Uluslararası Adalet Divanı Kararları Işığında Bireysel Hakların Diplomatik ve Konsüler Haklar Bağlamında Korunması

Year 2022, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 1 - 40, 20.05.2022

Cüneyt Yüksel Deniz Baran

https://doi.org/10.26650/JPLC2022-1072147

Abstract

Birlemiş Milletler’in başlıca yargı organı olan Uluslararası Adalet Divanı (UAD veya Divan), küresel çapta hukukun üstünlüğünün tesis edilmesi gayretleriyle, kurulduğundan bu yana insan haklarının korunması konusunda çok önemli katkılarda bulunmuştur. Divan’ın kuruluşundan bu yana çözüme kavuşturduğu birçok davada doğrudan bireylerin hakları ve menfaatleri ile ilgili meseleleri ele aldığı ve 21. yüzyılda bireysel hakların uluslararası hukuk çerçevesinde korunması konusunda daha etkin bir tutuma sahip olma eğilimi göstermeye başladığı söylenebilir. Bu eğilim, 2000’li yılların başından itibaren görülen ve bireylerin adil yargılanma hakkının uluslararası hukuk çerçevesinde korunması açısından çok önemli bir yere sahip olan bazı konsüler hakların güvence altına alınmasına ilişkin bir dizi davada verilen gözlemlenmektedir. Bu kararlar kronolojik sırasıyla LaGrand, Avena ve Diğerleri ve UAD’nin en güncel kararlarından biri olan 2019 tarihli Jadhav Kararı’dır. Bu makalede söz konusu eğilime işaret edebilmek için söz konusu davalar sırasıyla detaylı bir şekilde incelenmektedir. Özellikle, son bölümde yer alan Jadhav Kararı’nın önceki emsal davalarda verilen kararların ötesine geçen yönlerine ışık tutulmaktadır. Böylece, bu makale ile Divan’ın bireysel hakları aktif bir şekilde koruma hususunda sergilediği gelişimin ilgili davaların mukayeseli bir şekilde ele alınması yöntemiyle ortaya konması hedeflenmektedir.

Keywords

LaGrand Kararı, Avena Kararı, Jadhav Kararı, 1963 tarihli Konsolosluk İlişkileri Hakkında Viyana Sözleşmesi, Uluslararası Adalet Divanı ve İnsan Hakları, Diplomatik ve Konsüler Haklar, Bireysel Haklar.

International Court of Justice Judgments on the Protection of Individual Rights in the Context of Diplomatic and Consular Rights

Abstract

The International Court of Justice (ICJ), the main judicial body of the United Nations, has contributed significantly to the protection of human rights in its efforts to build up the rule of law on a global scale. The ICJ has dealt with issues directly related to the rights and interests of individuals in cases brought before it, and in the 21st century, began to endorse a more active approach in the protection of individual rights. This is apparent in several judgments since the early 2000s on the protection of certain consular rights. The relevant cases are LaGrand, Avena and Others, and Jadhav, the latter being one of the most recent judgments of the ICJ. In this article, these cases are examined in detail, to illustrate the abovementioned tendency of the ICJ. In particular, the different and more progressive aspects of the Jadhav Judgment compared to the LaGrand and Avena Judgments are highlighted. The main aim of this article is to prove the evolving approach of the ICJ in terms of actively protecting individual rights, through a comparison of three similar cases where it dealt with the violation of the same individual rights.

Keywords

LaGrand Case, Avena Case, Jadhav Case, the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, International Court of Justice and Human Rights, diplomatic and consular Rights, individual rights

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