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Ontology of Objects, Existential Assumptions and Free Logics

Year 2019, Issue: 51, 1 - 16, 31.12.2019

Abstract

In modern logic, each singular term must denote an object in the domain of quantification. This is due to the ontological assumptions of first order quantification logic with identity. However, this results in certain anomalies, i.e. expressibility and validity of inference problems. Free logic is a useful tool to analyze propositions and test the validity of arguments containing empty singular terms which have no referent in the domain of quantification. In this study, we will examine systematic definitions and extensional interpretations of free logics. One of the most promising future orientations of modern logic, free logic as a logic free of existential assumptions, does not take the concept of existence as a logical necessity. Instead, the fundamental assumption is that of ontological possibility, and hence it will be possible for propositions containing empty terms to have extensional interpretations.

References

  • Bencivenga, Ermanno. “Truth, Correspondence, and Non-Denoting Singular Terms.” Philosophia 9 (1980): 219-229.
  • Bencivenga, Ermanno. “Free Logics.” Handbook of Philosophical Logic. Derleyenler Dov Gabbay and F. Guenthner, 2. Edisyon, Cilt 5, 147–196. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2002.
  • Frege, Gottlob. “Function and Concept.” (1891) Translations from the Philosophical Writings of Gottlob Frege içinde. Çeviren Peter Geach. Derleyenler Peter Geach ve Max Black. Oxford: Blackwell, 1980.
  • Frege, Gottlob. “Function and Concept.” (1891) Translations from the Philosophical Writings of Gottlob Frege içinde. Çeviren Peter Geach. Derleyenler Peter Geach ve Max Black. Oxford: Blackwell, 1980.
  • Frege, Gottlob. “On Sense and Reference” (1892) The Frege Reader içinde. Derleyen Michael Beaney. Oxford: Blackwell, 1997,
  • Grünberg, Teo; Onart, Adnan; Grünberg David; Turan, Halil. Mantık Terimleri Sözlüğü, Genişletilmiş 3. Basım. Ankara: METU Press, 2003.
  • Grünberg, Teo. Sembolik Mantık El Kitabı Cilt 2: Özel Mantık Sistemleri. Ankara: METU Press, 2000. Grünberg, Teo. Sembolik Mantık El Kitabı Cilt 1: Temel Mantık. Ankara: ODTÜ G. v., 2017.
  • Haack, Susan, Philosophy of Logics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978.
  • Hintikka, Jaakko. “Towards a Theory of Definite Descriptions.” Analysis 19 (1959): 79–85.
  • Kalish, Donald; Montague, Richard; Mar, Gary. Logic: Techniques of Formal Reasoning, 2. Edisyon. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980.
  • Lambert, Karel. “The Definition of E! in Free Logic,” Abstracts: The International Congress for Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science içinde. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1960.
  • Lambert, Karel. “Free Logics.” The Blackwell Guide to Philosophical Logic. Derleyen Lou Goble, 258–279. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2001.
  • Lambert, Karel. Free Logic: Selected Essays. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
  • Leblanc, Hughes. “Truth Value Semantics for a Logic of Existence.” Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 12 (1981): 153–68.
  • Leonard, H. S. “The Logic of Existence.” Philosophical Studies 7 (1956): 49–64.
  • Morscher, Edgar ve Simons, Peter “Free Logic: A Fifty-Year Past and an Open future.” New Essays in Free Logic In Honour of Karel Lambert. Derleyen Morscher, Edgar; Hieke, Alexander, 1–36. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.
  • Nolt, John. “Free Logic.” The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (Sonbahar 2018 Edisyonu) https://plato. stanford.edu/archives/fall2018/entries/logic-free/. Erişim 12 Ekim 2019. Priest, Graham. An Introduction to Non-Classical Logic: From If to Is. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
  • Russell, Bertrand. The Principles of Mathematics. Oxford: Routledge, 1903[2010]. Soames, Scott. The Analytic Tradition in Philosophy, Volume 1: The Founding Giants. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2014.
  • Schock, Rolf. Logics without Existence Assumptions, Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell, 1968.
  • van Fraassen, Bas C. “Singular Terms, Truth Value Gaps and Free Logic,” Journal of Philosophy 63 (1966): 481–495.

Nesne Ontolojisi, Varlıksal Öndayanaklar ve Bağımsız Mantıklar

Year 2019, Issue: 51, 1 - 16, 31.12.2019

Abstract

Modern mantıkta nicelemenin yapıldığı değer kümesi içinde her tekil terimin bir nesneye gönderimde bulunması gerekir. Bu, yüklemler, niceleme ve özdeşlik mantığının temel öndayanağıdır. Fakat bu durum, ifade edilebilirlik problemlerine ve çıkarım düzen dışılıklarına neden olur. Bağımsız mantık dizgeleri, boş tekil terim olarak adlandırılan ve herhangi bir gerçek nesneye gönderimde bulunmayan terimlerin yer aldığı önermelerin geçtiği argümanların çözümlenmesi ve geçerliliğinin sınanması için oldukça faydalı bir araçtır. Bu çalışmada bağımsız mantıkların dizgesel tanımlarını ve kaplamsal yorumlamalarını ele alacağız. Modern mantığın bir yönelimi olarak varlıksal öndayanaklardan bağımsız mantık dizgeleri, varlık olma niteliğini salt mantıksal zorunluluk olarak ele almaz. Bunun yerine ontolojik bir olanaklılık olarak ele alarak boş terimlerin geçtiği önermelerin kaplamsal yorumlamalarını mümkün kılar.

References

  • Bencivenga, Ermanno. “Truth, Correspondence, and Non-Denoting Singular Terms.” Philosophia 9 (1980): 219-229.
  • Bencivenga, Ermanno. “Free Logics.” Handbook of Philosophical Logic. Derleyenler Dov Gabbay and F. Guenthner, 2. Edisyon, Cilt 5, 147–196. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2002.
  • Frege, Gottlob. “Function and Concept.” (1891) Translations from the Philosophical Writings of Gottlob Frege içinde. Çeviren Peter Geach. Derleyenler Peter Geach ve Max Black. Oxford: Blackwell, 1980.
  • Frege, Gottlob. “Function and Concept.” (1891) Translations from the Philosophical Writings of Gottlob Frege içinde. Çeviren Peter Geach. Derleyenler Peter Geach ve Max Black. Oxford: Blackwell, 1980.
  • Frege, Gottlob. “On Sense and Reference” (1892) The Frege Reader içinde. Derleyen Michael Beaney. Oxford: Blackwell, 1997,
  • Grünberg, Teo; Onart, Adnan; Grünberg David; Turan, Halil. Mantık Terimleri Sözlüğü, Genişletilmiş 3. Basım. Ankara: METU Press, 2003.
  • Grünberg, Teo. Sembolik Mantık El Kitabı Cilt 2: Özel Mantık Sistemleri. Ankara: METU Press, 2000. Grünberg, Teo. Sembolik Mantık El Kitabı Cilt 1: Temel Mantık. Ankara: ODTÜ G. v., 2017.
  • Haack, Susan, Philosophy of Logics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978.
  • Hintikka, Jaakko. “Towards a Theory of Definite Descriptions.” Analysis 19 (1959): 79–85.
  • Kalish, Donald; Montague, Richard; Mar, Gary. Logic: Techniques of Formal Reasoning, 2. Edisyon. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980.
  • Lambert, Karel. “The Definition of E! in Free Logic,” Abstracts: The International Congress for Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science içinde. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1960.
  • Lambert, Karel. “Free Logics.” The Blackwell Guide to Philosophical Logic. Derleyen Lou Goble, 258–279. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2001.
  • Lambert, Karel. Free Logic: Selected Essays. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
  • Leblanc, Hughes. “Truth Value Semantics for a Logic of Existence.” Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 12 (1981): 153–68.
  • Leonard, H. S. “The Logic of Existence.” Philosophical Studies 7 (1956): 49–64.
  • Morscher, Edgar ve Simons, Peter “Free Logic: A Fifty-Year Past and an Open future.” New Essays in Free Logic In Honour of Karel Lambert. Derleyen Morscher, Edgar; Hieke, Alexander, 1–36. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.
  • Nolt, John. “Free Logic.” The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (Sonbahar 2018 Edisyonu) https://plato. stanford.edu/archives/fall2018/entries/logic-free/. Erişim 12 Ekim 2019. Priest, Graham. An Introduction to Non-Classical Logic: From If to Is. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
  • Russell, Bertrand. The Principles of Mathematics. Oxford: Routledge, 1903[2010]. Soames, Scott. The Analytic Tradition in Philosophy, Volume 1: The Founding Giants. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2014.
  • Schock, Rolf. Logics without Existence Assumptions, Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell, 1968.
  • van Fraassen, Bas C. “Singular Terms, Truth Value Gaps and Free Logic,” Journal of Philosophy 63 (1966): 481–495.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Philosophy
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Oğuz Akçelik This is me 0000-0002-2617-395X

Publication Date December 31, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Issue: 51

Cite

Chicago Akçelik, Oğuz. “Nesne Ontolojisi, Varlıksal Öndayanaklar Ve Bağımsız Mantıklar”. Felsefe Arkivi, no. 51 (December 2019): 1-16.