Research Article
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Stevioside Improves Brain Oxidant-Antioxidant Status in Overfed Zebrafish

Year 2023, , 258 - 262, 21.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2023.1301847

Abstract

Objective: An excessive buildup of adipose tissue is a defining feature of overnutrition, and a significant fraction of the world’s population suffers from obesity. Overnutrition is associated with the deterioration of mitochondrial functions in the brain in the case of obesity. In this study, we evaluated the effects of stevioside (ST) which is a calorie-free, naturally occurring herbal sweetener made from Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) on the oxidant-antioxidant balance in the brain in cases of overnutrition. Accordingly, the effects of ST consumption on the oxidant-antioxidant balance in the brain was evaluated and determined in a case study of overfeeding adult zebrafish for 15 days.

Materials and Methods: Zebrafish were placed in four groups; the control group (C); overfed group (OF); low-dose (1mg/L) ST treated OF group (OF+LDS); and the high-dose ST (5mg/L) treated OF group (OF+HDS). The levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) were evaluated together with nitric oxide (NO) to determine the oxidant status. The antioxidant status from the activities of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were determined in brain tissues.

Results: The ST treatment decreased the increased LPO and NO levels in overfed zebrafish and increased SOD and GST activities in a dose-dependent manner.

Conclusion: ST exerted an antioxidant effect on the possible damage mechanisms that could occur in the brain in case of overnutrition by decreasing oxidative stress and improving the antioxidant enzyme activities.

Supporting Institution

Marmara University Scientific Research Projects Commission

Project Number

Grant number: SAG-C-YLP-100719-0263

References

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  • Matikainen-Ankney BA, Kravitz AV. Persistent effects of obesity: A neuroplasticity hypothesis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2018;1428:221-239. google scholar
  • Livingston G, Huntley J, Sommerlad A, et al. Dementia preven-tion, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commis-sion. Lancet. 2020;396:413-446. google scholar
  • Labban RSM, Alfawaz H, Almnaizel AT, et al. High-fat diet-induced obesity and impairment of brain neurotransmitter pool. Transl Neurosci. 2020; 1:11(1):147-160. google scholar
  • Pang MD, Goossens GH, Blaak EE. The impact of artificial sweet-eners on body weight control and glucose homeostasis. Front Nutr. 2021;7:598340. doi:10.3389/fnut.2020.598340 google scholar
  • Gardana C, Simonetti P, Canzi E, Zanchi R, Pietta P. Metabolims of stevioside and rebaudioside: A from Stevia rebaudiana extracts by human microflora. J Agric Food Chem. 2003;51:6618-6622. google scholar
  • Goyal SK, Samsher, Goyal RK. Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) a bio-sweetener: A review. IntJ Food Sci Nutr. 2010;61(1):1-10. google scholar
  • Dandin E, Üstündağ ÜV, Ünal İ, et al. Stevioside ameliorates hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance, in a diet-induced obese zebrafish model, through epigenetic, oxidative stress and inflam-matory regulation. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2022;16(1):23-29. google scholar
  • Zang L, Shimada Y, Nishimura N. Development of a novel ze-brafish model for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep. 2017;7:1461. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-01432-w google scholar
  • 1Chang JC,Wu MC, Liu IM,Cheng JT. Increase of insulin sensi-tivity by stevioside in fructose-rich chow-fed rats. Horm Metab Res. 2005;37(10):610-616. google scholar
  • Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, et al. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951;193:265-275. google scholar
  • Ayala A, Munoz MF, Argüelles S. Lipid peroxidation: Produc-tion, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. Oxid Med Cell. Longev 2014;360438. doi:10.1155/2014/360438 google scholar
  • Yagi K. Assay for blood plasma or serum. Methods Enzymol. 1981;105:328-337. google scholar
  • Lubos E, Handy DE, Loscalzo J. Role of oxidative stress and nitric oxide in atherothrombosis. Front Biosci. 2008;1:13:5323-5344. google scholar
  • Miranda KM, Espey MG, Wink DA. A rapid, simple spectropho-tometric method for simultaneous detection of nitrate and nitrite. Nitric Oxide. 2001;5(1):62-71. google scholar
  • Mylorie AA, Collins H, Umbles C, Kyle J. Erythrocyte SOD activity and other parameters of copper status in rats ingesting lead acetate. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1986;82:512-520. google scholar
  • Habig WH, Jacoby WB. Assays for differentiation of glutathione-S-transferases. J Biol Chem. 1974;249(22):7130-7139. google scholar
  • Manna P, Jain SK. Obesity, Oxidative Stress, Adipose Tissue Dys-function, and the Associated Health Risks: Causes and Therapeu-tic Strategies. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2015;13(10):423-44. google scholar
  • Savini I, Catani MV, Evangelista D, et al. Obesity-associated oxidative stress: Strategies finalized to improve redox state. Int J Mol Sci. 2013;14:10497-10538. google scholar
  • Saeed SA, Shad KF, Saleem T, Javed F, Khan MU. Some New Prospects in the Understanding of the Molecular Basis of the Pathogenesis of Stroke. Exp Brain Res. 2007;182:1-10. google scholar
  • Vincent HK, Taylor AG. Biomarkers and potential mechanisms of obesity-induced oxidant stress in humans. Int J Obes (Lond). 2006;30:400-418. google scholar
  • Shirley R, Ord E, Work L. Oxidative stress and the use of antiox-idants in stroke. Antioxidants. 2014;3:472-501. google scholar
  • Sofi F, Abbate R, Gensini GF, et al. Accruing evidence on benefits of adherence to the Mediterranean diet on health: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;92:1189-1196. google scholar
  • de Paula GC, Brunetta HS, Engel DF, et al. Hippocampal function is impaired by a short-term high-fat diet in mice: Increased blood-brain barrier permeability and neuroinflam-mation as triggering events. Front Neurosci. 2021;15:734158. doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.734158 google scholar
  • Ghosh Dastidar S, Jagatheesan G, Haberzettl P, Shah J, Hill BG, Bhatnagar A, Conklin DJ. Glutathione S-transferase P defi-ciency induces glucose intolerance via JNK-dependent enhance-ment of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2018;1:315(5):E1005-E1018. google scholar
  • Schmitt LO, Gaspar JM. Obesity-induced brain neuroinflamma-tory and mitochondrial changes. Metabolites. 2023;5:13(1):86. doi:10.3390/metabo13010086 google scholar
  • Ghanta S, Banerjee A, Poddar A, Chattopadhyay S. Oxida-tive DNA damage preventive activity and antioxidant potential of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni, a natural sweetener. J Agric Food Chem. 2007;26:55(26):10962-10967. google scholar Del Rosario A, McDermott MM, Panee J. Effects of a high-fat diet and bamboo extract supplement on anxiety- and depression-like neurobehaviors in mice. Br J Nutr. 2012;108(7):1143-1149. google scholar
Year 2023, , 258 - 262, 21.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2023.1301847

Abstract

Project Number

Grant number: SAG-C-YLP-100719-0263

References

  • Blüher M. Obesity: Global epidemiology and pathogenesis. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2019;15:288-298. google scholar
  • Matikainen-Ankney BA, Kravitz AV. Persistent effects of obesity: A neuroplasticity hypothesis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2018;1428:221-239. google scholar
  • Livingston G, Huntley J, Sommerlad A, et al. Dementia preven-tion, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commis-sion. Lancet. 2020;396:413-446. google scholar
  • Labban RSM, Alfawaz H, Almnaizel AT, et al. High-fat diet-induced obesity and impairment of brain neurotransmitter pool. Transl Neurosci. 2020; 1:11(1):147-160. google scholar
  • Pang MD, Goossens GH, Blaak EE. The impact of artificial sweet-eners on body weight control and glucose homeostasis. Front Nutr. 2021;7:598340. doi:10.3389/fnut.2020.598340 google scholar
  • Gardana C, Simonetti P, Canzi E, Zanchi R, Pietta P. Metabolims of stevioside and rebaudioside: A from Stevia rebaudiana extracts by human microflora. J Agric Food Chem. 2003;51:6618-6622. google scholar
  • Goyal SK, Samsher, Goyal RK. Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) a bio-sweetener: A review. IntJ Food Sci Nutr. 2010;61(1):1-10. google scholar
  • Dandin E, Üstündağ ÜV, Ünal İ, et al. Stevioside ameliorates hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance, in a diet-induced obese zebrafish model, through epigenetic, oxidative stress and inflam-matory regulation. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2022;16(1):23-29. google scholar
  • Zang L, Shimada Y, Nishimura N. Development of a novel ze-brafish model for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep. 2017;7:1461. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-01432-w google scholar
  • 1Chang JC,Wu MC, Liu IM,Cheng JT. Increase of insulin sensi-tivity by stevioside in fructose-rich chow-fed rats. Horm Metab Res. 2005;37(10):610-616. google scholar
  • Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, et al. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951;193:265-275. google scholar
  • Ayala A, Munoz MF, Argüelles S. Lipid peroxidation: Produc-tion, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. Oxid Med Cell. Longev 2014;360438. doi:10.1155/2014/360438 google scholar
  • Yagi K. Assay for blood plasma or serum. Methods Enzymol. 1981;105:328-337. google scholar
  • Lubos E, Handy DE, Loscalzo J. Role of oxidative stress and nitric oxide in atherothrombosis. Front Biosci. 2008;1:13:5323-5344. google scholar
  • Miranda KM, Espey MG, Wink DA. A rapid, simple spectropho-tometric method for simultaneous detection of nitrate and nitrite. Nitric Oxide. 2001;5(1):62-71. google scholar
  • Mylorie AA, Collins H, Umbles C, Kyle J. Erythrocyte SOD activity and other parameters of copper status in rats ingesting lead acetate. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1986;82:512-520. google scholar
  • Habig WH, Jacoby WB. Assays for differentiation of glutathione-S-transferases. J Biol Chem. 1974;249(22):7130-7139. google scholar
  • Manna P, Jain SK. Obesity, Oxidative Stress, Adipose Tissue Dys-function, and the Associated Health Risks: Causes and Therapeu-tic Strategies. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2015;13(10):423-44. google scholar
  • Savini I, Catani MV, Evangelista D, et al. Obesity-associated oxidative stress: Strategies finalized to improve redox state. Int J Mol Sci. 2013;14:10497-10538. google scholar
  • Saeed SA, Shad KF, Saleem T, Javed F, Khan MU. Some New Prospects in the Understanding of the Molecular Basis of the Pathogenesis of Stroke. Exp Brain Res. 2007;182:1-10. google scholar
  • Vincent HK, Taylor AG. Biomarkers and potential mechanisms of obesity-induced oxidant stress in humans. Int J Obes (Lond). 2006;30:400-418. google scholar
  • Shirley R, Ord E, Work L. Oxidative stress and the use of antiox-idants in stroke. Antioxidants. 2014;3:472-501. google scholar
  • Sofi F, Abbate R, Gensini GF, et al. Accruing evidence on benefits of adherence to the Mediterranean diet on health: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;92:1189-1196. google scholar
  • de Paula GC, Brunetta HS, Engel DF, et al. Hippocampal function is impaired by a short-term high-fat diet in mice: Increased blood-brain barrier permeability and neuroinflam-mation as triggering events. Front Neurosci. 2021;15:734158. doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.734158 google scholar
  • Ghosh Dastidar S, Jagatheesan G, Haberzettl P, Shah J, Hill BG, Bhatnagar A, Conklin DJ. Glutathione S-transferase P defi-ciency induces glucose intolerance via JNK-dependent enhance-ment of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2018;1:315(5):E1005-E1018. google scholar
  • Schmitt LO, Gaspar JM. Obesity-induced brain neuroinflamma-tory and mitochondrial changes. Metabolites. 2023;5:13(1):86. doi:10.3390/metabo13010086 google scholar
  • Ghanta S, Banerjee A, Poddar A, Chattopadhyay S. Oxida-tive DNA damage preventive activity and antioxidant potential of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni, a natural sweetener. J Agric Food Chem. 2007;26:55(26):10962-10967. google scholar Del Rosario A, McDermott MM, Panee J. Effects of a high-fat diet and bamboo extract supplement on anxiety- and depression-like neurobehaviors in mice. Br J Nutr. 2012;108(7):1143-1149. google scholar
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Plant Cell and Molecular Biology, Animal Cell and Molecular Biology
Journal Section Themed Articles - Research Articles
Authors

Esra Dandin This is me 0000-0003-1096-1553

İsmail Ünal This is me 0000-0002-8664-3298

Merih Beler This is me 0000-0002-3828-4630

Ünsal Veli Üstündağ This is me 0000-0003-0804-1475

Derya Cansız This is me 0000-0002-6274-801X

Perihan Seda Ateş Kalkan This is me 0000-0002-4905-1912

Ebru Emekli Alturfan 0000-0003-2419-8587

Project Number Grant number: SAG-C-YLP-100719-0263
Publication Date December 21, 2023
Submission Date May 24, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

AMA Dandin E, Ünal İ, Beler M, Üstündağ ÜV, Cansız D, Ateş Kalkan PS, Emekli Alturfan E. Stevioside Improves Brain Oxidant-Antioxidant Status in Overfed Zebrafish. Eur J Biol. December 2023;82(2):258-262. doi:10.26650/EurJBiol.2023.1301847