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Scale Surface Microstructure and Scale Size in Three Mugilid Fishes (Teleostei, Mugilidae) of Iran from Three Different Habitats

Year 2014, Volume: 73 Issue: 1, 31 - 42, 27.11.2014

Abstract

A substantial number of species within mugilid family has been recorded from marine, brackish and
freshwater bodies of Iran. Descriptions of these species have been based mainly on morphological and
anatomical data; however, the characters related to the fish scales have not up to now been intensively
studied and employed for the identification of the fish species. The objective of this study is to test
whether (i) scale surface morphology and microstructure, and (ii) scale size can be used to discriminate
species. To achieve these objectives, scales of three species of the genus Liza from three different
habitats, Liza abu (freshwater, Maharlu basin), Liza klunzingeri (sea, Persian Gulf) and Liza saliens
(brackish water, Caspian Sea) have been studied using SEM images, scale measurements, and uni
and multivariate statistics. It is opined that scale surface morphology and microstructure may help in
distinguishing the species. In addition, scale size and J-indices, represent a valuable tool for species
separation, which corroborates earlier studies for the use of these indices in fish taxonomy.

References

  • Abou-seedo F.S. and Al-khatib H.Y. (1995) A histological and macroscopic study of ovarian development in the grey mullet, Liza carinata (Valenciennes, 1836). Journal of University of Kuwait (Science), 22: 239-254.
  • Abou-seedo F.S., Otieno M.J. and Dadzie S. (2002) Length-weight relationship, condition factor and gonadosomatic index of Liza klunzingeri (Day, 1888) in Kuwait Bay: Comparison of data from 1980s and 1990s. Zoology in the Middle East, 25: 37 doi:10.1080/09397140.2002.10637903
  • Abou-seedo F.S. and Dadzie S. (2004) Reproductive cycle in the male and female grey mullet, Liza klunzingeri in the Kuwaiti waters of the Persian Gulf. Cybium, 28(2): 97Abraham M., Blanc N. and Yashouv A. (1966) Oogenesis in five species of grey mullets (Teleostei, Mugilidae) from natural and landlocked habitats. Israel Journal of Zoology, 15: 155-172.
  • Agassiz L. (1834) Recherches sur les poisons fossils. 2e Iivrasion Vol. 1. Neuchatel.
  • Anderson W.W. (1958) Larval development, growth and spawning of striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) along the South Atlantic coast of the United States. Fishery Bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service of U.S, 58: 501-5
  • Bartulović V., Dulcic J., Matic-Skoko S. and Glamuzina B. (2011) Reproductive cycles of Mugil cephalus, Liza ramada and Liza aurata (Teleostei: Mugilidae). Journal of Fish Biology, 78: 2067-2073. doi: 1111/j.1095-8649.2011.02953.x
  • Bu-Olayan A.H. and Thomas B.V. (2006) Assessment on biocides bioaccumulation in mullet Liza klunzingeri in Kuwaiti waters, of the Persian Gulf. American Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology, 2(3): 109-113.
  • Cardona L. (2006) Habitat selection by grey mullets (osteichthyes: Mugilidae) in Mediterranean estuaries: the role of salinity. Scientila Marina, 70(3): 443-455.
  • Chan E.H. and Chua T.E. (1980) Reproduction in the greenback grey mullet, Liza subviridis (Valenciennes, 1836). Journal of Fish Biology, 16: 505-519.
  • Chugunova N.I. (1963) Age and Growth Studies in Fish. Israel Program of Scientific Translation, No: 610, National Science Foundation of Washington D.C. 132 pp.
  • Cockrell T.D.A. (1915) Scales of Panama fishes. Proceeding of the Biological Society of Washington, pp. 151-160.
  • Dadzie S., Manyala J.O. and Abou-seedo F. (2005) Aspects of the population dynamics of Liza klunzingeri in the Kuwait Bay. Cybium, 29(1): 13-20.
  • Edwards P., Pullin R.S.V. and Gartner J.A. (1988) Review of breeding and propagation techniques for grey mullet, Mugil cephalus. Linnaeus, 1758. ICLARM Studies and Reviews 16: 1-53.
  • Esmaeili H.R. (2001) Biology of an exotic fish, silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Val., 1844) from Gobindsagar Reservoir, Himachal Pradesh, India. Ph.D. Thesis. Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
  • Esmaeili H.R. and Niknejad V. (2007) Scale morphological studies of 4 loaches (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes) in Fars Province. Journal of Science, 19: 1-10. (In Farsi).
  • Esmaeili H.R., Hojat Ansari T. and Teimory A. (2007) Scale structure of a cyprinid fish, Capoeta damascina (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1842) using scanning electron microscope (SEM).
  • Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, 31: 255-262. Esmaeili H.R., Johal M.S., Tandon K.K. and Sharma M.L. (2001) EDX study of the scales of Iranocichla hormuzensis (Coad, 1982) from two streams of Southern Iran. XXIV
  • Annual Conference of Electron Microscopy and Allied Fields (Feb. 9-11-2001) Panjab
  • University, Chandigarh, India. Esmaeili H.R., Teimori A., Gholami Z., Zarei N. and Reichenbacher B. (2012).
  • Re-validation and re-description of an endemic and threatened species, Aphanius pluristriatus (Jenkins, 1910) (Teleostei, Cyprinodontidae), from southern Iran. Zootaxa, 3208: 58–67.
  • Ferrito V., Pappalardo A.M., Fruciano C. and Tigano C. (2009) Morphology of scale lepidonts in the genus Aphanius
  • (Teleostei, Cyprinodontidae). Italian Journal of Zoology, 76(2): 173-178. doi: 1080/11250000802555684
  • Gholami Z., Teimori A., Esmaeili H.R., Schulz-Mirbach T. and Reichenbacher B. (2013) Scale surface microstructure and scale size in the toth-carp genus
  • Aphanius (Teleostei, Cyprinodontidae) from endorheic in southwest Iran. Zootaxa, 3619 (4): 467-490. doi: http://dx.doi. org/11646%2Fzootaxa.3619.4.5
  • Golani D. (2002) Mugilidae, grey mullet, Liza carinata. Department of Evolution, Systematics and Ecology, the Hebrew University.
  • Hakimelahi M., Kamrani E., Taghavi motlagh S.A., Ghodrati shojaei M. and Vahabnezhad A. (2010) Growth parameters and mortality rates of Liza klunzingeri in the Iranian waters of the Persian Gulf and Oman
  • Sea, using length frequency data. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 9(1): 87-96. Hoda S.M.S. and Qureshi N. (1989) Maturity, sex ratio and ova diameter and fecundity of the mullet Liza klunzingeri (Day, 1888) from Karachi-Sind waters. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 36: 183-192.
  • Javad L.A. and Al-Jufaili S.M. (2007) Scale morphology of greter lizardfish Saurida tumbil (Bloch, 1795) (Pisces: Synodontidae). Journal of Fish Biology, 70: 1185-1212. doi: 10.1111/j.1095862007.01385.x
  • Jhingran V.G. (1957) Age determination of the Indian major carp, Cirrhinus mirgala (Ham, 1822) by means of scales. Nature, London, 179 (4557): 468-469.
  • Johal M.S. and Agarwal T. (1997). Scale structure of Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters,1852). Research Bulletin of the Panjab University, 47: 41-49.
  • Johal M.S. and Dua A. (1994) SEM study of the scales of freshwater snakehead, Chana punctatus (Bloch, 1793) upon exposure to endosulfan. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 52: 718-721.
  • Johal M.S. and Dua A. (1995) Elemental, lepidological and toxicological studies in Channa punctatus (Bloch) upon exposure to an organochlorine pesticide. Bulletine of Environmental Contamination and Taxicology, 55: 916-921.
  • Johal M.S. and Sawhney A.K. (1997) Lepidontal alterations of the circuli on the scales of freshwater snakehead, Channa punctatus (Bloch, 1980) upon exposure to malathion. Current Science, 72(6): 367-369.
  • Johal M.S., Esmaeili H.R. and Tandon K.K. (2001) A comparison of back–calculated lengths of silver carp derived from bony structures. Journal of Fisheries Biology 59: 1483-1493. doi: 10.1111/j.1095862001.tb00213.x
  • Johal M.S., Novak J. and Oliva O. (1984) Notes on the growth of the common carp Cyprinius carpio. In Northern India and middle Europe. Vestink Ceskoslovenskes Spolecnosti Zoologicke, 48: 24-38.
  • Johal M.S. and Tandon K.K. (1989) Age and growth of catla, Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822) from Rang Mahal( Rajisthan), India. Bangladesh Journal of Agriculture, 14(2): 135-1
  • Johal M.S. and Tandon K.K. (1992) Age and growth of carp Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822) from northern India. Fisheries Research, 14: 83-90.
  • Johal M.S., Tandon K.K. and Kaur S. (1996)
  • Scale structure, age and growth of Labeo calbasu (Hamilton, 1822) from northern
  • India. Acta Hydriobiologica, 38: 53-63. Johnson G.D. (1984) Percoidei: development and relationships. Pages 464-498 In: H.
  • G. Moser, W. J. Richards, D. M. Cohen, M. P. Fahay, A. W. Kendall, Jr. and S. L. Richardson, (Eds.), Ontogeny and systematics of fishes. American Society of Ichthyology and Herpetology Special Publication No. I. Kaur N. and Dua A. (2004) Species specificity as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy of fish scales. Current Science, 87: 692-696.
  • Kumar R., Singh P.J., Nagpure N.S., Kushwaha B., Srivastava S.K. and Lakra W.S. (2007) A non- invasive technique for rapid extraction of DNA from fish scales. Indian Journal of
  • Experimental Biology, 45: 992-997. Lippitsch E. (1990) Scale morphology and squamation patterns in cichlids (Teleostei, Perciformes): A comparative study. Journal of Fish Biology, 37: 265-291.
  • Liu C.H. and Shen S.C. (1991) Lepidology of the mugilid fishes. Journal of Taiwan Museum, 44: 321–357.
  • Miranda R.C., Escala M.C. and Campos F. (1996) Clave de identificacion de las especies de cirprinidos presentes en Navarra a partir de las escamas. In Tomo extraordinario Publicado con motivo del 125 Aniversario de Su Fundacion, Madrid: Real Sociedad Espa´ la de Historia Natural, pp. 220–222 (in Spanish).
  • Nelson J.S. (2006) Fishes of the world. Fourth
  • Edition. Canada. John wiley and Sons, Inc. Patterson C. (1977) The contribution of paleontology to teleostean phylogeny. M.K. Hecht, P.C. Goody and B.M. Hecht, (Eds.), The major patterns in vertebrate evolution. Plenum Publishing
  • Corporation, New York pp. 579-643. Qasim S.Z. (1964) Occurrence of growth zones on the opercular bones of the freshwater murrel. Ophicephalus punctatus Bloch, 17 Current Science, 33(1): 19-20.
  • Qasim S.Z. and Bhatt V.S. (1966) The growth of the freshwater murrel, Ophicephalus punctatus Bloch, 1793. Hydrobiologia, 27(3-4): 289-316.
  • Randall J.E. (1995) Coastal fishes of Oman. University of Hawaii Press. Honolulu USA.
  • Roberts C.D. (1993) Comparative morphology of spined scales and their phylogenetic significance in the Teleostei. Bulletin of Marine Science, 52: 60-113.
  • Sarojini K.K. (1958) Biology and fisheries of grey mullets of Bengal. 2. Biology of Mugil cunnesius Valenciennes, 1836. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 5: 56-76.
  • Tandon K.K. and Chaudhry N. (1983-84) Variations in the scales of some freshwater
  • Teleostean fishes of India. Matsya, 9-10: 38Tandon K.K. and Johal M.S. (1996) Age and Growth in Indian Freshwater Fishes.
  • Narendra Publishing House New Delhi. Thomson J. M. (1957) The size at maturity and spawning times of some Western
  • Australian estuarine fishes. Australian Journal of Marine Freshwater Research, 2: 469-485. Valinassab T., Seyfabadi S.J., Javadzadeh N. and Safikhani H. (2006) Reproduction of
  • Klunzinger Mullet, Liza klunzingeri, in coastal waters of Khouzestan Province (Persian Gulf). Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 6(2): 129-142. Yashouv A. and Berner-Samsonov E. (1970)
  • Contribution to the knowledge of eggs and early larval stages of mullets (Mugilidae) along the Israeli coast. Bamidgeh, 22: 72-89.
Year 2014, Volume: 73 Issue: 1, 31 - 42, 27.11.2014

Abstract

References

  • Abou-seedo F.S. and Al-khatib H.Y. (1995) A histological and macroscopic study of ovarian development in the grey mullet, Liza carinata (Valenciennes, 1836). Journal of University of Kuwait (Science), 22: 239-254.
  • Abou-seedo F.S., Otieno M.J. and Dadzie S. (2002) Length-weight relationship, condition factor and gonadosomatic index of Liza klunzingeri (Day, 1888) in Kuwait Bay: Comparison of data from 1980s and 1990s. Zoology in the Middle East, 25: 37 doi:10.1080/09397140.2002.10637903
  • Abou-seedo F.S. and Dadzie S. (2004) Reproductive cycle in the male and female grey mullet, Liza klunzingeri in the Kuwaiti waters of the Persian Gulf. Cybium, 28(2): 97Abraham M., Blanc N. and Yashouv A. (1966) Oogenesis in five species of grey mullets (Teleostei, Mugilidae) from natural and landlocked habitats. Israel Journal of Zoology, 15: 155-172.
  • Agassiz L. (1834) Recherches sur les poisons fossils. 2e Iivrasion Vol. 1. Neuchatel.
  • Anderson W.W. (1958) Larval development, growth and spawning of striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) along the South Atlantic coast of the United States. Fishery Bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service of U.S, 58: 501-5
  • Bartulović V., Dulcic J., Matic-Skoko S. and Glamuzina B. (2011) Reproductive cycles of Mugil cephalus, Liza ramada and Liza aurata (Teleostei: Mugilidae). Journal of Fish Biology, 78: 2067-2073. doi: 1111/j.1095-8649.2011.02953.x
  • Bu-Olayan A.H. and Thomas B.V. (2006) Assessment on biocides bioaccumulation in mullet Liza klunzingeri in Kuwaiti waters, of the Persian Gulf. American Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology, 2(3): 109-113.
  • Cardona L. (2006) Habitat selection by grey mullets (osteichthyes: Mugilidae) in Mediterranean estuaries: the role of salinity. Scientila Marina, 70(3): 443-455.
  • Chan E.H. and Chua T.E. (1980) Reproduction in the greenback grey mullet, Liza subviridis (Valenciennes, 1836). Journal of Fish Biology, 16: 505-519.
  • Chugunova N.I. (1963) Age and Growth Studies in Fish. Israel Program of Scientific Translation, No: 610, National Science Foundation of Washington D.C. 132 pp.
  • Cockrell T.D.A. (1915) Scales of Panama fishes. Proceeding of the Biological Society of Washington, pp. 151-160.
  • Dadzie S., Manyala J.O. and Abou-seedo F. (2005) Aspects of the population dynamics of Liza klunzingeri in the Kuwait Bay. Cybium, 29(1): 13-20.
  • Edwards P., Pullin R.S.V. and Gartner J.A. (1988) Review of breeding and propagation techniques for grey mullet, Mugil cephalus. Linnaeus, 1758. ICLARM Studies and Reviews 16: 1-53.
  • Esmaeili H.R. (2001) Biology of an exotic fish, silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Val., 1844) from Gobindsagar Reservoir, Himachal Pradesh, India. Ph.D. Thesis. Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
  • Esmaeili H.R. and Niknejad V. (2007) Scale morphological studies of 4 loaches (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes) in Fars Province. Journal of Science, 19: 1-10. (In Farsi).
  • Esmaeili H.R., Hojat Ansari T. and Teimory A. (2007) Scale structure of a cyprinid fish, Capoeta damascina (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1842) using scanning electron microscope (SEM).
  • Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, 31: 255-262. Esmaeili H.R., Johal M.S., Tandon K.K. and Sharma M.L. (2001) EDX study of the scales of Iranocichla hormuzensis (Coad, 1982) from two streams of Southern Iran. XXIV
  • Annual Conference of Electron Microscopy and Allied Fields (Feb. 9-11-2001) Panjab
  • University, Chandigarh, India. Esmaeili H.R., Teimori A., Gholami Z., Zarei N. and Reichenbacher B. (2012).
  • Re-validation and re-description of an endemic and threatened species, Aphanius pluristriatus (Jenkins, 1910) (Teleostei, Cyprinodontidae), from southern Iran. Zootaxa, 3208: 58–67.
  • Ferrito V., Pappalardo A.M., Fruciano C. and Tigano C. (2009) Morphology of scale lepidonts in the genus Aphanius
  • (Teleostei, Cyprinodontidae). Italian Journal of Zoology, 76(2): 173-178. doi: 1080/11250000802555684
  • Gholami Z., Teimori A., Esmaeili H.R., Schulz-Mirbach T. and Reichenbacher B. (2013) Scale surface microstructure and scale size in the toth-carp genus
  • Aphanius (Teleostei, Cyprinodontidae) from endorheic in southwest Iran. Zootaxa, 3619 (4): 467-490. doi: http://dx.doi. org/11646%2Fzootaxa.3619.4.5
  • Golani D. (2002) Mugilidae, grey mullet, Liza carinata. Department of Evolution, Systematics and Ecology, the Hebrew University.
  • Hakimelahi M., Kamrani E., Taghavi motlagh S.A., Ghodrati shojaei M. and Vahabnezhad A. (2010) Growth parameters and mortality rates of Liza klunzingeri in the Iranian waters of the Persian Gulf and Oman
  • Sea, using length frequency data. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 9(1): 87-96. Hoda S.M.S. and Qureshi N. (1989) Maturity, sex ratio and ova diameter and fecundity of the mullet Liza klunzingeri (Day, 1888) from Karachi-Sind waters. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 36: 183-192.
  • Javad L.A. and Al-Jufaili S.M. (2007) Scale morphology of greter lizardfish Saurida tumbil (Bloch, 1795) (Pisces: Synodontidae). Journal of Fish Biology, 70: 1185-1212. doi: 10.1111/j.1095862007.01385.x
  • Jhingran V.G. (1957) Age determination of the Indian major carp, Cirrhinus mirgala (Ham, 1822) by means of scales. Nature, London, 179 (4557): 468-469.
  • Johal M.S. and Agarwal T. (1997). Scale structure of Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters,1852). Research Bulletin of the Panjab University, 47: 41-49.
  • Johal M.S. and Dua A. (1994) SEM study of the scales of freshwater snakehead, Chana punctatus (Bloch, 1793) upon exposure to endosulfan. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 52: 718-721.
  • Johal M.S. and Dua A. (1995) Elemental, lepidological and toxicological studies in Channa punctatus (Bloch) upon exposure to an organochlorine pesticide. Bulletine of Environmental Contamination and Taxicology, 55: 916-921.
  • Johal M.S. and Sawhney A.K. (1997) Lepidontal alterations of the circuli on the scales of freshwater snakehead, Channa punctatus (Bloch, 1980) upon exposure to malathion. Current Science, 72(6): 367-369.
  • Johal M.S., Esmaeili H.R. and Tandon K.K. (2001) A comparison of back–calculated lengths of silver carp derived from bony structures. Journal of Fisheries Biology 59: 1483-1493. doi: 10.1111/j.1095862001.tb00213.x
  • Johal M.S., Novak J. and Oliva O. (1984) Notes on the growth of the common carp Cyprinius carpio. In Northern India and middle Europe. Vestink Ceskoslovenskes Spolecnosti Zoologicke, 48: 24-38.
  • Johal M.S. and Tandon K.K. (1989) Age and growth of catla, Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822) from Rang Mahal( Rajisthan), India. Bangladesh Journal of Agriculture, 14(2): 135-1
  • Johal M.S. and Tandon K.K. (1992) Age and growth of carp Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822) from northern India. Fisheries Research, 14: 83-90.
  • Johal M.S., Tandon K.K. and Kaur S. (1996)
  • Scale structure, age and growth of Labeo calbasu (Hamilton, 1822) from northern
  • India. Acta Hydriobiologica, 38: 53-63. Johnson G.D. (1984) Percoidei: development and relationships. Pages 464-498 In: H.
  • G. Moser, W. J. Richards, D. M. Cohen, M. P. Fahay, A. W. Kendall, Jr. and S. L. Richardson, (Eds.), Ontogeny and systematics of fishes. American Society of Ichthyology and Herpetology Special Publication No. I. Kaur N. and Dua A. (2004) Species specificity as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy of fish scales. Current Science, 87: 692-696.
  • Kumar R., Singh P.J., Nagpure N.S., Kushwaha B., Srivastava S.K. and Lakra W.S. (2007) A non- invasive technique for rapid extraction of DNA from fish scales. Indian Journal of
  • Experimental Biology, 45: 992-997. Lippitsch E. (1990) Scale morphology and squamation patterns in cichlids (Teleostei, Perciformes): A comparative study. Journal of Fish Biology, 37: 265-291.
  • Liu C.H. and Shen S.C. (1991) Lepidology of the mugilid fishes. Journal of Taiwan Museum, 44: 321–357.
  • Miranda R.C., Escala M.C. and Campos F. (1996) Clave de identificacion de las especies de cirprinidos presentes en Navarra a partir de las escamas. In Tomo extraordinario Publicado con motivo del 125 Aniversario de Su Fundacion, Madrid: Real Sociedad Espa´ la de Historia Natural, pp. 220–222 (in Spanish).
  • Nelson J.S. (2006) Fishes of the world. Fourth
  • Edition. Canada. John wiley and Sons, Inc. Patterson C. (1977) The contribution of paleontology to teleostean phylogeny. M.K. Hecht, P.C. Goody and B.M. Hecht, (Eds.), The major patterns in vertebrate evolution. Plenum Publishing
  • Corporation, New York pp. 579-643. Qasim S.Z. (1964) Occurrence of growth zones on the opercular bones of the freshwater murrel. Ophicephalus punctatus Bloch, 17 Current Science, 33(1): 19-20.
  • Qasim S.Z. and Bhatt V.S. (1966) The growth of the freshwater murrel, Ophicephalus punctatus Bloch, 1793. Hydrobiologia, 27(3-4): 289-316.
  • Randall J.E. (1995) Coastal fishes of Oman. University of Hawaii Press. Honolulu USA.
  • Roberts C.D. (1993) Comparative morphology of spined scales and their phylogenetic significance in the Teleostei. Bulletin of Marine Science, 52: 60-113.
  • Sarojini K.K. (1958) Biology and fisheries of grey mullets of Bengal. 2. Biology of Mugil cunnesius Valenciennes, 1836. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 5: 56-76.
  • Tandon K.K. and Chaudhry N. (1983-84) Variations in the scales of some freshwater
  • Teleostean fishes of India. Matsya, 9-10: 38Tandon K.K. and Johal M.S. (1996) Age and Growth in Indian Freshwater Fishes.
  • Narendra Publishing House New Delhi. Thomson J. M. (1957) The size at maturity and spawning times of some Western
  • Australian estuarine fishes. Australian Journal of Marine Freshwater Research, 2: 469-485. Valinassab T., Seyfabadi S.J., Javadzadeh N. and Safikhani H. (2006) Reproduction of
  • Klunzinger Mullet, Liza klunzingeri, in coastal waters of Khouzestan Province (Persian Gulf). Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 6(2): 129-142. Yashouv A. and Berner-Samsonov E. (1970)
  • Contribution to the knowledge of eggs and early larval stages of mullets (Mugilidae) along the Israeli coast. Bamidgeh, 22: 72-89.
There are 58 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Hamid Reza Esmaeili This is me

Roozbehan Khaefi This is me

Golnaz Sayyadzadeh This is me

Mohadeseh Tahami This is me

Benafsheh Parsi This is me

Ali Gholamifard This is me

Publication Date November 27, 2014
Submission Date November 27, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 73 Issue: 1

Cite

AMA Esmaeili HR, Khaefi R, Sayyadzadeh G, Tahami M, Parsi B, Gholamifard A. Scale Surface Microstructure and Scale Size in Three Mugilid Fishes (Teleostei, Mugilidae) of Iran from Three Different Habitats. Eur J Biol. November 2014;73(1):31-42.