, fear of crime research is significantly affected by parameter determination and model design processes. This study conducts scanning research on the social causes of the fear of crime phenomenon based on the importance of spatial reality in fear of crime research. At the same time, the study proposes a model design with regard to fear of crime measurements. In this way, the study attempts to understand and overcome the limitations restricting the individual evaluations of social phenomena from a sociological perspective. This research examines within its scope the assumptions of fear of crime approaches using the deductive reasoning technique and develops an analysis strategy and sets of variables based on an eclectic framework and social integration theory. The scaling process of the variable sets included in the research is based on a secondary data analysis. The study obtained and analyzed the open-source data on fear of crime and social integration levels from the Directorate General for Criminal Records and Statistics and the Turkish Statistical Institute. The study has been designed operationally based on the quantitative research method. The study identified the phenomenon of fear of crime and the importance of a change levels in its sociological determinants using a canonical correlation analysis based on the correlational research design. As a result of the analysis, the study discovered a change in fear of crime levels to be related to life satisfaction and migration levels. Subjecting settlements to fear of crime research and detailing the results based on the variables specified on a micro scale are considered useful as these can provide important results in terms of overcoming the research limitations and obtaining valid results.

Keywords

• Fear of crime
• social integration
• social indicators
• canonic correlation
• Türkiye

Suç Korkusunun Toplumsal Parametreleri ile Önem Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesine Yönelik Model Tasarımı

Abstract

Alan yazında farklı yerleşim yerleri üzerinden sıklıkla araştırmalara konu edilen suç korkusu kavramı; duygusal, bilişsel ve davranışsal açıdan ele alınabilen nesnel bir araştırma alanıdır. Suç korkusuna yönelik geliştirilen bu bakış açılarının çok yönlü bir niteliğe sahip olması tekil değerlendirmeleri kısıtlı hale getirmektedir. Bununla birlikte suç korkusu düzeylerinin ölçülmesi kuramsal değerlendirme ve metodoloji tartışmalarına hem bağıl bir özellik göstermekte hem de sınırlılık getirmektedir. Dolayısıyla suç korkusu araştırmaları parametre tespiti ve model tasarımından önemli ölçüde etkilenmektedir. Bu çalışmada suç korkusu araştırmalarında mekânsal gerçekliğin önemi esas alınarak suç korkusu olgusunun toplumsal nedenleri üzerine bir tarama araştırması yapılmış, suç korkusu ölçümleri açısından model tasarımı önerilmiştir. Böylelikle toplumsal olguların tekil değerlendirmelerini kısıtlı hale getiren sınırlılıklar sosyolojik bakış açısından hareketle anlaşılmaya ve aşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırmada kapsam olarak tümdengelimsel bir akıl yürütme tekniğiyle suç korkusu yaklaşımlarının sayıltıları incelenmiş, sosyal bütünleşme teorisinden hareketle eklektik bir çerçeve esas alınarak değişken setleri ve çözümleme stratejisi oluşturulmuştur. Araştırmada yer verilen değişken setlerinin ölçeklendirme süreci ikincil veri analizine göre gerçekleştirilmiş olup, suç korkusu ve sosyal bütünleşme düzeylerine ilişkin açık kaynak verileri Adli Sicil ve İstatistik Genel Müdürlüğü ile Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu’ndan elde edilmiştir. Çalışma operasyonel açıdan nicel araştırma yöntemi üzerine tasarlanmış, korelasyonel araştırma deseni esas alınarak suç korkusu olgusu ve sosyolojik belirleyicilerinin değişim düzeyleri kanonik korelasyon analiziyle tespit edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda suç korkusu düzeylerindeki değişimin yaşam memnuniyeti ve göç etme düzeyleriyle ilişkili olduğu keşfedilmiştir. Yerleşim yerlerinin mikro ölçekte belirtilen değişkenlerden hareketle suç korkusu araştırmalarına konu edilmesinin ve detaylandırılmasının araştırmaların sınırlılığının aşılması ve geçerli sonuçlar elde edilmesi açısından önemli olduğu ortaya çıkarılmıştır.

Keywords

• Suç korkusu
• sosyal bütünleşme
• toplumsal göstergeler
• kanonik korelasyon
• Türkiye

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