Research Article
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Year 2017, Volume: 76 Issue: 2, 69 - 73, 27.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.5152/EurJBiol.2017.1712

Abstract

References

  • 1. Weinberg BA, Bealer BK. The world of caffeine: the science and culture of the world’s most popular drug. Psychology Press, 2001. 2. Walton C, Kalmar J, Cafarelli E. Caffeine increases spinal excitability in humans. Muscle Nerve 2003; 28(3): 359-64. 3. Umemura T, Ueda K, Nishioka K, Hidaka T, Takemoto H, Nakamura S, Jitsuiki D, et al. Effects of acute administration of caffeine on vascular function. Am J Cardiol 2006; 98: 1538-41. 4. Spriet LL, MacLean DA, Dyck DJ, Hultman E, Cederblad G, Graham TE. Caffeine ingestion and muscle metabolism during prolonged exercise in humans. Am J Physiol 1992; 262: E891-8. 5. Southward K. Effect of caffeine ingestion on aspects of endurance performance and cognition in CYP1A2 hetrozygous A/C male recreational athletes: a thesis presented in partial fulfilment for the requirements of a Master of Science in Sport and Exercise Science at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand (Doctoral dissertation, Massey University), 2016. 6. Pickering C, Kiely J. Are the current guidelines on caffeine use in sport optimal for everyone? Inter-individual variation in caffeine ergogenicity, and a move towards personalised sports nutrition. Sports Med 2018; 48: 7-16. 7. Nelson DR, Koymans L, Kamataki T, Stegeman JJ, Feyereisen R, Waxman DJ, et al. P450 superfamily: update on new sequences, gene mapping, accession numbers and nomenclature. Pharmacogenetics 1996; 6(1): 1-42. 8. van der Weide J, Steijns LS. Cytochrome P450 enzyme system: genetic polymorphisms and impact on clinical pharmacology. Ann Clin Biochem 1999; 36(6): 722-9. 9. Sachse C, Brockmöller J, Bauer S, Roots I. Functional significance of a C→ A polymorphism in intron 1 of the cytochrome P450 CYP1A2 gene tested with caffeine. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1999; 47(4): 445-9. 10. Ganio MS, Klau JF, Casa DJ, Armstrong LE, Maresh CM. Effect of caffeine on sport-specific endurance performance: A systematic review. J Strenght Cond Res 2009; 23(1): 315-24. 11. Pataky MW. The Influence of the CYP1A2 Polymorphism on the Effect of Caffeine Ingestion and Mouth Rincing on 3KM Cycling Performance. James Madison University, Master Thesis, Department of Kinesiology. Virginia 2015. 12. Daly JW, Butts-Lamb P, Padgett W. Subclasses of adenosine receptors in the central nervous system: interaction with caffeine and related methylxanthines. Cell Mol Neurobiol 1983; 3(1): 69-80. 13. Ye JJ, Nagy EE, Millard JT. The Influence of CYP1A2 Genotype on Caffeine Consumption Habits and Athletic Performance Enhancement in Collegiate Distance Runners. The FASEB Journal 2017; 31(1 Supplement): lb738-lb738. 14. Klein C. The Efficacy of Caffeine Supplementation in Collegiate Tennis Players and the Magnitude of Improvement in Tennis Skill Mediated by Caffeine Influenced by a Polymorphism of the CYP1A2 Gene, 2010. 15. Womack CJ, Saunders M., Bechtel MK, Bolton DJ, Martin M, Luden ND, et al. The influence of a CYP1A2 polymorphism on the ergogenic effects of caffeine. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2012; 9(1): 7. 16. Giersch GE, Boyett JC, Luden ND, Hughey CA, Saunders MJ, Hargens TA, et al. The effect of the cyp1a2-163 c>a polymorphism on the metabolism of caffeine and effect on performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 2016; 49(5S): 293. 17. Salinero JJ, Lara B, Ruiz-Vicente D, Areces F, Puente-Torres C, Gallo-Salazar C, et al. a. CYP1A2 Genotype Variations Do Not Modify the Benefits and Drawbacks of Caffeine during Exercise: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2017; 9(3): 269. 18. Ryan EJ, Al Grain HA, Thomas RM, Carrillo AE. The Effects of a Polymorphism in the CYP1A2 Gene on Serum Caffeine Concentrations during Exercise. Int J Exerc Sci 2015; 9(3): 3. 19. Fitzgerald L. The effect of CYP1A2 gene variants and caffeine on ratings of perceived exertion. Ball State Unıversıty, Master Thesis. Muncıe, 2014. 20. Kingsley M, Devlin B, Belski R, Leveritt M, Chan CK. CYP1A2 polymorphism does not modulate caffeine’s effects on sprint performance or its metabolites during a soccer match simulation. J Sci Med Sport 2017; 20: 10. 21. Thomas RM, Algrain HA, Ryan EJ, Popojas A, Carrigan P, Abdulrahman A, et al. Influence of a CYP1A2 polymorphism on post-exercise heart rate variability in response to caffeine intake: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ir J Md Sci 2017; 186(2): 285-91. 22. Algrain HA, Thomas RM, Carrillo AE, Ryan EJ, Kim CH, Lettan RB, et al. The effects of a polymorphism in the cytochrome p450 CYP1A2 gene on performance enhancement with caffeine in recreational cyclists. J Caffeine Res 2016; 6(1): 34-9. 23. Da Silva VL, Messias FR, Zanchi NE, Gerlinger-Romero F, Duncan MJ, et al. Effects of acute caffeine ingestion on resistance training performance and perceptual responses during repeated sets to failure. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2015; 55(5): 383-9. 24. Goldstein ER, Ziegenfuss T, Kalman D, Kreider R, Campbell B, Wilborn C, et al. International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2010; 7(1): 5.

Determination of the Distribution of the rs2069514 and rs762551 Alleles of the Cyp1a2 Gene Related to Caffeine Metabolism in Professional Athletes

Year 2017, Volume: 76 Issue: 2, 69 - 73, 27.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.5152/EurJBiol.2017.1712

Abstract

The
objective of this study is to investigate allele distributions of the rs2069514
and rs762551 polymorphisms of the CYP1A2 gene which affect caffeine metabolism
in long-distance and short-distance runners in the Turkish population. 20
professional athletes in total were included in the study within the age range
of 18-24, 10 of whom were long-distance (female, n=5; Male, n=5) and 10 of whom
were short-distance (Female, n=5; Male, n=5) runners. DNA isolation from the
athletes was performed from peripheral blood samples and genotyping was
determined using the technique of Real Time-PCR. According to the obtained
data, the ratio of individuals having AA (n=6), GG (n=9) and AG (n=5) genotype
for the region of rs2069514 was found as 30%, 45% and 25% respectively. On the
other hand, the ratio for AA (n=4), CC (n=9) and AC (n=7) genotypes in the
region of rs762551 allele was determined as 20%, 45% and 35%. According to the
results, no significant variance regarding gender was found for either of the
different polymorphisms under study in long-distance and short-distance runners
while the genotype distributions varied between short and long-distance runners
only in the rs2069514 polymorphism. The GG genotype was observed in 9
short-distance runners while it was observed in none of the long-distance
runners. As a result, the fact that the GG genotype in case of the Rs2069514
polymorphism was observed in nine of the ten short-distance runners suggests
that the athletes in this group metabolize caffeine slowly and this should be
considered in the caffeine intake. 

References

  • 1. Weinberg BA, Bealer BK. The world of caffeine: the science and culture of the world’s most popular drug. Psychology Press, 2001. 2. Walton C, Kalmar J, Cafarelli E. Caffeine increases spinal excitability in humans. Muscle Nerve 2003; 28(3): 359-64. 3. Umemura T, Ueda K, Nishioka K, Hidaka T, Takemoto H, Nakamura S, Jitsuiki D, et al. Effects of acute administration of caffeine on vascular function. Am J Cardiol 2006; 98: 1538-41. 4. Spriet LL, MacLean DA, Dyck DJ, Hultman E, Cederblad G, Graham TE. Caffeine ingestion and muscle metabolism during prolonged exercise in humans. Am J Physiol 1992; 262: E891-8. 5. Southward K. Effect of caffeine ingestion on aspects of endurance performance and cognition in CYP1A2 hetrozygous A/C male recreational athletes: a thesis presented in partial fulfilment for the requirements of a Master of Science in Sport and Exercise Science at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand (Doctoral dissertation, Massey University), 2016. 6. Pickering C, Kiely J. Are the current guidelines on caffeine use in sport optimal for everyone? Inter-individual variation in caffeine ergogenicity, and a move towards personalised sports nutrition. Sports Med 2018; 48: 7-16. 7. Nelson DR, Koymans L, Kamataki T, Stegeman JJ, Feyereisen R, Waxman DJ, et al. P450 superfamily: update on new sequences, gene mapping, accession numbers and nomenclature. Pharmacogenetics 1996; 6(1): 1-42. 8. van der Weide J, Steijns LS. Cytochrome P450 enzyme system: genetic polymorphisms and impact on clinical pharmacology. Ann Clin Biochem 1999; 36(6): 722-9. 9. Sachse C, Brockmöller J, Bauer S, Roots I. Functional significance of a C→ A polymorphism in intron 1 of the cytochrome P450 CYP1A2 gene tested with caffeine. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1999; 47(4): 445-9. 10. Ganio MS, Klau JF, Casa DJ, Armstrong LE, Maresh CM. Effect of caffeine on sport-specific endurance performance: A systematic review. J Strenght Cond Res 2009; 23(1): 315-24. 11. Pataky MW. The Influence of the CYP1A2 Polymorphism on the Effect of Caffeine Ingestion and Mouth Rincing on 3KM Cycling Performance. James Madison University, Master Thesis, Department of Kinesiology. Virginia 2015. 12. Daly JW, Butts-Lamb P, Padgett W. Subclasses of adenosine receptors in the central nervous system: interaction with caffeine and related methylxanthines. Cell Mol Neurobiol 1983; 3(1): 69-80. 13. Ye JJ, Nagy EE, Millard JT. The Influence of CYP1A2 Genotype on Caffeine Consumption Habits and Athletic Performance Enhancement in Collegiate Distance Runners. The FASEB Journal 2017; 31(1 Supplement): lb738-lb738. 14. Klein C. The Efficacy of Caffeine Supplementation in Collegiate Tennis Players and the Magnitude of Improvement in Tennis Skill Mediated by Caffeine Influenced by a Polymorphism of the CYP1A2 Gene, 2010. 15. Womack CJ, Saunders M., Bechtel MK, Bolton DJ, Martin M, Luden ND, et al. The influence of a CYP1A2 polymorphism on the ergogenic effects of caffeine. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2012; 9(1): 7. 16. Giersch GE, Boyett JC, Luden ND, Hughey CA, Saunders MJ, Hargens TA, et al. The effect of the cyp1a2-163 c>a polymorphism on the metabolism of caffeine and effect on performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 2016; 49(5S): 293. 17. Salinero JJ, Lara B, Ruiz-Vicente D, Areces F, Puente-Torres C, Gallo-Salazar C, et al. a. CYP1A2 Genotype Variations Do Not Modify the Benefits and Drawbacks of Caffeine during Exercise: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2017; 9(3): 269. 18. Ryan EJ, Al Grain HA, Thomas RM, Carrillo AE. The Effects of a Polymorphism in the CYP1A2 Gene on Serum Caffeine Concentrations during Exercise. Int J Exerc Sci 2015; 9(3): 3. 19. Fitzgerald L. The effect of CYP1A2 gene variants and caffeine on ratings of perceived exertion. Ball State Unıversıty, Master Thesis. Muncıe, 2014. 20. Kingsley M, Devlin B, Belski R, Leveritt M, Chan CK. CYP1A2 polymorphism does not modulate caffeine’s effects on sprint performance or its metabolites during a soccer match simulation. J Sci Med Sport 2017; 20: 10. 21. Thomas RM, Algrain HA, Ryan EJ, Popojas A, Carrigan P, Abdulrahman A, et al. Influence of a CYP1A2 polymorphism on post-exercise heart rate variability in response to caffeine intake: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ir J Md Sci 2017; 186(2): 285-91. 22. Algrain HA, Thomas RM, Carrillo AE, Ryan EJ, Kim CH, Lettan RB, et al. The effects of a polymorphism in the cytochrome p450 CYP1A2 gene on performance enhancement with caffeine in recreational cyclists. J Caffeine Res 2016; 6(1): 34-9. 23. Da Silva VL, Messias FR, Zanchi NE, Gerlinger-Romero F, Duncan MJ, et al. Effects of acute caffeine ingestion on resistance training performance and perceptual responses during repeated sets to failure. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2015; 55(5): 383-9. 24. Goldstein ER, Ziegenfuss T, Kalman D, Kreider R, Campbell B, Wilborn C, et al. International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2010; 7(1): 5.
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Details

Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Begum Yucesoy This is me

Sezgin Kapici This is me

Canan Sercan This is me

Turkan Yigitbasi This is me

Nesrin Emekli This is me

Korkut Ulucan This is me

Publication Date December 27, 2017
Submission Date January 5, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 76 Issue: 2

Cite

AMA Yucesoy B, Kapici S, Sercan C, Yigitbasi T, Emekli N, Ulucan K. Determination of the Distribution of the rs2069514 and rs762551 Alleles of the Cyp1a2 Gene Related to Caffeine Metabolism in Professional Athletes. Eur J Biol. December 2017;76(2):69-73. doi:10.5152/EurJBiol.2017.1712