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MULTIRANK COINTEGRATION ANALYSIS OF TURKISH M1 MONEY DEMAND (1987Q1-2006Q3)

Year 2007, Issue: 6, 1 - 28, 19.09.2011

Abstract

In our paper, we employ multivariate cointegration analysis to the Turkish M1 narrow money demand. The ex-post estimation results reveal that it is possible to identify a money
demand vector in the cointegrating space as a priori hypothesized through economics theory. But some structural break points and parameter instabilities coincided with post-1994
economic crisis period and 2000-stabilization program cast some doubt upon whether the estimated model can represent all the period under investigation. Besides, a second potential
vector found in the long-run variable space has been decomposed to reconcile it with excess aggregate demand reacting to the domestic inflation.  

References

  • Akçay, O. Cevdet, Alper, C. Emre and Karasulu, Meral (1997), “Currency Substitution and Exchange Rate Instability: The Turkish Case”, European Economic Review, 41, 827-835.
  • Akıncı, Özge (2003), “Modeling the Demand for Currency Issued in Turkey”, Central Bank Review 1, 1-25.
  • Altınkemer, Melike (2004), “Importance of Base Money Even When Inflation Targeting”, CBRT Research Department Working Paper, No. 04/04.
  • Ardıç, Kaya (1997), “Lucas Eleştirisi”, in Merih Paya (ed.), Makroiktisat, Filiz Kitabevi, İstanbul, 330-333.
  • Baharumshah, Ahmad Zubaidi (2001), “The Effect of Exchange Rate on Bilateral Trade Balance: New Evidence from Malaysia and Thailand”, Asian Economic Journal, 15/3, 291-312.
  • Baumol, William J. (1952), “The Transactions Demand for Cash: An Inventory Theoretic Approach”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 66, 1952, 545-556.
  • Branson, William H. (1989), Macroeconomic Theory and Policy, Third Ed., Harper&RowPublishers, New York.
  • Calvo, Guillermo A. and Leiderman, Leonardo (1992), “Optimal Inflation Tax under Precommitment: Theory and Evidence”, The American Economic Review, 82/1, 179-194.
  • Choudhry, Taufiq (1995), “High Inflation Rates and the Long-Run Money Demand Function: Evidence from Cointegration Tests”, Journal of Macroeconomics, 17/1, Winter, 77-91.
  • Cheung, Yin-Wong and Lai, Kon S. (1993), “Finite-sample Sizes of Johansen’s Likelihood Ratio Tests for Cointegration”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 55, 313-28.
  • Civcir, İrfan (2000), “Broad Money Demand, Financial Liberalization and Currency Substitution in Turkey”, ERF Seventh Annual Conference Proceedings.
  • Dickey, David A., Jansen, Dennis W. and Thornton, Daniel L. (1991), “A Primer on Cointegration with An Application to Money and Income”, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review, March/April, 58-78.
  • Easterly, William R., Mauro, Paolo and Schmidt-Hebbel, Klaus (1995), “Money Demand and Seigniorage- Maximizing Inflation”, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 27/2, 583-603.
  • Engle, Robert F. and Granger, C. W. J. (1987). "Co-integration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation, and Testing", Econometrica, 55, 251-276.
  • Engle, Robert F., Hendry, David F. and Richard, Jean-Francois (1983), “Exogeneity”, Econometrica, 51/2, March, 277-304.
  • Friedman, Milton (1956), “The Quantity Theory of Money - A Restatement”, in Milton Friedman (ed.), Studies in The Quantity Theory of Money, The University of Chicago Press, 3-21.
  • Friedman, Milton (1959), “The Demand for Money: Some Theoretical and Empirical Results”, The Journal of Political Economy, 67/4, August, 327-351.
  • Friedman, Benjamin M. and Kuttner, Kenneth N. (1992), “Money, Income, Prices and Interest Rates”, The American Economic Review, 82/3, June, 472-492.
  • Garrat, Anthony, Lee, Kevin, Pesaran, M. Hashem and Shin, Yongcheol (2000), “A Structural Cointegrating VAR Approach to Macroeconometric Modelling”, in Sean Holly and Martin Weale (eds.), Econometric Modelling: Techniques and Applications, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 94-131.
  • Garrat, Anthony, Lee Kevin, Pesaran, M. Hashem and Shin, Yongcheol (2003), “A Long Run Structural Macroeconometric Model of the UK”, The Economic Journal, 113, April, 412-455.
  • Goldfeld, Stephen M. (1973), “The Demand for Money Revisited”, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 3, 577-638.
  • Goldfeld, Stephen M. (1976), “The Case of Missing Money”, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 3, 683- 730.
  • Goldfeld, Stephen M. and Sichel, Daniel E. (1990), “The Demand for Money”, in B. M. Friedman and F.H. Hahn (eds.), Handbook of Monetary Economics, 1, 300-356.
  • Gonzalo, Jesus (1994), “Five Alternative Methods of Estimating Long-Run Equilibrium Relationships”, Journal of Econometrics, 60, 203-233.
  • Gordon, Robert (1984), “The Short-Run Demand for Money: A Reconsideration”, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 16/4, 403-434.
  • Granger, C.W.J. and Newbold, Paul (1974), “Spurious Regressions in Economics”, Journal of Econometrics, 2/2, 111-120.
  • Hafer, R. W. and Hein, Scott (1979), “Evidence on the Temporal Stability of the Demand for Money Relationship in the United States”, FRB of St. Louis Review, 61/12, 3-14.
  • Harris, R.I.D. (1995), Using Cointegration Analysis in Econometric Modelling, Prentice Hall.
  • Hendry, David and Ericsson, Neil R. (1991), “An Econometric Analysis of U.K. Money Demand in Monetary Trends in the United States and United Kingdom by Milton Friedman and Anna J. Schwartz”, The American Economic Review, 81/1, 8-38.
  • Hoffman, Dennis L. and Rasche, Robert H. (1996), Aggregate Money Demand Functions, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • Johansen, Sǿren (1992), “Determination of Cointegration Rank in the Presence of a Linear Trend”, Oxford Bulletin of Cointegration Rank in the Presence of a Linear Trend”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 54/3, 383-397.
  • Johansen, Sǿren (1995), Likelihood-based Inference in Cointegrated Vector Autoregressive Models, Oxford University Press.
  • Johansen, Sǿren and Juselius, Katarina (1990), “Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference on Cointegration-with applications to the demand for money”, Qxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 52, 169-210.
  • Johansen, Sǿren and Juselius, Katarina (1994), “Identification of the Long-run and the Short-run Structure An Application to the ISLM Model”, Journal of Econometrics, 63, 7-36.
  • Judd, John P. and Scadding, John L. (1982), “The Search for a Stable Money Demand Function: A Survey of the Post-1973 Literature”, Journal of Economic Literature, 20/3, September, 993-1023.
  • Keyder, Nur (1998), Para, Teori, Politika, Uygulama, Gel. 6. Baskı, Beta Dağıtım.
  • Koğar, Çiğdem İzgi (1995a), “Cointegration Test for Money Demand The Case for Turkey and Israel”, CBRT Research Department Discussion Paper, No: 9514, May.
  • Koğar, Çiğdem İzgi (1995b), “Financial Innovation and Monetary Control”, CBRT Research Department Discussion Paper, No. 9515, May.
  • Kontolemis, Zenon G. (2002), “Money Demand in The Euro Area: Where Do We Stand (Today)?”, IMF Working Paper 02/185.
  • Kural, Vural (1997), “Para İkamesi Altında Enflasyonist Finansman”, Hazine Dergisi, 5, 45-57.
  • Laidler, David E.W. (1973), The Demand for Money Theories and Evidence, International Textbook Company.
  • Laumas, G.S. and Spencer, David E. (1980), “The Stability of the Demand for Money: Evidence from the Post- 1973 Period”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 62/3, 455-459.
  • MacKinnon, J.G. (1996), “Numerical Distribution Functions for Unit Root and Cointegration Tests”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 11, 601-618.
  • MacKinnon, James G., Alfred A. Haug, and Leo Michelis (1999), "Numerical Distribution Functions of Likelihood Ratio Tests For Cointegration," Journal of Applied Econometrics, 14, 563-577.
  • Metin, Kıvılcım (1994), “Modelling The Demand for Narrow Money in Turkey”, METU Studies in Development, 21/2, 231-256.
  • Metin, Kıvılcım (1995), The Analysis of Inflation: The Case of Turkey (1948-1988), Capital Markets Board Publications, No. 20.
  • Mutluer, Defne and Yasemin Barlas (2002), “Modeling the Turkish Broad Money Demand”, Central Bank Review 2, 55-75.
  • Nachega, Jean-Claude (2001), “A Cointegration Analysis of Broad Money Demand in Cameroon”, IMF Working Paper, No. 01/26.
  • Osterwald-Lenum, Michael (1992), “A note with Quantiles of the Asymptotic Distribution of the Maximum Likelihood Cointegration Rank Test Statistics”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 54, 461- 472.
  • Özdemir, K. Azim and Turner, Paul (2004), “The Demand for Base Money in Turkey: Implications for Inflation and Seigniorage”, CBRT Research Department Working Paper, No. 04/12.
  • Özmen, Erdal (1996), “The Demand for Money Instability”, METU Studies in Development, 23/2, 271-292.
  • Pantula, S.G. (1989), “Testing for Unit Roots in Time Series Data”, Econometric Theory, 5, 256-271.
  • Pesaran, M. Hashem, Schuermann, Til, Weiner, Scott M. (2004), “Modelling Regional Interdependencies Using a Global Error-Correcting Macroeconometric Model”, Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 22/2, April, 129-181.
  • Pesaran, M. Hashem and Smith, Ron (2006), “Macroeconometric Modelling with a Global Perspective”, The Manchester School, Supplement, 24-49.
  • QMS (2004), EViews 5 User’s Guide, April.
  • Selçuk, Faruk (1994), “Currency Substitution in Turkey”, Applied Economics, 26, 509-518.
  • Selçuk, Faruk (1997), “GMM Estimation of Currency Substitution in a High-Inflation Economy: Evidence from Turkey”, Applied Economics Letters, 4, 225-227.
  • Selçuk, Faruk (2001), “Seigniorage, Currency Substitution and Inflation in Turkey”, Russian and East European Finance and Trade, 37/6, 41-50.
  • Sims, Christopher A. (1980), "Macroeconomics and Reality," Econometrica, 48/1, January, 1-48.
  • Soydan, Aylin (2003), “Financial Liberalization, Currency Substitution and Seigniorage Evidence from Turkey”, Paper Presented to the Conference on Policy Modeling, July 3-5, Istanbul.
  • Sriram, Subramanian S. (1999), “Demand for M2 in an Emerging – Market Economy: An Error Correction Model for Malaysia”, IMF Working Paper 99/17.
  • Şıklar, İlyas (1998), “Currency Substitution and Seigniorage Revenue in a Developing Country: The Turkish Case”, Yapı Kredi Economic Review, 9/1, 3-14.
  • Tobin, James (1956), “The Interest-Elasticiy of Transactions Demand for Cash”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 38/3, August, 241-247.
  • Tobin, James (1958), “Liquidity Preference as Behavior Towards Risk”, The Review of Economic Studies, 25/2, February, 65-86.
  • Yavan, Zafer A. ( 1993), “Geriye Dönük Modelleme / Çoklu Koentegrasyon ve İleriye Dönük Modelleme Yaklaşımları Çerçevesinde Türkiye’de Para Talebi”, ODTÜ Gelişme Dergisi, 20/3, 381-416.

MULTIRANK COINTEGRATION ANALYSIS OF TURKISH M1 MONEY DEMAND (1987Q1-2006Q3)

Year 2007, Issue: 6, 1 - 28, 19.09.2011

Abstract

Çalışmamızda Türkiye Ekonomisi koşullarında dar kapsamlı M1 para talebi çok değişkenli
eşbütünleşim çözümlemesi kullanılarak incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen tahmin
sonuçları iktisat kuramı doğrultusunda oluşturulacak bir para talebi vektörünün deng e
eşbütünleşim uzayında tanımlanabileceğini göstermektedir. Ancak 1994 kriz sonrası ve 2000
istikrar programı sonrası tahmin edilen yapısal kırılma ve katsayı istikrarsızlıkları tahmin
edilen modelin bütün bir inceleme dönemini temsil edip edemeyeceği ile ilgili olarak bazı
kuşkuların oluşmasına yol açmıştır. Ayrıca, uzun dönem değişken uzayı içerisinde tahmin
edilen ikinci bir vektör de yurtiçi enflasyona karşı duyarlılık gösteren aşırı toplam talep
olgusu ile ilişkilendirilmiştir.

References

  • Akçay, O. Cevdet, Alper, C. Emre and Karasulu, Meral (1997), “Currency Substitution and Exchange Rate Instability: The Turkish Case”, European Economic Review, 41, 827-835.
  • Akıncı, Özge (2003), “Modeling the Demand for Currency Issued in Turkey”, Central Bank Review 1, 1-25.
  • Altınkemer, Melike (2004), “Importance of Base Money Even When Inflation Targeting”, CBRT Research Department Working Paper, No. 04/04.
  • Ardıç, Kaya (1997), “Lucas Eleştirisi”, in Merih Paya (ed.), Makroiktisat, Filiz Kitabevi, İstanbul, 330-333.
  • Baharumshah, Ahmad Zubaidi (2001), “The Effect of Exchange Rate on Bilateral Trade Balance: New Evidence from Malaysia and Thailand”, Asian Economic Journal, 15/3, 291-312.
  • Baumol, William J. (1952), “The Transactions Demand for Cash: An Inventory Theoretic Approach”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 66, 1952, 545-556.
  • Branson, William H. (1989), Macroeconomic Theory and Policy, Third Ed., Harper&RowPublishers, New York.
  • Calvo, Guillermo A. and Leiderman, Leonardo (1992), “Optimal Inflation Tax under Precommitment: Theory and Evidence”, The American Economic Review, 82/1, 179-194.
  • Choudhry, Taufiq (1995), “High Inflation Rates and the Long-Run Money Demand Function: Evidence from Cointegration Tests”, Journal of Macroeconomics, 17/1, Winter, 77-91.
  • Cheung, Yin-Wong and Lai, Kon S. (1993), “Finite-sample Sizes of Johansen’s Likelihood Ratio Tests for Cointegration”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 55, 313-28.
  • Civcir, İrfan (2000), “Broad Money Demand, Financial Liberalization and Currency Substitution in Turkey”, ERF Seventh Annual Conference Proceedings.
  • Dickey, David A., Jansen, Dennis W. and Thornton, Daniel L. (1991), “A Primer on Cointegration with An Application to Money and Income”, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review, March/April, 58-78.
  • Easterly, William R., Mauro, Paolo and Schmidt-Hebbel, Klaus (1995), “Money Demand and Seigniorage- Maximizing Inflation”, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 27/2, 583-603.
  • Engle, Robert F. and Granger, C. W. J. (1987). "Co-integration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation, and Testing", Econometrica, 55, 251-276.
  • Engle, Robert F., Hendry, David F. and Richard, Jean-Francois (1983), “Exogeneity”, Econometrica, 51/2, March, 277-304.
  • Friedman, Milton (1956), “The Quantity Theory of Money - A Restatement”, in Milton Friedman (ed.), Studies in The Quantity Theory of Money, The University of Chicago Press, 3-21.
  • Friedman, Milton (1959), “The Demand for Money: Some Theoretical and Empirical Results”, The Journal of Political Economy, 67/4, August, 327-351.
  • Friedman, Benjamin M. and Kuttner, Kenneth N. (1992), “Money, Income, Prices and Interest Rates”, The American Economic Review, 82/3, June, 472-492.
  • Garrat, Anthony, Lee, Kevin, Pesaran, M. Hashem and Shin, Yongcheol (2000), “A Structural Cointegrating VAR Approach to Macroeconometric Modelling”, in Sean Holly and Martin Weale (eds.), Econometric Modelling: Techniques and Applications, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 94-131.
  • Garrat, Anthony, Lee Kevin, Pesaran, M. Hashem and Shin, Yongcheol (2003), “A Long Run Structural Macroeconometric Model of the UK”, The Economic Journal, 113, April, 412-455.
  • Goldfeld, Stephen M. (1973), “The Demand for Money Revisited”, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 3, 577-638.
  • Goldfeld, Stephen M. (1976), “The Case of Missing Money”, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 3, 683- 730.
  • Goldfeld, Stephen M. and Sichel, Daniel E. (1990), “The Demand for Money”, in B. M. Friedman and F.H. Hahn (eds.), Handbook of Monetary Economics, 1, 300-356.
  • Gonzalo, Jesus (1994), “Five Alternative Methods of Estimating Long-Run Equilibrium Relationships”, Journal of Econometrics, 60, 203-233.
  • Gordon, Robert (1984), “The Short-Run Demand for Money: A Reconsideration”, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 16/4, 403-434.
  • Granger, C.W.J. and Newbold, Paul (1974), “Spurious Regressions in Economics”, Journal of Econometrics, 2/2, 111-120.
  • Hafer, R. W. and Hein, Scott (1979), “Evidence on the Temporal Stability of the Demand for Money Relationship in the United States”, FRB of St. Louis Review, 61/12, 3-14.
  • Harris, R.I.D. (1995), Using Cointegration Analysis in Econometric Modelling, Prentice Hall.
  • Hendry, David and Ericsson, Neil R. (1991), “An Econometric Analysis of U.K. Money Demand in Monetary Trends in the United States and United Kingdom by Milton Friedman and Anna J. Schwartz”, The American Economic Review, 81/1, 8-38.
  • Hoffman, Dennis L. and Rasche, Robert H. (1996), Aggregate Money Demand Functions, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • Johansen, Sǿren (1992), “Determination of Cointegration Rank in the Presence of a Linear Trend”, Oxford Bulletin of Cointegration Rank in the Presence of a Linear Trend”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 54/3, 383-397.
  • Johansen, Sǿren (1995), Likelihood-based Inference in Cointegrated Vector Autoregressive Models, Oxford University Press.
  • Johansen, Sǿren and Juselius, Katarina (1990), “Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference on Cointegration-with applications to the demand for money”, Qxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 52, 169-210.
  • Johansen, Sǿren and Juselius, Katarina (1994), “Identification of the Long-run and the Short-run Structure An Application to the ISLM Model”, Journal of Econometrics, 63, 7-36.
  • Judd, John P. and Scadding, John L. (1982), “The Search for a Stable Money Demand Function: A Survey of the Post-1973 Literature”, Journal of Economic Literature, 20/3, September, 993-1023.
  • Keyder, Nur (1998), Para, Teori, Politika, Uygulama, Gel. 6. Baskı, Beta Dağıtım.
  • Koğar, Çiğdem İzgi (1995a), “Cointegration Test for Money Demand The Case for Turkey and Israel”, CBRT Research Department Discussion Paper, No: 9514, May.
  • Koğar, Çiğdem İzgi (1995b), “Financial Innovation and Monetary Control”, CBRT Research Department Discussion Paper, No. 9515, May.
  • Kontolemis, Zenon G. (2002), “Money Demand in The Euro Area: Where Do We Stand (Today)?”, IMF Working Paper 02/185.
  • Kural, Vural (1997), “Para İkamesi Altında Enflasyonist Finansman”, Hazine Dergisi, 5, 45-57.
  • Laidler, David E.W. (1973), The Demand for Money Theories and Evidence, International Textbook Company.
  • Laumas, G.S. and Spencer, David E. (1980), “The Stability of the Demand for Money: Evidence from the Post- 1973 Period”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 62/3, 455-459.
  • MacKinnon, J.G. (1996), “Numerical Distribution Functions for Unit Root and Cointegration Tests”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 11, 601-618.
  • MacKinnon, James G., Alfred A. Haug, and Leo Michelis (1999), "Numerical Distribution Functions of Likelihood Ratio Tests For Cointegration," Journal of Applied Econometrics, 14, 563-577.
  • Metin, Kıvılcım (1994), “Modelling The Demand for Narrow Money in Turkey”, METU Studies in Development, 21/2, 231-256.
  • Metin, Kıvılcım (1995), The Analysis of Inflation: The Case of Turkey (1948-1988), Capital Markets Board Publications, No. 20.
  • Mutluer, Defne and Yasemin Barlas (2002), “Modeling the Turkish Broad Money Demand”, Central Bank Review 2, 55-75.
  • Nachega, Jean-Claude (2001), “A Cointegration Analysis of Broad Money Demand in Cameroon”, IMF Working Paper, No. 01/26.
  • Osterwald-Lenum, Michael (1992), “A note with Quantiles of the Asymptotic Distribution of the Maximum Likelihood Cointegration Rank Test Statistics”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 54, 461- 472.
  • Özdemir, K. Azim and Turner, Paul (2004), “The Demand for Base Money in Turkey: Implications for Inflation and Seigniorage”, CBRT Research Department Working Paper, No. 04/12.
  • Özmen, Erdal (1996), “The Demand for Money Instability”, METU Studies in Development, 23/2, 271-292.
  • Pantula, S.G. (1989), “Testing for Unit Roots in Time Series Data”, Econometric Theory, 5, 256-271.
  • Pesaran, M. Hashem, Schuermann, Til, Weiner, Scott M. (2004), “Modelling Regional Interdependencies Using a Global Error-Correcting Macroeconometric Model”, Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 22/2, April, 129-181.
  • Pesaran, M. Hashem and Smith, Ron (2006), “Macroeconometric Modelling with a Global Perspective”, The Manchester School, Supplement, 24-49.
  • QMS (2004), EViews 5 User’s Guide, April.
  • Selçuk, Faruk (1994), “Currency Substitution in Turkey”, Applied Economics, 26, 509-518.
  • Selçuk, Faruk (1997), “GMM Estimation of Currency Substitution in a High-Inflation Economy: Evidence from Turkey”, Applied Economics Letters, 4, 225-227.
  • Selçuk, Faruk (2001), “Seigniorage, Currency Substitution and Inflation in Turkey”, Russian and East European Finance and Trade, 37/6, 41-50.
  • Sims, Christopher A. (1980), "Macroeconomics and Reality," Econometrica, 48/1, January, 1-48.
  • Soydan, Aylin (2003), “Financial Liberalization, Currency Substitution and Seigniorage Evidence from Turkey”, Paper Presented to the Conference on Policy Modeling, July 3-5, Istanbul.
  • Sriram, Subramanian S. (1999), “Demand for M2 in an Emerging – Market Economy: An Error Correction Model for Malaysia”, IMF Working Paper 99/17.
  • Şıklar, İlyas (1998), “Currency Substitution and Seigniorage Revenue in a Developing Country: The Turkish Case”, Yapı Kredi Economic Review, 9/1, 3-14.
  • Tobin, James (1956), “The Interest-Elasticiy of Transactions Demand for Cash”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 38/3, August, 241-247.
  • Tobin, James (1958), “Liquidity Preference as Behavior Towards Risk”, The Review of Economic Studies, 25/2, February, 65-86.
  • Yavan, Zafer A. ( 1993), “Geriye Dönük Modelleme / Çoklu Koentegrasyon ve İleriye Dönük Modelleme Yaklaşımları Çerçevesinde Türkiye’de Para Talebi”, ODTÜ Gelişme Dergisi, 20/3, 381-416.
There are 65 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

H. Levent Korap This is me

Publication Date September 19, 2011
Published in Issue Year 2007 Issue: 6

Cite

APA Korap, H. L. (2011). MULTIRANK COINTEGRATION ANALYSIS OF TURKISH M1 MONEY DEMAND (1987Q1-2006Q3). Istanbul University Econometrics and Statistics E-Journal(6), 1-28.
AMA Korap HL. MULTIRANK COINTEGRATION ANALYSIS OF TURKISH M1 MONEY DEMAND (1987Q1-2006Q3). Istanbul University Econometrics and Statistics e-Journal. September 2011;(6):1-28.
Chicago Korap, H. Levent. “MULTIRANK COINTEGRATION ANALYSIS OF TURKISH M1 MONEY DEMAND (1987Q1-2006Q3)”. Istanbul University Econometrics and Statistics E-Journal, no. 6 (September 2011): 1-28.
EndNote Korap HL (September 1, 2011) MULTIRANK COINTEGRATION ANALYSIS OF TURKISH M1 MONEY DEMAND (1987Q1-2006Q3). Istanbul University Econometrics and Statistics e-Journal 6 1–28.
IEEE H. L. Korap, “MULTIRANK COINTEGRATION ANALYSIS OF TURKISH M1 MONEY DEMAND (1987Q1-2006Q3)”, Istanbul University Econometrics and Statistics e-Journal, no. 6, pp. 1–28, September 2011.
ISNAD Korap, H. Levent. “MULTIRANK COINTEGRATION ANALYSIS OF TURKISH M1 MONEY DEMAND (1987Q1-2006Q3)”. Istanbul University Econometrics and Statistics e-Journal 6 (September 2011), 1-28.
JAMA Korap HL. MULTIRANK COINTEGRATION ANALYSIS OF TURKISH M1 MONEY DEMAND (1987Q1-2006Q3). Istanbul University Econometrics and Statistics e-Journal. 2011;:1–28.
MLA Korap, H. Levent. “MULTIRANK COINTEGRATION ANALYSIS OF TURKISH M1 MONEY DEMAND (1987Q1-2006Q3)”. Istanbul University Econometrics and Statistics E-Journal, no. 6, 2011, pp. 1-28.
Vancouver Korap HL. MULTIRANK COINTEGRATION ANALYSIS OF TURKISH M1 MONEY DEMAND (1987Q1-2006Q3). Istanbul University Econometrics and Statistics e-Journal. 2011(6):1-28.