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Dreamless Sleep as a Limit-Phenomenon

Year 2020, , 25 - 34, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.26650/arcp.805534

Abstract

This paper considers dreamless sleep as a phenomenon that remains at the margin of consciousness, as a limit-case (Limesfall) of experience, to use Edmund Husserl’s expression. From a phenomenological point of view, sleep forces us to go beneath the surface of the awakened experience that shapes our daily lives. Consciousness never disappears during sleep. An absolute sleep, death-like and fully devoid of awareness, is a theoretical fiction. The first section of this paper addresses the work of several philosophers who gave different accounts of dreamless sleep. Contrary to Immanuel Kant, John Locke believed that dreamless sleep is possible. However, unlike Locke who considered dreamless sleep as a mental state without consciousness, René Descartes, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and Husserl (for whom the third section is reserved) attributed sensibility to the sleeping mind and defended the thesis that consciousness never disappears during sleep. However, the main obstacle to taking into account the dim awareness pertaining to the sleeping mind is the belief that reflection provides consciousness. Every attempt to identify consciousness with reflection supports the claim that we are totally unconscious during sleep, as reflection is absent while we sleep, and reflection is an activity that requires us to be awake. Nevertheless, even when there is no reflection, an ongoing consciousness continues to function in the background. This dim, passive, and confused awareness is the precondition of waking up from sleep, which occurs owing to something affecting us so much so that it stands out, and it seems that this is the only way to wake up. 

References

  • Aristoteles, Ruh Üzerine, çev. Ömer Aygün & Y. Gurur Sev, İstanbul: Pinhan yayıncılık, 2018.
  • De Warren, Nicolas, “The Inner Night: Towards A Phenomenology of (Dreamless) Sleep”, On Time. New Contributions to the Husserlian Phenomenology of Time, ed. Dieter Lohmar &Ichiro Yamaguchi, Dordrecht: Springer, 2010, 273-294.
  • Descartes, René, Méditations métaphysiques. Objections et réponses suivies de quatres lettres, Paris: Flammarion, 1992.
  • Husserl, Edmund, Zur Phänomenologie der Intersubjektivität: Zweiter Teil: 1921-1928, ed. Iso Kern, Den Haag: Martinus Nijhoff, 1973.
  • Husserl, Edmund, Aktive Synthesen: Aus der Vorlesung „Transzendentale Logik“ 1920/21. Ergänzungsband zu „Analysen zur passiven Synthesis“, ed. Roland Breeur, Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2000.
  • Husserl, Edmund, Analysen zur passiven Synthesis. Aus Vorlesungs- und Forschungsmanuskripten (1918-1826), ed. Margot Fleischer, Den Haag: Martinus Nijhoff, 1966.
  • Husserl, Edmund, Die Lebenswelt. Auslegungen der vorgegebenen Welt und ihrer Konstitution. Texte aus dem Nachlass (1916-1937), ed. Rochus Sowa, Dordrecht: Springer, 2008.
  • Husserl, Edmund, Erfahrung und Urteil. Untersuchung zur Genealogie der Logik, ed. Ludwig Landgrebe, Hamburg: Claassen & Goverts, 1948.
  • Husserl, Edmund, Grenzprobleme der Phänomenologie. Analysen des Unbewusstseins und der Instinkte. Metaphysik. Späte Ethik. Texte Aus dem Nachtlass (1908-1937), Dordrecht: Springer, 2013. Husserl, Edmund, Ms. B II 2 (Yayımlanmamış elyazması)
  • Husserl, Edmund, Ms. F III 1 (Yayımlanmamış elyazması) Husserl, Edmund, Späte Texte über Zeitkonstitution (1929-1934): Die C-Manuskripte, ed. Dieter Lohmar, Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2006.
  • Jacobs, Hanne, “I Am Awake: Husserlian Reflections on Attention and Wakefulness”, Alter. Revue de phénoménologie, No: 18, 2010, 183-201.
  • Kant, Immanuel, Anthropologie in pragmatischer Hinsicht, Reclam, Stuttgart, 1983.
  • Leibniz, G.W., Nouveaux essais sur l’entendement humain, Flammarion, Paris, 1990.
  • Locke, John, An Essay concerning Human Understanding, ed. Roger Woolhouse, London: Penguin Books, 2004.
  • Linchoten, Jan, “On Falling Asleep”, Phenomenological Psychology. Dutch School, ed. J. Kockelmans, Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff, 1987, 79-118.
  • Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, Phénoménologie de la perception, Paris: Gallimard, 1945.
  • Zahavi, Dan, “Sleep, Self-awareness and Dissociation”, Alter. Revue de Phénoménologie, No:5, 1997, 137-151.

Sınır-Fenomen Olarak Rüyasız Uyku

Year 2020, , 25 - 34, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.26650/arcp.805534

Abstract

Bu yazı rüyasız uykuyu bilincin çeperinde kalan bir fenomen, Edmund Husserl’in deyimiyle deneyimin bir sınır-durumu (Limesfall) olarak ele almaktadır. Fenomenolojik açıdan, rüyasız uyku bize gündelik hayatımıza şekil veren olağan deneyimlere özgü uyanık bilinçliliğin ardına geçmeyi dayatır. Uyurken bilinç asla ortadan kalkmaz. Dolayısıyla ölümden farksız ve bilinçten tamamen yoksun mutlak bir uyku teorik bir kurgudan ibarettir. Yazının birinci bölümünde felsefe tarihi boyunca rüyasız uyku hakkında görüş ileri süren filozoflar üzerinde durulmaktadır. Immanuel Kant’ın tam aksine John Locke rüyasız bir uykuya imkân tanır. Fakat rüyasız uykuyu bilinçsiz bir zihin hali olarak kabul eden Locke’dan farklı olarak felsefede uyuyan zihne bir duyarlık atfeden René Descartes, G.W. Leibniz ve (başlı başına üçüncü bölümü kendisine ayırdığımız) Husserl gibi filozoflar bilincin uykuda hiçbir zaman tamamen ortadan kalkmayacağı tezini destekler. Ne var ki uykudaki zayıf bilinçliliği göz önünde bulundurmayı önleyen engellerin başında bilinci refleksiyonun bir başarısı olarak görmek gelir. Bilinci refleksiyona eşitleyen her yaklaşım uyurken tamamen bilinçsiz olduğumuz inancını destekleyecektir. Bunun sebebi uykuda refleksiyonun mevcut olmamasıdır. Oysa sadece uyanıkken mümkün olan refleksiyon faaliyeti ortadan kalktığında bile bulanık, edilgin ve cılız bir arka plan bilinci varlığına devam eder. Dahası, uyurken uyanabilmenin yegâne koşulu böylesi bir bulanık bilince zaten sahip olmamızdır. Uyanabilmek için bizi dışarıdan etkileyenin öne çıkıp bir fark yaratacak biçimde bilincinde olmak gerekir.

References

  • Aristoteles, Ruh Üzerine, çev. Ömer Aygün & Y. Gurur Sev, İstanbul: Pinhan yayıncılık, 2018.
  • De Warren, Nicolas, “The Inner Night: Towards A Phenomenology of (Dreamless) Sleep”, On Time. New Contributions to the Husserlian Phenomenology of Time, ed. Dieter Lohmar &Ichiro Yamaguchi, Dordrecht: Springer, 2010, 273-294.
  • Descartes, René, Méditations métaphysiques. Objections et réponses suivies de quatres lettres, Paris: Flammarion, 1992.
  • Husserl, Edmund, Zur Phänomenologie der Intersubjektivität: Zweiter Teil: 1921-1928, ed. Iso Kern, Den Haag: Martinus Nijhoff, 1973.
  • Husserl, Edmund, Aktive Synthesen: Aus der Vorlesung „Transzendentale Logik“ 1920/21. Ergänzungsband zu „Analysen zur passiven Synthesis“, ed. Roland Breeur, Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2000.
  • Husserl, Edmund, Analysen zur passiven Synthesis. Aus Vorlesungs- und Forschungsmanuskripten (1918-1826), ed. Margot Fleischer, Den Haag: Martinus Nijhoff, 1966.
  • Husserl, Edmund, Die Lebenswelt. Auslegungen der vorgegebenen Welt und ihrer Konstitution. Texte aus dem Nachlass (1916-1937), ed. Rochus Sowa, Dordrecht: Springer, 2008.
  • Husserl, Edmund, Erfahrung und Urteil. Untersuchung zur Genealogie der Logik, ed. Ludwig Landgrebe, Hamburg: Claassen & Goverts, 1948.
  • Husserl, Edmund, Grenzprobleme der Phänomenologie. Analysen des Unbewusstseins und der Instinkte. Metaphysik. Späte Ethik. Texte Aus dem Nachtlass (1908-1937), Dordrecht: Springer, 2013. Husserl, Edmund, Ms. B II 2 (Yayımlanmamış elyazması)
  • Husserl, Edmund, Ms. F III 1 (Yayımlanmamış elyazması) Husserl, Edmund, Späte Texte über Zeitkonstitution (1929-1934): Die C-Manuskripte, ed. Dieter Lohmar, Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2006.
  • Jacobs, Hanne, “I Am Awake: Husserlian Reflections on Attention and Wakefulness”, Alter. Revue de phénoménologie, No: 18, 2010, 183-201.
  • Kant, Immanuel, Anthropologie in pragmatischer Hinsicht, Reclam, Stuttgart, 1983.
  • Leibniz, G.W., Nouveaux essais sur l’entendement humain, Flammarion, Paris, 1990.
  • Locke, John, An Essay concerning Human Understanding, ed. Roger Woolhouse, London: Penguin Books, 2004.
  • Linchoten, Jan, “On Falling Asleep”, Phenomenological Psychology. Dutch School, ed. J. Kockelmans, Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff, 1987, 79-118.
  • Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, Phénoménologie de la perception, Paris: Gallimard, 1945.
  • Zahavi, Dan, “Sleep, Self-awareness and Dissociation”, Alter. Revue de Phénoménologie, No:5, 1997, 137-151.
There are 17 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Philosophy
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Çağlar Koç 0000-0002-6733-6620

Publication Date December 31, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020

Cite

Chicago Koç, Çağlar. “Sınır-Fenomen Olarak Rüyasız Uyku”. Felsefe Arkivi, no. 53 (December 2020): 25-34. https://doi.org/10.26650/arcp.805534.