The State of Criminality in Tajikistan

Year 2021, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 287 - 316, 30.06.2021

Yuldoshev Rifat Rahmadjonovıch Safarzoda Anvar Islom Mahmadzoda Neru

Abstract

The research analyzes the quantitative and qualitative components of criminality, and focuses on the 27-year period of the evolution of criminality in independent Tajikistan. Criminal policy and statistics are examined through the prism of theory, history, practice, figures and facts, contemporary achievements of the legislation and prospects for the development of a modern society. The authors propose different variations, cite and compare the points of prominent criminologists and independent experts in the context of their accuracy and timely application. Additionally, a detailed analysis of registered crimes indicates a radical revision of the domestic system’s registration discipline, in particular, and criminal policy in general. The research analyzed the “pros” and “cons” of the social control of criminality as well as specified the collection, processing and thorough analysis of statistical data. The research takes timely decisions and a transition to the digitalization format of the entire criminal policy process. The context of the study is compatible with the strategic goals and objectives of reforming the internal affairs bodies of the MIA of the Republic of Tajikistan, which follows from the contents of the Police reform strategy for 2013-2020, the Police reform (development) program for 2014-2020, and other adopted regulatory legal acts and developed projects of these documents

Keywords

Criminal policy, criminality, statistical data

References

• Agency for statistics under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan. (2016). Tajikistan: 25 years of state independence. Statistical compilation. Dushanbe, Tajikistan: Author. google scholar
• Agency for statistics under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan. (2019). Socio-economic situation of the Republic of Tajikistan (January-December of 2018). Retrieved from http://stat.ww.tj/posts/february2019/12-180-2018-doklad.pdf. google scholar
• Agency for statistics under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan. (2020). Socio-economic situation of the Republic of Tajikistan (January-December of 2019). Retrieved from http://stat.ww.tj/files/12_%202019%20 goKaag%20pyccKUH%20(1)%20(1).pdf. google scholar
• Alekseev, A.I., Ovchinsky, V.S., & Pobegailo, E.F. (2006). Russian criminal policy: overcoming the crisis. Moscow, Russia: Norma. google scholar
• Alexandrov, A.S., & Alexandrova, I.A. (2017). What manifesto of criminal policy we need, and what should not be manifested. Bulletin of the Nizhny Novgorod academy of the Ministry of 'Internal Affairs of Russia, N°4 (40), 337-341. google scholar
• Antonyan, Yu.M. (2015). Criminology: textbook for academic undergraduate. Moscow, Russia: Yurayt. google scholar
• Bahridinzoda, S.E. (2016). On the introduction of criminological expertise in the Republic of Tajikistan: opinions and prospects. Actual issues of the reform ofprocedural legislation and law enforcement activity. Materials of the international scientific and theoretical conference. Dushanbe, Tajikistan. google scholar
• Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation (2010), N28. google scholar
• Collection of regulatory legal acts on police reform (2015). Dushanbe, Tajikistan: Polygraph Group. google scholar
• Inshakov, S.M. (1997). Foreign criminology. Moscow, Russia: Infra-M-NORMA. google scholar
• Esakov, G.A., Dolotov R.O., Filatova, M.A., Redchits, M.A., Stepanov, P.P., Tsai, K.A. (2017). Criminal policy: roadmp (2017-2025). Moscow, Russia. google scholar
• Federal Law ofRussian Federation “On the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation”. (2011, February 7). Retrieved from http://docs.cntd.ru/document/902260214. google scholar
• Gavrilov, B.Ya. (2008). Modern criminal policy ofRussia: figures and facts. Moscow, Russia: Prospect. google scholar
• Gilinsky, I.I. (2013). Deviantology: the sociology of criminality, narcotism, prostitution, suicide and other “deviations”. Saint-Petersburg, Russia: Alef-Press. google scholar
• Kogan, V.M. (1977). The social properties of criminality. Moscow, Russia: Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR. google scholar
• Kogan, V.M. (1983). Social mechanism of criminal-legal influence. Moscow, Russia: Nauka. google scholar
• Kozhevnikov, I.N. (1998). Materials of the “round table”. The problem of improving the criteria for evaluating the activities of internal affairs bodies in the field of criminality control. Moscow, Russia. google scholar
• Kudryavtsev, V.N. (1971). The effectiveness of the criminal justice system. Socialist legality, Ns7. 13-18. google scholar
• Luneev, V.V. (2005). Criminality of the XXI century: global, regional and russian trends. Moscow, Russia: Wolters Kluwer. google scholar
• Luneev, V.V. (2013). Criminality against modernization. Russia and the modern world, N°1 (78). google scholar
• Luneev, V.V. (2016, October 10). Before proposing another reform, it is necessary to study the realities. The answer of the criminologist to the processist A.S. Alexandrov. Speech at the Round Table “Investigative Power: “for” and “against”, IGP RAS / MASP. Moscow, Russia. Retrieved from http://www.iuaj.net/ node/2100. google scholar
• Luneev, V.V. (2017). The era of globalization and criminality. Moscow, Russia: Norma. google scholar
• Malysheva, O.A. (2013). Ensuring the rule oflaw in pre-trial criminal proceedings. Moscow, Russia: Kolomna. google scholar
• Malysheva, O.A. (2019). Pre-trial proceedings in the Russian criminal process: theory, practice, prospects. Moscow, Russia: Yurayt. google scholar Maximov S.V. (1995). Brief criminological dictionary. Moscow, Russia: Lawyer. google scholar
• Maximov, S.V., Vasin, Yu.G., Valuyskov, N.V., & Utarov, K.A. (2019). Digitalization of criminal policy as a tool to overcome its asystemicity. All-Russian criminological journal, tome 13, N°3, 395-407. google scholar
• Nazarov, A.D. (2017). Investigative and judicial errors and the criminal procedural mechanism for their elimination: conceptual foundations (Doctoral dissertation). Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia. google scholar
• Ostroumov, S.S., Panchenko, S.N. (1967). The new system of criminal statistics and its importance in the work of bodies engaged in the fight against criminality. Socialist legality, N°1, 34-37. google scholar
• Rahimzoda, R.H. (2014). Criminal-legal, criminological and operational-investigative characteristics of felonies and especially grievous crimes committed in the field of economy. Dushanbe, Tajikistan: Irfon. google scholar
• Rogova, E.V., Yuldoshev, R.R. (2017). Criminal misconduct in the context of contemporary trends in criminal policy. Dushanbe, Russia: Er-Graf. google scholar Saviuk, L.K. (2000). Legal statistics. Moscow, Russia: Yurist. google scholar
• Shepeleva, O. (2019). Crimes and punishments: what to do with Russian prisons? Moscow, Russia. google scholar
• Shklyaruk, M., Skugarevsky, D., Dmitrieva, A., Skifsky, I., & Begtin I. (2015). Criminal statistics: mechanisms of formation, causes of distortion, ways of reforming. Research report. Saint-Petersburg - Moscow, Russia: Norma. google scholar
• The list of priority areas for the development of science, engineering and technology in the Republic of Tajikistan for 2015-2020 (2014). Approved by the Decree of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan dated December 4, 2014, Ns765. Unified state register of regulatory legal acts of the Republic of Tajikistan, N°12, part 1. google scholar
• The Federation Council proposed to create Unified center for criminal policy in Russia. (2017). Retrieved from https://www.ugpr.ru/news/1563-v-rossii-mojet-poyavitsya-edinyy-tsent. google scholar
• Titaev, K.D, Knorre, A., Kudryavtsev, V., & Shklyaruk, M. (2017). Manifesto of the new criminology “Criminal policy based on data”. Retrieved from http://test.russia2035.ru/wpcontent/uploads/2017/06/new_criminology_ manifesto_fin.pdf. google scholar
• Toropin, Yu.V. (2013). Latent crime and the use of its indicators in the activities of internal affairs bodies (Candidate dissertation). Moscow, Russia. google scholar
• Vedernikova O.N. (2010). Materials of the “round table” held by the Academy of the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation on May 28-29, 2010. Bulletin of the Academy of the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation, Nç3, 65-71. google scholar
• Volkov, V., Dmitrieva, A., Skugarevsky, D., & Titaev, E. (2014). Criminal justice of Russia in 2009: comprehensive analysis of judicial statistics. Moscow, Russia: Statute. google scholar
• Volkov, V.V., Paneyakh, E.L., & Titaev, K.D. (2010). Reform of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia: four problems and eight measures to solve them. Series “Analytical notes on the problems of law enforcement”, IPP EU SPb. Saint-Petersburg, Russia. google scholar
• Yuldoshev, R.R., Mahmadiev, Kh.Kh., & Akbarzoda, A.A. (2018). Criminality in Tajikistan (1991-2016). Dushanbe, Tajikistan: Contrast. google scholar
• Zabryansky, G.I. (2010). Methodology of the statistical study of criminality (introduction to criminological statistics). Moscow, Russia: Granitsa. google scholar