Paul Ricœur ile Politik Paradoksları Düşünmek

Year 2025, Issue: 62, 176 - 192, 30.06.2025

Murat Ertan Kardeş

https://doi.org/10.26650/arcp.1634052

Abstract

Bu metin Paul Ricœur’ün ortaya koyduğu politik paradoksları inceleme amacını taşımaktadır. Fransız filozof politik paradokslar düşüncesini ilk olarak Budapeşte Olayı üzerine geliştirmiştir. Sonrası dönemde ise paradoksları etik, ahlak ve politika arasındaki kesişimi göstermek açısından değerlendirmiştir. Paradokslar ilk evrede politik kötülüğü ve devletin aşırı-politikleştirme düzeylerini dile getirmektedir. Son dönem metinlerinde ise mesele politik paradokstan, otoritenin, politik olanın, teolojik-politik olanın, tarihsel eylemin paradoksuna doğru genişlemiştir. Son kertede mesele, ahlaktan adil olana doğru evrilmektedir. Mevcut yazı sınırını adalet sorusunun açılması olarak belirlemiştir. Aynı şekilde yöntem olarak Ricœur’ün politik düşüncelerinin sistematik bir şekilde anlaşılmasından çok, düşüncelerini ürettiği paradoksların anlaşılması meselesi öne çıkarılmıştır. Böylelikle politik felsefenin, düşünme imkanını kendisini ancak paradokslarla ve aporialarla açtığı sonucuna ulaşılmaktadır. Ricœur, yataylık odaklı Aristoteles ve Rousseau gibi politik felsefeler ile dikeylik odaklı Platon ve Marx gibi politik felsefeler arasında bir tercih yapmak yerine ikisinin birlikte düşünülmesinin temel görev olduğu düşüncesindedir. Dikey ilişkinin aşırı politizasyonuna da yatay ilişkinin yurttaşlar alanını post-politikleştirmesine de karşı çıkmaktadır. Politik felsefe metin, olay, kavram döngüsünün ancak paradoksal bir biçimde kavranmasıyla eleştirellik görevini yerine getirebilir. Bu bağlamda bir politik felsefe metni, politik olayı yorumlarken kavramlarının yarattığı aşırı güvenceye dair daimî bir huzursuzluk hissetmelidir. Politik felsefenin olay karşısında tavrı ve görevi, olayı tüketilebilir bir nesneye dönüştürmek değil aksine olaydaki muammayı kavramaya dair çoğul dinamikleri yakalamaktır.

Keywords

Paul Ricœur, politik felsefe, politik paradokslar, politik kötülük, politik olan

Thinking Political Paradoxes with Paul Ricœur

Abstract

The aim of this article is to analyze the political paradoxes revealed by Paul Ricœur. The French philosopher develops the idea of political paradoxes for the first time over the Budapest Event. In what follows, he considers paradoxes as to showing the intersection between ethics, morality and politics. In the earliest phase, paradoxes express political evil and over-politicization of the state. As for his latest texts, the issue is expanded from the political paradox to the paradox of authority, the political, the theological-political and that of the historical act. Ultimately, it evolves from the moral to the just. The present article has set as its limit the opening of the question of justice. Likewise, as for its methodology, rather than a systematic understanding of his political thought, it puts forward understanding the paradoxes from which Ricœur’s political thought emerges. Thus, it is concluded that political philosophy opens itself to the possibility of thinking only through paradoxes and aporias. Ricœur thinks that instead of choosing between political philosophies such as horizontally-oriented Aristotle’s and Rousseau’s and vertically-oriented Plato’s and Marx’s, the main task is to think both together. He opposes both the over-politicization of the vertical relation and the post-politicizing effect of the horizontal relation on the sphere of citizens. Political philosophy can fulfill its critical task only through a paradoxical conceiving of the cycle of text, event and concept. In this context, a text on political philosophy must feel a constant anxiety about the overconfidence of its concepts in interpreting the political event. The attitude and task of political philosophy towards the event is not to transform the event into a consumable theoretical object, quite the opposite; it is to grasp the plural dynamics of the seizure of the enigma in the event.

Keywords

Paul Ricœur, political philosophy, political paradoxes, political evil, the political

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