Research Article
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Strigolactone and Auxin Applications on Cotyledon Senescence in Sunflower Seedlings under Salt Stress

Year 2022, , 190 - 196, 29.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2022.1187517

Abstract

Objective: Senescence is a programmed cell death process and is important in the growth, development and flowering process of the plant. Delaying senescence has a very important effect on agriculture in terms of product yield. Indole-3- acetic acid (IAA) and strigolactone (GR24) are growth regulators that affect plant development and senescence. Salt stress accelerates the senescence process. The aim of this study is to increase crop yield by delaying senescence by the application of auxin and GR24 under stress conditions, because the delay of senescence causes the prolongation of the vegetative process and the formation of more apical tips. In this case, the seedling produces more fruit. Materials and Methods: In this study, senescent cotyledons of sunflower seedlings were used as experimental material. Half of the developing sunflower seedlings were irrigated with Hoagland solution, and the other half was irrigated with 150 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. IAA and GR24 were applied by spraying on seedlings that are grown both in Hoagland solution and under salt stress. Results: The degree of senescence of the cotyledons of the plants was determined in terms of the percentage of green area. When the green area percentage of cotyledons of seedlings grown in Hoagland solution was 50, all cotyledons were harvested. After that, fresh weight, pigment contents, total protein, malondialdehyde, and proline levels, peroxidase enzyme activities of cotyledons were determined. The application of IAA and GR24 to the cotyledons of seedlings grown in the salt medium significantly delayed the senescence. Conclusion: This study was conducted in the plant growth chamber under controlled conditions. Results showed that the application of IAA and GR24 to leaves can ameliorate the adverse effects of salt stress and delay senescence due to the activation of chlorophyll components and modulation of photosynthesis as well as antioxidant defense capacity. The effect of IAA is more precise when all analyzes are considered. More importantly, showed that all findings (except MDA and Proline) IAA and GR24 promote senescence in Hoagland in this research. Delaying senescence contributes to basic science. It is desired to increase fruit and vegetable yield by delaying senescence. It is suggested that this information can be used practically in the field of agriculture. On the other hand in this study, we can say that IAA and relatively GR24 can play an important role in the protection of plants in agricultural areas in salt stress.

Supporting Institution

Research Fund of Istanbul University

Project Number

FYL-2017-25661

References

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  • 4. Have M, Marmagne A, Chardon F, Masclaux-Daubresse C. Nitrogen remobilization during leaf senescence. Lessons from Arabidopsis to crops. J Exp Bot 2017; 68: 2513-29. google scholar
  • 5. Huang P, Li Z, Guo H. New advances in the regulation of leaf senescence by classical and peptide hormones. Front Plant Sci (Sec. Plant Physiol) 2022; 13:1-17. google scholar
  • 6. Kohlen W, Charnikhova T, Liu Q, Bours R, Domagalska MA, Beguerie S, et al. Strigolactones are transported through the xylem and play a key role in shoot architectural response to phosphate deficiency in nonarbuscular mycorrhizal host Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 2011; 155(2): 974-87. google scholar
  • 7. Woo HR, Chung KM, Park JH, Oh SA, Ahn T, Hong SH, et al. ORE9, an F-box protein that regulates leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2001; 13:1779-90. google scholar
  • 8. Hamiaux C, Drummond RS, Janssen BJ, Ledger SE, Cooney JM, Newcomb RD, et al. DAD2 is an a/0 hydrolase likely to be involved in the perception of the plant branching hormone, strigolactone. Curr Biol 2012; 22(21): 2032-6. google scholar
  • 9. Tsuchiya Y, Vidaurre D, Toh S, Hanada A, Nambara E, Kamiya Y, et al. A small-molecule screen identifies new functions for the plant hormone strigolactone. Nat Chem Biol 2010; 6: 741-9. google scholar
  • 10. Ueda H, Kusaba M. Strigolactone regulates leaf senescence in concert with ethylene in Arabidopsis. Strigolactone and ethylene in leaf senescence. Plant Physiol 2015; 169: 138-47. google scholar
  • 11. Yamada Y, Umehara M. Possible roles of strigolactones during leaf senescence. Plants (Basel) 2015; 4(3): 664-77. google scholar
  • 12. Joshi N, Nautiyal P, Papnai G. Unravelling diverse roles of strigo-lactones in stimulating plant growth and alleviating various stress conditions: A review. J Pharmaco Phytochem 2019; 8(5): 396-04. google scholar
  • 13. Rhaman MS, Imran S, Rauf F, Khatun M, Baskin CC, Murata Y., et al. Seed priming with phytohormones: An effective approach for the mitigation of abiotic stress. Plants 2021; 10(37): 1-17. google scholar
  • 14. Thimann KV. Senescence in plants. Florida, USA: CRC Press; 2000. google scholar
  • 15. Hayward A, Stirnberg P, Beveridge C, Leyser O. Interactions between auxin and strigolactone in shoot branching control. Plant Physiol 2009; 151(1): 400-12. google scholar
  • 16. Johnson X, Brcich T, Dun EA, Goussot M, Haurogne K, Beveridge CA, et al. Branching genes are conserved across species: genes controlling a novel signal in pea are coregulated by other long-distance signals. Plant Physiol 2006; 142: 1014-26. google scholar
  • 17. Crawford S, Shinohara N, Sieberer T, Williamson L, George G, Hepworth J, et al. Strigolactones enhance competition between shoot branches by dampening auxin transport. Development 2010; 137: 2905-13. google scholar
  • 18. Domagalska MA, Leyser O. Signal integration in the control of shoot branching. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2011; 12: 211-21. google scholar
  • 19. Bouwmeester HJ, Matusova R, Zhongkui S. Beale MH. Secondary metabolite signalling in host-parasitic plant interactions. Curr Opin Plant Biol 2003; 6: 358-64. google scholar
  • 20. Lindoo SS, Nooden LD.The interrelation of fruit development and leaf senescence in anoka soybeans. Bot Gaz 1976; 137: 218-23. google scholar
  • 21. Parsons TR, Strickland JDH. Discussion of spectrophotometric determination of marine plant pigments, with revised equations for ascertaining chlorophylls and carotenoids. J Mar Res 1963; 21(3): 115-63. google scholar
  • 22. Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 1976; 72: 248-54. google scholar
  • 23. Birecka H, Briber KA, Catalfamo JL. Comparative studies on tobacco pith and sweet potato root isoperoxidases in relation to injury, in-doleacetic acid, and ethylene effects. Plant Physiol 1973; 52(1): 43-9. google scholar
  • 24. Heath RL, Packer L. Photoperoxidation in isolated: I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Arch Biochem Biophys 1968; 1: 189-98. google scholar
  • 25. Bates LS, Waldren R.P, Teare ID. Rapid determination of free proline for waterstress studies. Plant and Soil 1973; 39(1): 205-07. google scholar
  • 26. Hou K, Wu W, Gan SS. SAUR36, a small auxin up RNA gene, is involved in the promotion of leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 2013; 16(2): 1002-09. google scholar
  • 27. Mueller-Roeber B, Balazadeh S. 2014. Auxin and Its Role in Plant Senescence. J Plant Growth Regul 2014; 33(1): 21-33. google scholar
  • 28. Noh Y, Amasino R. Identification of a promoter region responsible for the senescence specific expression of SAG12. Plant Mol Biol 1999; 41: 181-94. google scholar
  • 29. Skoog F. Relationships between zinc and auxin in the growth of higher plants. Am J Bot 1940; 27: 939-51. google scholar
  • 30. Takaki H, Kushizaki M. Accumulation of free triptophan and trip-tamine in zinc deficient maize seedlings. Plant Cell Physiol 1970; 11: 793-04. google scholar
  • 31. Saglam-Cag S, Okatan Y. The effects of zinc (Zn) and C14- in-doleacetic acid (IAA) on leaf senescence in Helianthus annuus L. Int J Plant Physiol Biochem 2014; 6: 28-33. google scholar
  • 32. Khan M, Rozhon W, Poppenberger B. The role of hormones in the aging ofplants-A mini-review. Gerontology 2014; 60:49-55. google scholar
  • 33. Barna B. Manipulation of senescence of plants to improve biotic stress resistance. Life 2022; 12:1496. doi.org/10.3390/life12101496. google scholar
  • 34. Hu Q, Ding F, Li M, Zhang X, Huang B. Strigolactone ethylene inhibitor suppressing dark-induced leaf senescence in perennial ryegrass involving transcriptional downregulation of chlorophyll degradation. J Amer Soc Hort Sci 2021; 146(2): 79-86. google scholar
  • 35. Takahashi I, Jiang K, Asami T. Counteractive effects of sugar and strigolactone on leaf senescence of rice in darkness. Agronomy 2021; 1044: 1-11. google scholar
  • 36. Kishor, PBK, Sreenivasulu N. Is proline accumulation per se correlated with stress tolerance or is proline homeostasis a more critical issue? Plant Cell Environ 2014; 37: 300-11. google scholar
  • 37. Ayaz M, Varol N, Yolcu S, Pelvan A, Kaya U, Aydogdu E. Three (Turkish) olive cultivars display contrasting salt stress-coping mechanisms under high salinity. Trees 2021; 35: 1283- 98. google scholar
  • 38. Iqbal N, Umar S, Khan NA, Khan MIR. A new perspective of phytohormones in salinity tolerance: Regulation of proline metabolism. Environ Exp Bot 2014; 100:34-42. google scholar
  • 39. Kirecci OA. The effects of salt stress, SNP, ABA, IAA and GA applications on antioxidant enzyme activities in Helianthus annuus L. Fresen Environ Bull 2018; 27: 3783-8. google scholar
  • 40. Javid MG, Sorooshzadeh A, Moradi F, Sanavy SAMM, Allahdadi I. The role of phytohormones in alleviating salt stress in crop plants. Aust J Crop Sci 2011; 5: 726-34. google scholar
  • 41. Mina Z, Li R, Chen L, Zhang Y, Li Z, Liu M, et al. Alleviation of drought stress in grapevine by foliar-applied strigolactones. Plant Physiol Bioch 2019; 135: 99-110. google scholar
  • 42. Lu T, Yu H, Li Q, Chai L, Jiang W. Improving plant growth and alleviating photosynthetic inhibition and oxidative stress from low-light stress with exogenous GR24 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10: 1-13. google scholar
  • 43. Shi H, Chen L, Ye T, Liu X, Ding K, Chan Z. Modulation of auxin content in Arabidopsis confers improved drought stress resistance. Plant Physiol Bioch 2014; 82: 209-17. google scholar
  • 44. Lutts S, Kinet JM, Bouharmont J. NaCl induced senesence in leaves of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars differing in salinity resistance. Ann Bot 1996; 78: 389-98. google scholar
  • 45. Baran A, Dogan M. Tuz Stresi uygulanan soyada (Glycine max L.) salisilik asidin fizyolojik etkisi. J Nat App Sci 2014; 18(1): 78-4. google scholar
  • 46. Dogan M, Tıpırdamaz R, Demir Y. Effective salt criteria in callus-cultured tomato genotypes. J Bioscience 2010; 65: 613-8. google scholar
  • 47. Ali B, Hayat S, Fariduddin Q, Ahmad A. 24-Epibrassinolide protects against the stress generated by salinity and nickel in Brassica juncea. Chemosphere 2008; 72(9): 1387-92. google scholar
  • 48. Hayat S, Maheshwari P, Wani AS, Irfan M, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad A. Comparative effect of 28 homobrassinolide and salicylic acid in the amelioration of NaCl stress in Brassica juncea L. Plant Physiol Biochem 2012; 53: 61-8. google scholar
  • 49. Sharma P, Jha AB, Dubey RS, Pessarakli M. Reactive oxygen species, oxidative damage, and antioxidative defense mechanism in plants under stressful conditions. J Bot 2012; 2012: 1-26. google scholar
  • 50. Chawla S, Jain S, Jain V. Salinity induced oxidative stress and antioxidant system in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.). J Plant Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 22: 27-4. google scholar
  • 51. Cetin ES, Canbay HS, Daler S. The roles of strigolactones: Mineral compounds, indole-3 acetic acid and GA3 content in grapevine on drought stress. J Plant Stress Physiol 2022; 8: 1-7. google scholar
  • 52. Agusti J, Herold S, Schwarz M, Sanchez P, Ljung K, Dun EA. Strigolac-tone signaling is required for auxin-dependent stimulation of secondary growth in plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2011; 50(108): 20242-7. google scholar
  • 53. Jones AM, Lamerson P, Venis MA. Comparison of site I auxin-binding and a 22-kilodalton auxin-binding protein maize. Planta 1989; 179: 409-13. google scholar
  • 54. Jones AM. Auxin binding proteins. Ann Rew Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 1994; 45: 393-20. google scholar
Year 2022, , 190 - 196, 29.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2022.1187517

Abstract

Project Number

FYL-2017-25661

References

  • 1. Shao HB, Chu LY, Jaleel CA, Zhao CX. Water-deficit stress-induced anatomical changes in higher plants. C R Biol 2008; 331(3): 215-25. google scholar
  • 2. Larcher W. Physiological Plant Ecology. New York: Published by Springer, ISBN 0-387-09795-3, 1995.p.506. google scholar
  • 3. Guo Y, Ren G, Zhang K, Li Z, Miao Y, Guo H. Leaf senescence: progression, regulation, and application. Mol Horticult 2021; 1:1-25. google scholar
  • 4. Have M, Marmagne A, Chardon F, Masclaux-Daubresse C. Nitrogen remobilization during leaf senescence. Lessons from Arabidopsis to crops. J Exp Bot 2017; 68: 2513-29. google scholar
  • 5. Huang P, Li Z, Guo H. New advances in the regulation of leaf senescence by classical and peptide hormones. Front Plant Sci (Sec. Plant Physiol) 2022; 13:1-17. google scholar
  • 6. Kohlen W, Charnikhova T, Liu Q, Bours R, Domagalska MA, Beguerie S, et al. Strigolactones are transported through the xylem and play a key role in shoot architectural response to phosphate deficiency in nonarbuscular mycorrhizal host Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 2011; 155(2): 974-87. google scholar
  • 7. Woo HR, Chung KM, Park JH, Oh SA, Ahn T, Hong SH, et al. ORE9, an F-box protein that regulates leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2001; 13:1779-90. google scholar
  • 8. Hamiaux C, Drummond RS, Janssen BJ, Ledger SE, Cooney JM, Newcomb RD, et al. DAD2 is an a/0 hydrolase likely to be involved in the perception of the plant branching hormone, strigolactone. Curr Biol 2012; 22(21): 2032-6. google scholar
  • 9. Tsuchiya Y, Vidaurre D, Toh S, Hanada A, Nambara E, Kamiya Y, et al. A small-molecule screen identifies new functions for the plant hormone strigolactone. Nat Chem Biol 2010; 6: 741-9. google scholar
  • 10. Ueda H, Kusaba M. Strigolactone regulates leaf senescence in concert with ethylene in Arabidopsis. Strigolactone and ethylene in leaf senescence. Plant Physiol 2015; 169: 138-47. google scholar
  • 11. Yamada Y, Umehara M. Possible roles of strigolactones during leaf senescence. Plants (Basel) 2015; 4(3): 664-77. google scholar
  • 12. Joshi N, Nautiyal P, Papnai G. Unravelling diverse roles of strigo-lactones in stimulating plant growth and alleviating various stress conditions: A review. J Pharmaco Phytochem 2019; 8(5): 396-04. google scholar
  • 13. Rhaman MS, Imran S, Rauf F, Khatun M, Baskin CC, Murata Y., et al. Seed priming with phytohormones: An effective approach for the mitigation of abiotic stress. Plants 2021; 10(37): 1-17. google scholar
  • 14. Thimann KV. Senescence in plants. Florida, USA: CRC Press; 2000. google scholar
  • 15. Hayward A, Stirnberg P, Beveridge C, Leyser O. Interactions between auxin and strigolactone in shoot branching control. Plant Physiol 2009; 151(1): 400-12. google scholar
  • 16. Johnson X, Brcich T, Dun EA, Goussot M, Haurogne K, Beveridge CA, et al. Branching genes are conserved across species: genes controlling a novel signal in pea are coregulated by other long-distance signals. Plant Physiol 2006; 142: 1014-26. google scholar
  • 17. Crawford S, Shinohara N, Sieberer T, Williamson L, George G, Hepworth J, et al. Strigolactones enhance competition between shoot branches by dampening auxin transport. Development 2010; 137: 2905-13. google scholar
  • 18. Domagalska MA, Leyser O. Signal integration in the control of shoot branching. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2011; 12: 211-21. google scholar
  • 19. Bouwmeester HJ, Matusova R, Zhongkui S. Beale MH. Secondary metabolite signalling in host-parasitic plant interactions. Curr Opin Plant Biol 2003; 6: 358-64. google scholar
  • 20. Lindoo SS, Nooden LD.The interrelation of fruit development and leaf senescence in anoka soybeans. Bot Gaz 1976; 137: 218-23. google scholar
  • 21. Parsons TR, Strickland JDH. Discussion of spectrophotometric determination of marine plant pigments, with revised equations for ascertaining chlorophylls and carotenoids. J Mar Res 1963; 21(3): 115-63. google scholar
  • 22. Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 1976; 72: 248-54. google scholar
  • 23. Birecka H, Briber KA, Catalfamo JL. Comparative studies on tobacco pith and sweet potato root isoperoxidases in relation to injury, in-doleacetic acid, and ethylene effects. Plant Physiol 1973; 52(1): 43-9. google scholar
  • 24. Heath RL, Packer L. Photoperoxidation in isolated: I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Arch Biochem Biophys 1968; 1: 189-98. google scholar
  • 25. Bates LS, Waldren R.P, Teare ID. Rapid determination of free proline for waterstress studies. Plant and Soil 1973; 39(1): 205-07. google scholar
  • 26. Hou K, Wu W, Gan SS. SAUR36, a small auxin up RNA gene, is involved in the promotion of leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 2013; 16(2): 1002-09. google scholar
  • 27. Mueller-Roeber B, Balazadeh S. 2014. Auxin and Its Role in Plant Senescence. J Plant Growth Regul 2014; 33(1): 21-33. google scholar
  • 28. Noh Y, Amasino R. Identification of a promoter region responsible for the senescence specific expression of SAG12. Plant Mol Biol 1999; 41: 181-94. google scholar
  • 29. Skoog F. Relationships between zinc and auxin in the growth of higher plants. Am J Bot 1940; 27: 939-51. google scholar
  • 30. Takaki H, Kushizaki M. Accumulation of free triptophan and trip-tamine in zinc deficient maize seedlings. Plant Cell Physiol 1970; 11: 793-04. google scholar
  • 31. Saglam-Cag S, Okatan Y. The effects of zinc (Zn) and C14- in-doleacetic acid (IAA) on leaf senescence in Helianthus annuus L. Int J Plant Physiol Biochem 2014; 6: 28-33. google scholar
  • 32. Khan M, Rozhon W, Poppenberger B. The role of hormones in the aging ofplants-A mini-review. Gerontology 2014; 60:49-55. google scholar
  • 33. Barna B. Manipulation of senescence of plants to improve biotic stress resistance. Life 2022; 12:1496. doi.org/10.3390/life12101496. google scholar
  • 34. Hu Q, Ding F, Li M, Zhang X, Huang B. Strigolactone ethylene inhibitor suppressing dark-induced leaf senescence in perennial ryegrass involving transcriptional downregulation of chlorophyll degradation. J Amer Soc Hort Sci 2021; 146(2): 79-86. google scholar
  • 35. Takahashi I, Jiang K, Asami T. Counteractive effects of sugar and strigolactone on leaf senescence of rice in darkness. Agronomy 2021; 1044: 1-11. google scholar
  • 36. Kishor, PBK, Sreenivasulu N. Is proline accumulation per se correlated with stress tolerance or is proline homeostasis a more critical issue? Plant Cell Environ 2014; 37: 300-11. google scholar
  • 37. Ayaz M, Varol N, Yolcu S, Pelvan A, Kaya U, Aydogdu E. Three (Turkish) olive cultivars display contrasting salt stress-coping mechanisms under high salinity. Trees 2021; 35: 1283- 98. google scholar
  • 38. Iqbal N, Umar S, Khan NA, Khan MIR. A new perspective of phytohormones in salinity tolerance: Regulation of proline metabolism. Environ Exp Bot 2014; 100:34-42. google scholar
  • 39. Kirecci OA. The effects of salt stress, SNP, ABA, IAA and GA applications on antioxidant enzyme activities in Helianthus annuus L. Fresen Environ Bull 2018; 27: 3783-8. google scholar
  • 40. Javid MG, Sorooshzadeh A, Moradi F, Sanavy SAMM, Allahdadi I. The role of phytohormones in alleviating salt stress in crop plants. Aust J Crop Sci 2011; 5: 726-34. google scholar
  • 41. Mina Z, Li R, Chen L, Zhang Y, Li Z, Liu M, et al. Alleviation of drought stress in grapevine by foliar-applied strigolactones. Plant Physiol Bioch 2019; 135: 99-110. google scholar
  • 42. Lu T, Yu H, Li Q, Chai L, Jiang W. Improving plant growth and alleviating photosynthetic inhibition and oxidative stress from low-light stress with exogenous GR24 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10: 1-13. google scholar
  • 43. Shi H, Chen L, Ye T, Liu X, Ding K, Chan Z. Modulation of auxin content in Arabidopsis confers improved drought stress resistance. Plant Physiol Bioch 2014; 82: 209-17. google scholar
  • 44. Lutts S, Kinet JM, Bouharmont J. NaCl induced senesence in leaves of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars differing in salinity resistance. Ann Bot 1996; 78: 389-98. google scholar
  • 45. Baran A, Dogan M. Tuz Stresi uygulanan soyada (Glycine max L.) salisilik asidin fizyolojik etkisi. J Nat App Sci 2014; 18(1): 78-4. google scholar
  • 46. Dogan M, Tıpırdamaz R, Demir Y. Effective salt criteria in callus-cultured tomato genotypes. J Bioscience 2010; 65: 613-8. google scholar
  • 47. Ali B, Hayat S, Fariduddin Q, Ahmad A. 24-Epibrassinolide protects against the stress generated by salinity and nickel in Brassica juncea. Chemosphere 2008; 72(9): 1387-92. google scholar
  • 48. Hayat S, Maheshwari P, Wani AS, Irfan M, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad A. Comparative effect of 28 homobrassinolide and salicylic acid in the amelioration of NaCl stress in Brassica juncea L. Plant Physiol Biochem 2012; 53: 61-8. google scholar
  • 49. Sharma P, Jha AB, Dubey RS, Pessarakli M. Reactive oxygen species, oxidative damage, and antioxidative defense mechanism in plants under stressful conditions. J Bot 2012; 2012: 1-26. google scholar
  • 50. Chawla S, Jain S, Jain V. Salinity induced oxidative stress and antioxidant system in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.). J Plant Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 22: 27-4. google scholar
  • 51. Cetin ES, Canbay HS, Daler S. The roles of strigolactones: Mineral compounds, indole-3 acetic acid and GA3 content in grapevine on drought stress. J Plant Stress Physiol 2022; 8: 1-7. google scholar
  • 52. Agusti J, Herold S, Schwarz M, Sanchez P, Ljung K, Dun EA. Strigolac-tone signaling is required for auxin-dependent stimulation of secondary growth in plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2011; 50(108): 20242-7. google scholar
  • 53. Jones AM, Lamerson P, Venis MA. Comparison of site I auxin-binding and a 22-kilodalton auxin-binding protein maize. Planta 1989; 179: 409-13. google scholar
  • 54. Jones AM. Auxin binding proteins. Ann Rew Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 1994; 45: 393-20. google scholar
There are 54 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Hümeyra Özel 0000-0003-0941-8529

Serap Sağlam 0000-0002-4245-8031

Project Number FYL-2017-25661
Publication Date December 29, 2022
Submission Date October 11, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

AMA Özel H, Sağlam S. Strigolactone and Auxin Applications on Cotyledon Senescence in Sunflower Seedlings under Salt Stress. Eur J Biol. December 2022;81(2):190-196. doi:10.26650/EurJBiol.2022.1187517