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Investigation of the Seasonal Variation in the Phytoplankton in the Surface Waters of the Gulf of Edremit

Year 2014, Volume: 73 Issue: 2, 31 - 46, 23.03.2016

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the phytoplankton species existing in the Gulf of Edremit and
some environmental conditions affecting them. Samples were collected in July and October 2003 and
in January and April 2004 from 3 stations through horizontal tows using a plankton net. After the
analysis of plankton samples, 123 species that belong to 5 classes were identified. It was determined
that one species (Phalacroma cuneus Schütt, 1895) was a new record for Turkish waters. The species
composition mostly consisted of dinoflagellates (53.7%) which were followed by diatoms (43.9%).
Most of the species which were identified in this study were similar to those phytoplanktonic algal
species which were reported from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea in previous studies. These are neritic,
oceanic, temperate and subtropical climate species. It was detected that 10 out of 19 potentially harmful
algal species identified in this study were toxic species; however, they did not show an extreme increase.
Dinophyceae had the highest cell number in July (1100 cell/L, St.1) and Bacillariophyceae in April
(2280 cell/L, St.2). The environmental variables of the seawater such as temperature (13.0-26.5 ºC),
salinity (35.9-38.5‰) and dissolved oxygen (4.43-8.46 mg/L) were measured in every sampling
period. Consequently, the phytoplankton species and their abundances in the Gulf of Edremit were
firstly determined with this study, and phytoplankton composition representing oligotrophic sea water
characteristic in the Aegean Sea was obtained.

References

  • Arin L., Moran X. A. G. and Estrada M. (2002) Phytoplankton size distribution and growth rates in the Alboran Sea (SW Mediterranean): short term variability related to mesoscale hydrodynamics. Journal of Plankton Research, 24: 1019-1033.
  • Balkıs N. (2000) Büyükçekmece koyu (Marmara Denizi) fitoplankton türlerinin kalitatif, kantitatif dağılımlarını etkileyen ortam faktörleri. araştırılması ve
  • 76). Thalassia Jugoslavica, 13: 327-342.
  • Frodge J. D., Thamas G. L. and Pauley G. B. (1990) Effects of canopy formation by floating and submergent aquatic macrophytes on the water quality of two shallow Pacific Northwest lakes. Aquatic Botany, 38: 231-248.
  • Gomez, F. (2003) Checklist of Mediterranean Free-living Dinoflagellates. Botanica Marina 46: 215-242.
  • Gökalp N. (1972) Edremit, Bodrum ve İskenderun durumunun karşılaştırmalı incelemesi. İ.Ü. Fen Fakültesi Hidrobiyologi Araştırma Enstitüsü Yayınları, 3: 1-71. plankton
  • Hallegraeff G. M. (1993) A review of harmful algal blooms and their apparent global increase. Phycologia, 32 (2): 79-99.
  • Hasle G. R. and Syvertsen E. E. (1997) Marine Diatoms. In: Tomas C.R. (ed.), Identifying marine phytoplankton, Chapter 2, Academic Press, A division of Harcourt Brace and Company, San Diego, USA, pp. 5-385.
  • Ignatiades L . (2005) Scaling the trophic status of the Aegean Sea, eastern Mediterranean. Journal of Sea Research, 54: 51-57.
  • Irtem E., Kabdasli S. and Azbar N. (2005) Coastal zone problems and environmental strategies to be implemented at Edremit Bay, Turkey. Environmental Management, 36: 37-47.
  • Kimor B. (1985) Round table on indicator species in marine phytoplankton, II. Background Presentation. Commission Internationele pour L’Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Méditerranée (Rapp. Comm. Int. Mer Médit), 29 (9): 65-79.
  • Kocataş A. and Bilecik N. (1992) Aegean Sea and Its Living Resources, T.C. Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı, Su ürünleri Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü Seri A., 7, Bodrum.
  • Koray T. (2001) Türkiye denizleri fitoplankton türleri kontrol listesi. Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 18 (1-2): 1-23.
  • Koray T. and Kesici U. Y. (1994) Bodrum Körfezi’nin (Ege Denizi) fitoplankton ve protozooplankton tür kompozisyonu. Ege Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Dergisi, Seri B, Ek 16/1: 971-980.
  • Lakkis S., Jonnsson L., Zodiatis G. and Soloviev D. (2003) Remote sensing data analysis in the Levantine basin: SST and chlorophyll a distribution. In: Yilmaz A. (ed.), Oceanography of Eastern mediterranean and Black Sea. Similarities and differences of two interconnected basins, 14-18 October 2002, Ankara: TUBITAK Publishers, pp. 266-273.
  • Lalli C. M. and Parsons T. R. (1993) Biological Oceanography: An Introduction, 1st ed., Pergamon Press, Oxford.
  • Löder M. G. J., Meunier C., Wiltshire K. H., Boersma M. and Alberle N. (2011) The role of ciliates, heterotrophic dinoflagellates and copepods in structuring spring plankton communities at Helgoland Roads, North Sea. Marine Biology, 158 (7): 1551-1580.
  • Mann M. N. (2000) Ecology of coastal waters, Second Edition, Blackwell Science, USA, 086-5425-507.
  • MarBEF Data System - European of Marine Species (ERMS) (http://www.marbef.org/ data/erms.php), (2010).
  • Marshall G. H. (1986) Distribution and concentration patterns of ubiquitous diatoms for the Northeastern continental Shelf of the United States. 9th Diatom-Symposium, 75- 85.
  • Nikolaidis G., Patouheas D.P. and Moschandreou K. (2006a) Estimating breakpoints of chl a in relation with nutrients from Thermaikos Gulf (Greece) using piecewise linear regression. Bulletin, 15: 1189-1192.
  • Nikolaidis G., Moschandreou K., Koukaras K., Aligizaki K., Kalopesa E. and Heracleous A. (2006b) The use of chlorophyll a for trophic state assessment of water masses in the inner part of Thermaikos Bay (NW Aegean Sea). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 15: 1193–1198.
  • Roberts E. C., Davidson K. and Gilpin L.C. (2003) Response of temperate microplankton communities to N:Si ratio perturbation. Journal of Plankton Research, 25: 1485- 1495.
  • Semina H. J. (1978) Treatment of an aliquot sample. In: Sournia, A. (ed.), Phytoplankton Manual. UNESCO, Paris.
  • Siegel S. (1956) Non-parametric statistics for the behavioral sciences. McGraw-Hill, New York, 0-07-057357-3.
  • Spatharis S. and Tsirtsis G. (2010) Ecological quality scales based on phytoplankton for the implementation of Water Framework Directive in the Eastern Mediterranean. Ecological Indicators, 10: 840-847.
  • Steidinger K. A. and Tangen K. (1997) Dinoflagellates. In: Tomas C. R. (ed.), Identifying marine phytoplankton, Chapter 3, Academic Press, A division of Harcourt Brace and Company, San Diego, USA, pp.387-584.
  • Sukhanova I. N. (1978) Preservation and storage. In Sournia, A. (ed.), Phytoplankton Manual, UNESCO, 97.
  • Throndsen J. (1978) Preservation and storage. In Sournia, A. (ed.), Phytoplankton Manual, UNESCO, Paris, pp. 69-74.
  • Throndsen J. (1997) The planktonic marine flagellates. In: Tomas C.R. (ed.), Identifying marine phytoplankton, Chapter 5, Academic Press, A division of Harcourt Brace and Company, San Diego, USA, pp.591-729.
  • Vila M. and Maso M. (2005) Phytoplankton functional groups and harmful algal species in anthropogenically impacted waters of the NW Mediterranean Sea. Scientia Marina, 69 (1): 31-45.
  • Yüce H. (1987) Ege denizinin yüzey suyu sıcaklık, tuzluluk, çözünmüs oksijen değişim özellikleri. Bülten, 3: 105-115.
  • Yüce H. (1995) Northern Aegean Water Masses. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 41: 325-343.
  • Zar J. H. (1984) Biostatistical analysis, 2nd ed., Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.

Edremit Körfezi’nin Yüzey Suyu Fitoplanktonundaki Mevsimsel Değişimlerin İncelenmesi

Year 2014, Volume: 73 Issue: 2, 31 - 46, 23.03.2016

Abstract

Edremit Körfezi’nde var olan fitoplankton türleri ile bunların üzerine etkili olan bazı ortam koşullarının saptanması amacıyla örnekler, 2003 yılının Temmuz ile Ekim aylarında ve 2004 yılının Ocak ile Nisan aylarında, 3 istasyondan plankton kepçesiyle, horizontal çekimler yapılarak elde edilmiştir. Plankton örneklerinin incelenmesi sonucunda, 5 sınıfa ait 123 tür saptanmıştır. Bir türün (Phalacroma cuneus Schütt, 1895) Türkiye denizleri için yeni kayıt olduğu belirlenmiştir. Tür kompozisyonunun büyük çoğunluğunu dinoflagellatlar oluşturmuş (%53,7) ve bunu diyatomlar izlemiştir (%43,9). Belirlenen türlerin büyük çoğunluğu, önceki çalışmalarda Doğu Akdeniz’den rapor edilen fitoplanktonik alg türleriyle benzerlik göstermiştir. Bu türler neritik, oseanik, ılıman ve subtropik iklim türleridir. Çalışmada belirlenen 19 potansiyel zararlı alg türünden 10’unun toksik türler olduğu saptanmıştır; ancak, bu türler aşırı artış göstermemiştir. En yüksek birey sayısına Dinophyceae Temmuz ayında (1100 h/L, ist.1), Bacillariophyceae ise Nisan ayında (2280 h/L, ist.2) ulaşmıştır. Deniz suyunun sıcaklık (13,0-26,5 ºC), tuzluluk (‰35,9-38,5) ve çözünmüş oksijen (4,43-8,46 mg/L) gibi fiziko-kimyasal özellikleri de her örnekleme döneminde ölçülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, Edremit Körfezi’nde yaşayan fitoplankton türleri ve bollukları ilk kez bu çalışmayla belirlenmiş ve Ege Denizinin tipik olarak oligotrofik su karakteristiğini temsil eden bir fitoplankton kompozisyonu elde edilmiştir

References

  • Arin L., Moran X. A. G. and Estrada M. (2002) Phytoplankton size distribution and growth rates in the Alboran Sea (SW Mediterranean): short term variability related to mesoscale hydrodynamics. Journal of Plankton Research, 24: 1019-1033.
  • Balkıs N. (2000) Büyükçekmece koyu (Marmara Denizi) fitoplankton türlerinin kalitatif, kantitatif dağılımlarını etkileyen ortam faktörleri. araştırılması ve
  • 76). Thalassia Jugoslavica, 13: 327-342.
  • Frodge J. D., Thamas G. L. and Pauley G. B. (1990) Effects of canopy formation by floating and submergent aquatic macrophytes on the water quality of two shallow Pacific Northwest lakes. Aquatic Botany, 38: 231-248.
  • Gomez, F. (2003) Checklist of Mediterranean Free-living Dinoflagellates. Botanica Marina 46: 215-242.
  • Gökalp N. (1972) Edremit, Bodrum ve İskenderun durumunun karşılaştırmalı incelemesi. İ.Ü. Fen Fakültesi Hidrobiyologi Araştırma Enstitüsü Yayınları, 3: 1-71. plankton
  • Hallegraeff G. M. (1993) A review of harmful algal blooms and their apparent global increase. Phycologia, 32 (2): 79-99.
  • Hasle G. R. and Syvertsen E. E. (1997) Marine Diatoms. In: Tomas C.R. (ed.), Identifying marine phytoplankton, Chapter 2, Academic Press, A division of Harcourt Brace and Company, San Diego, USA, pp. 5-385.
  • Ignatiades L . (2005) Scaling the trophic status of the Aegean Sea, eastern Mediterranean. Journal of Sea Research, 54: 51-57.
  • Irtem E., Kabdasli S. and Azbar N. (2005) Coastal zone problems and environmental strategies to be implemented at Edremit Bay, Turkey. Environmental Management, 36: 37-47.
  • Kimor B. (1985) Round table on indicator species in marine phytoplankton, II. Background Presentation. Commission Internationele pour L’Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Méditerranée (Rapp. Comm. Int. Mer Médit), 29 (9): 65-79.
  • Kocataş A. and Bilecik N. (1992) Aegean Sea and Its Living Resources, T.C. Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı, Su ürünleri Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü Seri A., 7, Bodrum.
  • Koray T. (2001) Türkiye denizleri fitoplankton türleri kontrol listesi. Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 18 (1-2): 1-23.
  • Koray T. and Kesici U. Y. (1994) Bodrum Körfezi’nin (Ege Denizi) fitoplankton ve protozooplankton tür kompozisyonu. Ege Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Dergisi, Seri B, Ek 16/1: 971-980.
  • Lakkis S., Jonnsson L., Zodiatis G. and Soloviev D. (2003) Remote sensing data analysis in the Levantine basin: SST and chlorophyll a distribution. In: Yilmaz A. (ed.), Oceanography of Eastern mediterranean and Black Sea. Similarities and differences of two interconnected basins, 14-18 October 2002, Ankara: TUBITAK Publishers, pp. 266-273.
  • Lalli C. M. and Parsons T. R. (1993) Biological Oceanography: An Introduction, 1st ed., Pergamon Press, Oxford.
  • Löder M. G. J., Meunier C., Wiltshire K. H., Boersma M. and Alberle N. (2011) The role of ciliates, heterotrophic dinoflagellates and copepods in structuring spring plankton communities at Helgoland Roads, North Sea. Marine Biology, 158 (7): 1551-1580.
  • Mann M. N. (2000) Ecology of coastal waters, Second Edition, Blackwell Science, USA, 086-5425-507.
  • MarBEF Data System - European of Marine Species (ERMS) (http://www.marbef.org/ data/erms.php), (2010).
  • Marshall G. H. (1986) Distribution and concentration patterns of ubiquitous diatoms for the Northeastern continental Shelf of the United States. 9th Diatom-Symposium, 75- 85.
  • Nikolaidis G., Patouheas D.P. and Moschandreou K. (2006a) Estimating breakpoints of chl a in relation with nutrients from Thermaikos Gulf (Greece) using piecewise linear regression. Bulletin, 15: 1189-1192.
  • Nikolaidis G., Moschandreou K., Koukaras K., Aligizaki K., Kalopesa E. and Heracleous A. (2006b) The use of chlorophyll a for trophic state assessment of water masses in the inner part of Thermaikos Bay (NW Aegean Sea). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 15: 1193–1198.
  • Roberts E. C., Davidson K. and Gilpin L.C. (2003) Response of temperate microplankton communities to N:Si ratio perturbation. Journal of Plankton Research, 25: 1485- 1495.
  • Semina H. J. (1978) Treatment of an aliquot sample. In: Sournia, A. (ed.), Phytoplankton Manual. UNESCO, Paris.
  • Siegel S. (1956) Non-parametric statistics for the behavioral sciences. McGraw-Hill, New York, 0-07-057357-3.
  • Spatharis S. and Tsirtsis G. (2010) Ecological quality scales based on phytoplankton for the implementation of Water Framework Directive in the Eastern Mediterranean. Ecological Indicators, 10: 840-847.
  • Steidinger K. A. and Tangen K. (1997) Dinoflagellates. In: Tomas C. R. (ed.), Identifying marine phytoplankton, Chapter 3, Academic Press, A division of Harcourt Brace and Company, San Diego, USA, pp.387-584.
  • Sukhanova I. N. (1978) Preservation and storage. In Sournia, A. (ed.), Phytoplankton Manual, UNESCO, 97.
  • Throndsen J. (1978) Preservation and storage. In Sournia, A. (ed.), Phytoplankton Manual, UNESCO, Paris, pp. 69-74.
  • Throndsen J. (1997) The planktonic marine flagellates. In: Tomas C.R. (ed.), Identifying marine phytoplankton, Chapter 5, Academic Press, A division of Harcourt Brace and Company, San Diego, USA, pp.591-729.
  • Vila M. and Maso M. (2005) Phytoplankton functional groups and harmful algal species in anthropogenically impacted waters of the NW Mediterranean Sea. Scientia Marina, 69 (1): 31-45.
  • Yüce H. (1987) Ege denizinin yüzey suyu sıcaklık, tuzluluk, çözünmüs oksijen değişim özellikleri. Bülten, 3: 105-115.
  • Yüce H. (1995) Northern Aegean Water Masses. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 41: 325-343.
  • Zar J. H. (1984) Biostatistical analysis, 2nd ed., Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ece Ağlaç This is me

Neslihan Balkıs

Publication Date March 23, 2016
Submission Date May 14, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 73 Issue: 2

Cite

AMA Ağlaç E, Balkıs N. Investigation of the Seasonal Variation in the Phytoplankton in the Surface Waters of the Gulf of Edremit. Eur J Biol. March 2016;73(2):31-46.