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Antioxidant and antibacterial properties of a lichen species Diploschistes scruposus (Schreb.) Norman

Year 2012, Volume: 71 Issue: 1, 43 - 51, 05.10.2012

Abstract

In this study, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of ethanol extract of Diploschistes scruposus (Schreb.) Norman (Graphidaceae) were investigated. Antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of D. Scruposus was investigated by five different methods: DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl ) radical scavenging activity, ABTS.+ (2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity, reducing power and determination of total phenolic contents. Different antioxidant activities of the extract were studied in comparison to known antioxidants. 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) values for lichen extract was observed 54.37±0.71 and 45.45±0.80 in DPPH assay and ABTS.+ assay, respectively. There were 161.4±0.01 µg/mL gallic acid equivalent of total phenolic compounds in the 1 mg of ethanol extract of D. scruposus. Antibacterial activity of lichen extract was determined by agar well diffusion method. The maximum antibacterial activity was observed against Bacillus subtilis and the minimum antibacterial activity was observed against Escherichia coli. This study shows that ethanol extract of D. scruposus can be used as an accessible source of natural antioxidant and antibacterial agent.

References

  • Abubakar E.M. (2009) Antibacterial efficacy of stem bark extracts of Mangifera indica against some bacteria associated with respiratory tract infections. Scientific Research and Assay, 10: 1031-1037.
  • Arnao M.B., Cano A. and Acosta M. (2001) The hydrophilic and lipophilic contribution to total antioxidant activity. Food Chemistry, 73: 239- 244.
  • Bezivin C., Tomasi S., Lohezic-Le Devahat F. and Boustie J. (2003) Cytotoxic activity of some lichen extracts on murine and human cancer cell lines. Phytomedicine, 10: 499-503.
  • Bhandari M.R. and Kawabata J. (2004) Organic acid, phenolic content and antioxidant activity of wild yam (Dioscorea spp.) tubers of Nepal. Food Chemistry, 88: 163-168.
  • Boyanova L., Gergova G., Nikolov R, Derejian S., Lazarova E., Katsarov N., Mitov I. and Krastev Z. (2005) Activity of Bulgarian propolis against 94 Helicobacter pylori strains in vitro by agar- well diffusion, agar dilution and disc diffusion method. Journal of Medical Biology, 54: 481- 483.
  • Brand-Williams W., Cuvelier M. and Berset C. (1995) Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft und-Technologie-Food Science and Technology, 28: 25-30.
  • Bucar F., Schneider I., Ögmundsdottir H. and Ingolfsdottir K. (2004) Anti-proliferative lichen compounds with inhibitory activity on 12 (S)- HETE Phytomedicine, 11: 602-606. in human platelets.
  • Bugni S.T., Andjelic C.D., Pole A.R., Rai P., Ireland C.M. and Barrows R.L. (2009) Biologically active components of a Papua New Guinea analgesic preparation. Fitotheraphy, 80: 270-273. lichen
  • Güllüce M., Adıgüzel A., Öğütçü H., Şengül M., Karaman I. and Şahin F. (2004) Antimicrobial effects of Quercus ilex L. extract. Phytotheraphy Research, 18: 208-211.
  • Halama P. and Haluwin C.V. (2004) Antifungal activity of lichen extracts lichenic acids. Journal of Biological Control, 49: 95-107.
  • Hall C.A. and Cuppett S.L. (1997) Structure activities of natural antioxidants, In: Auroma O.I. & Cuppett S.L. (eds), Antioxidant methodology in vivo and in vitro concepts. AOCS Press, Champaign, IL, pp.141-170.
  • Ingólfsdóttir K. (2002) Usnic acid. Phytochemistry, 61: 729-736.
  • Kris-Etherton P.M., Lefevre M., Beecher G.R., Gross M.D., Keen C.L. and Etherton T.D. (2004) Bioactive compounds in nutrition and health- research biological antiinflammatory effects of flavanoids on atherosclerosis. Annual Review of Nutrition, 24: 511-538. for antioxidant the and
  • Lin J., Opoku A.R., Geheeb-Keller M., Hutchings A.D., Terblanche S.E., Jager A.K. and Van Staden J. (1999) Preliminary screening of some traditional zulu medicinal plants for anti- inflammatory and anti-microbial activities. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 68: 267-274.
  • Luo H., Wei X., Yamamoto Y., Liu Y., Wang L., Jung J.S., Koh Y.J. and Hur J. (2010) Antioxidant activities of edible lichen Ramalina conduplicans and its free radical-scavenging constituents. Mycoscience, 51: 391-395.
  • Malhotra S., Subban R. and Singh A.P. (2008) Lichens role in traditional medicine and drug discovery. The Internet Journal of Alternative Medicine, http://www.ispub.com/journal/the_internet_journ al_of_alternative_medicine/volume_5_number_2 _3/article/lichens_role_in_traditional_medicine_ and_drug_discovery.html (2009, February, 13)
  • Marijiana K., Branislav R. and Slobodan S. (2010) Antimicrobial activity of the lichen Lecanora frustulosa and Parmeliopsis hyperopta and their divaricatic acid and zeorin constituents. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 4: 885-890.
  • Marnett L.J. (2000) Oxyradicals and DNA damage. Carcinogenesis, 21: 361-370.
  • Murray P.R., Baron E.J., Pfaller M.A., Tenover F.C. and Yolke R.H. (1995) Manual of Clinical Microbiology. ASM press, Washington, DC.
  • Nash T.H. (1996) Lichen Biology. Cambridge University Press, Great Britain.
  • Oyaizu M. (1986) Studies on product of browning reaction prepared from glucose amine. Japanese Journal of Nutrition,44: 307–315.
  • Robertson R.P. and Harmon J.S. (2006) Diabetes, glucose toxicity, and oxidative stres: a case of double jeopardy for the pancreatic islet beta cell. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 41: 177-184.
  • Saenz M.T., Garcia M.D. and Rowe J.G. (2006) Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical studies of some lichens from south of Spain. Fitotheraphy, 77: 156-159.
  • Sanchez-Moreno C. (2002) Methods used to evaluate the free radical scavenging activity in foods and biological systems. Food Science and Technology International, 8: 121-137.
  • Singh R., Sharad S. and Kapur S. (2004) Free radicals neurodegenerative diseases: relevance of dietary antioxidants. Journal Indian Academy of Clinical Medicine, 5: 218-225. stress in
  • Singh U. and Jialal I. (2006) Oxidative stress and atherosclerosis. Pathophysiology, 13: 129-142.
  • Slinkard K. and Singleton V.L. (1977) Total phenol analysis: automation and comparison with manual methods. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 28: 49-55.
  • Süleyman H., Yıldırım D., Aslan A., Göçer F., Gepdiremen A. and Güvenalp Z. (2002) An investigation of inflammatory effects of an extract from Cladonia rangiformis (Hoffm.). Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 25: 10- 13.
  • Valko M., Rhodes C.J., Moncola J., Izakovic M. and Mazura M. (2006) Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stres-induced cancer. Chemico- Biological Interactions, 160: 1-40.
  • Varna S.D. (1992) Scientific basis for medical theraphy of cataracts by antioxidants. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 53: 335- 345.
  • Vartia K.O. and Tervila L. (1952) D-Licheste-rinic acid, effect in vivo on pigmented mice with inoculation tuberculosis. Annales Medicinae Experimentalis et Biologiae Fenniae, 30: 76-78.
  • Yen W.J., Chang L.W. and Duh P.D. (2005) Antioxidant activity of peanut seed testa and its antioxidative component, ethyl protocatechuate. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft Food Science and Technology, 38: 193-200.
  • Yılmaz M., Tay T., Kıvanç M. and Türk A.Ö. (2005) The antimicrobial activity of the lichen Hypogymnia tubulosa and its 3-hydroxyphysodic acid Naturforschung C, 60: 35-38. Zeit-schrift für

Diploschistes scruposus (Schreb.) Norman likeninin antioksidan ve antibakteriyal özellikleri

Year 2012, Volume: 71 Issue: 1, 43 - 51, 05.10.2012

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Diploschistes scruposus (Schreb.) Norman (Graphidaceae) likeninin antibakteriyal ve antioksidan özellikleri araştırılmıştır. D. scruposus likeninin etanol ekstresinin antioksidan aktivitesi beş farklı metodla çalışılmıştır: DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil) radikal süpürme aktivitesi, ABTS.+ (2,2'-azino-bis (3etilbenzotiyazolin-6-sülfonik asit) radikali süpürme aktivitesi, indirgeme gücü ve toplam fenolik içeriğinin belirlenmesi. Test ekstresinin değişik antioksidan aktiviteleri bilinen antioksidanlarla kıyaslanmıştır. Liken ekstresinin %50 inhibisyon konsantrasyon değerleri (IC50), DPPH radikali süpürme aktivitesi için 54.37±0.71; ABTS.+ radikali süpürme aktivitesi için 45.45±0.80 olarak gözlenmiştir. D. scruposus etanol ekstresinin 1 mg’ında 161.4±0.01 µg/mL gallik asit eşdeğeri toplam fenolik bileşikleri bulunmaktadır. Liken ekstresinin antibakteriyal aktivitesi agar kuyu difüzyon yöntemine göre belirlenmiştir. Maksimum antibakteriyal aktivite Bacillus subtilis’e, en düşük antibakteriyal aktivite ise Escherichia coli’ye karşı gözlenmiştir. Bu çalışma, D. scruposus likeninin doğal antioksidan ve antibakteriyal kaynağı olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir

References

  • Abubakar E.M. (2009) Antibacterial efficacy of stem bark extracts of Mangifera indica against some bacteria associated with respiratory tract infections. Scientific Research and Assay, 10: 1031-1037.
  • Arnao M.B., Cano A. and Acosta M. (2001) The hydrophilic and lipophilic contribution to total antioxidant activity. Food Chemistry, 73: 239- 244.
  • Bezivin C., Tomasi S., Lohezic-Le Devahat F. and Boustie J. (2003) Cytotoxic activity of some lichen extracts on murine and human cancer cell lines. Phytomedicine, 10: 499-503.
  • Bhandari M.R. and Kawabata J. (2004) Organic acid, phenolic content and antioxidant activity of wild yam (Dioscorea spp.) tubers of Nepal. Food Chemistry, 88: 163-168.
  • Boyanova L., Gergova G., Nikolov R, Derejian S., Lazarova E., Katsarov N., Mitov I. and Krastev Z. (2005) Activity of Bulgarian propolis against 94 Helicobacter pylori strains in vitro by agar- well diffusion, agar dilution and disc diffusion method. Journal of Medical Biology, 54: 481- 483.
  • Brand-Williams W., Cuvelier M. and Berset C. (1995) Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft und-Technologie-Food Science and Technology, 28: 25-30.
  • Bucar F., Schneider I., Ögmundsdottir H. and Ingolfsdottir K. (2004) Anti-proliferative lichen compounds with inhibitory activity on 12 (S)- HETE Phytomedicine, 11: 602-606. in human platelets.
  • Bugni S.T., Andjelic C.D., Pole A.R., Rai P., Ireland C.M. and Barrows R.L. (2009) Biologically active components of a Papua New Guinea analgesic preparation. Fitotheraphy, 80: 270-273. lichen
  • Güllüce M., Adıgüzel A., Öğütçü H., Şengül M., Karaman I. and Şahin F. (2004) Antimicrobial effects of Quercus ilex L. extract. Phytotheraphy Research, 18: 208-211.
  • Halama P. and Haluwin C.V. (2004) Antifungal activity of lichen extracts lichenic acids. Journal of Biological Control, 49: 95-107.
  • Hall C.A. and Cuppett S.L. (1997) Structure activities of natural antioxidants, In: Auroma O.I. & Cuppett S.L. (eds), Antioxidant methodology in vivo and in vitro concepts. AOCS Press, Champaign, IL, pp.141-170.
  • Ingólfsdóttir K. (2002) Usnic acid. Phytochemistry, 61: 729-736.
  • Kris-Etherton P.M., Lefevre M., Beecher G.R., Gross M.D., Keen C.L. and Etherton T.D. (2004) Bioactive compounds in nutrition and health- research biological antiinflammatory effects of flavanoids on atherosclerosis. Annual Review of Nutrition, 24: 511-538. for antioxidant the and
  • Lin J., Opoku A.R., Geheeb-Keller M., Hutchings A.D., Terblanche S.E., Jager A.K. and Van Staden J. (1999) Preliminary screening of some traditional zulu medicinal plants for anti- inflammatory and anti-microbial activities. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 68: 267-274.
  • Luo H., Wei X., Yamamoto Y., Liu Y., Wang L., Jung J.S., Koh Y.J. and Hur J. (2010) Antioxidant activities of edible lichen Ramalina conduplicans and its free radical-scavenging constituents. Mycoscience, 51: 391-395.
  • Malhotra S., Subban R. and Singh A.P. (2008) Lichens role in traditional medicine and drug discovery. The Internet Journal of Alternative Medicine, http://www.ispub.com/journal/the_internet_journ al_of_alternative_medicine/volume_5_number_2 _3/article/lichens_role_in_traditional_medicine_ and_drug_discovery.html (2009, February, 13)
  • Marijiana K., Branislav R. and Slobodan S. (2010) Antimicrobial activity of the lichen Lecanora frustulosa and Parmeliopsis hyperopta and their divaricatic acid and zeorin constituents. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 4: 885-890.
  • Marnett L.J. (2000) Oxyradicals and DNA damage. Carcinogenesis, 21: 361-370.
  • Murray P.R., Baron E.J., Pfaller M.A., Tenover F.C. and Yolke R.H. (1995) Manual of Clinical Microbiology. ASM press, Washington, DC.
  • Nash T.H. (1996) Lichen Biology. Cambridge University Press, Great Britain.
  • Oyaizu M. (1986) Studies on product of browning reaction prepared from glucose amine. Japanese Journal of Nutrition,44: 307–315.
  • Robertson R.P. and Harmon J.S. (2006) Diabetes, glucose toxicity, and oxidative stres: a case of double jeopardy for the pancreatic islet beta cell. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 41: 177-184.
  • Saenz M.T., Garcia M.D. and Rowe J.G. (2006) Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical studies of some lichens from south of Spain. Fitotheraphy, 77: 156-159.
  • Sanchez-Moreno C. (2002) Methods used to evaluate the free radical scavenging activity in foods and biological systems. Food Science and Technology International, 8: 121-137.
  • Singh R., Sharad S. and Kapur S. (2004) Free radicals neurodegenerative diseases: relevance of dietary antioxidants. Journal Indian Academy of Clinical Medicine, 5: 218-225. stress in
  • Singh U. and Jialal I. (2006) Oxidative stress and atherosclerosis. Pathophysiology, 13: 129-142.
  • Slinkard K. and Singleton V.L. (1977) Total phenol analysis: automation and comparison with manual methods. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 28: 49-55.
  • Süleyman H., Yıldırım D., Aslan A., Göçer F., Gepdiremen A. and Güvenalp Z. (2002) An investigation of inflammatory effects of an extract from Cladonia rangiformis (Hoffm.). Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 25: 10- 13.
  • Valko M., Rhodes C.J., Moncola J., Izakovic M. and Mazura M. (2006) Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stres-induced cancer. Chemico- Biological Interactions, 160: 1-40.
  • Varna S.D. (1992) Scientific basis for medical theraphy of cataracts by antioxidants. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 53: 335- 345.
  • Vartia K.O. and Tervila L. (1952) D-Licheste-rinic acid, effect in vivo on pigmented mice with inoculation tuberculosis. Annales Medicinae Experimentalis et Biologiae Fenniae, 30: 76-78.
  • Yen W.J., Chang L.W. and Duh P.D. (2005) Antioxidant activity of peanut seed testa and its antioxidative component, ethyl protocatechuate. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft Food Science and Technology, 38: 193-200.
  • Yılmaz M., Tay T., Kıvanç M. and Türk A.Ö. (2005) The antimicrobial activity of the lichen Hypogymnia tubulosa and its 3-hydroxyphysodic acid Naturforschung C, 60: 35-38. Zeit-schrift für
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Bahar Sökmen

Sinem Aydın This is me

Kadir Kınalıoğlu This is me

Publication Date October 5, 2012
Submission Date October 5, 2012
Published in Issue Year 2012 Volume: 71 Issue: 1

Cite

AMA Sökmen B, Aydın S, Kınalıoğlu K. Antioxidant and antibacterial properties of a lichen species Diploschistes scruposus (Schreb.) Norman. Eur J Biol. October 2012;71(1):43-51.