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TWO SIEGE, TWO COMMANDER: PLEVNA (1877) AND KUT-Al -AMARA (1915-1916), GAZi OSMAN PASHA AND MAJOR-GENERAL C. V.F. TOWNSHEND

Year 2009, Issue: 15, 1 - 27, 14.08.2014

İsmet Üzen

Abstract

The defence of Plevna was an extraordi1w1J1 one which has never been see11 before and it filled with admiration the world. Th erefore, it was inspirited by commanders who were under sieges during the post-Plevna era. For example, General Townshend, who was the defender of Kut-al-amara in the First World War, made a similar defence of Plevna. 1 le ref erred to the defence of Plevna and Gazi Os111 a11 Pasha 11 times in his me11101y. In this study, defences of Plevna and Kut-al-Amara and their conditions have been compared. Th e main subjects of comparison are as following: Geography, strategy and tactic, siege, relief f orce, 111 atter of withdrawal from town, proposal f or surrender, propaganda, desertions, lack of food, expensiveness and black 111arket, sickness, wounding hi111self and committing suicide, visiting f or the wounded, sortie, meeting of the victors and the defeated, captivity and back to home. Th e comparison of these two def ences has led us to some common results. 

Keywords

Plevna Kut-al-A111ara Siege Gazi Osman Pasha General Townshend

References

  • Barber C. H., Besieged in Kut and After, William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London 1918.
  • Barker A.J., The Bastard War: The Mesopotamian Campaign of 1914-1918, The Dial Press, New York 1967.
  • Bishop H.C.W., A Kut Prisoner, John Lane, London 1920. Blackledge W. J., The Legion of Marching Madmen, Sampson Low, Marston & Co., Ltd ., London 1936.
  • Candl er E., The Long Road to Baghdad, Vol.I, Cassell and Company Ltd., London 1919. Gardner Nikolas, "Sepoys and the Siege of Kut-al-amara December 1915-April 1916", War in History, 11 /3, 2004, ss.307-326.
  • Gcnclkurmay Askeri Tarih vc Stratejik Etlit Ba kanhg1 , Gazi Osman Pa~a ve Plevne Savunmas1, Ki.iltiir ve Turizm Bakanhg1 Yaymlan, Ankara 1982.
  • Hal ii Pa ~a, Bitmeyen Sava~ (Haz. Taylan Sorgun), Kum Saati Yaymlan, istanbul 2003. Hi.il agi.i Mctin, Gazi Osman Pa~a , Bogazir;i Yaymlan, istanbul 1999.
  • ibrahim Edhcm, Plevne Hat1ralan, Haz. Seyfullah Esin, Tcrci.iman, istanbul 1979. Mahmud Cclalcddin Pa~a, Mir'at-1 Hakikat, Haz. ismct Miroglu, Berekat Yaymevi, istanbul 1983.
  • Millar Ronald, Death of an Army: the Siege of Kut 1915-1916, Houghton Mifflin, Boston 1970.
  • Moberley F. J., The Campaign in Mesopotamia 1914-1918, Vol.I-II, The Imperi al War Museum, London 1997.
  • Ryan Charl es S., Plevne'de Bir Avustralyah, Cev. Ali R1 za Seyfioglu, Tiirkiyc ~ Bankasi Kiiltiir · Yaymlan, istanbul 2005.
  • Si.ier H. Hikmet, 1877-1878 Osmanh Rus Harbi Rumeli Cephesi, Genelkurmay Bas1mevi, Ankara 1993 .
  • T.C. Gcnelkurmay Ba kanh , Birinci Dilnya Harbinde TUrk Harbi: lrak-iran Cephesi 1914- 1918, C. I, Genelkurmay Bas1mevi, Ankara 1979.
  • Talat, Plcvne Savunmas1, Cev. Talat Yalazan, Genclkurmay Basm1evi, Ankara 1997,
  • Townshend C. V.F., lrak Seferi ve Esaret, Tcrciime: Tarih-i Askeri-i Osmani Enci.imeni, Sad. Recep Ah1 skah, Ycditepc Yaymcvi, istanbul 2007.
  • Von Herbert, Plevne Mcydan Muharebesi, Cev. Nurettin Ai1am, Kastas Yaymcvi, istanbul 2004

iKi KUSATMA, iKi KOMUTAN: PLEVNE (1877) VE KUT'UL-AMARE (1915-1916), GAZi OSMAN PASA VE TUMGENERAL C V.F. TOWNSHEND

Year 2009, Issue: 15, 1 - 27, 14.08.2014

İsmet Üzen

Abstract

Plevne savu11mas1 diinyada e$i gorii/m mi~· bir sav1111111ad1r 1•e tii111 d1"i11yay1 kendisine hayra11 btrakmt$1tr. Bu yom"iyle daha so11ra kt1$al111a a/1111da kalan ko11111ta11/ara da ilha111 kay11ag1 o!mtt$ft1r. Omegi11, Birinci Dt"inya Sava~· 111da lrak Cephesinde Tfirklere kar$t Kut 'iii-A mare )ii sav1111011 General Tow11 she11d J'levne ben::eri bir sav1111111a yapmt$1tr. f /a/1ralan11da /I kez J'lev11 e sav111111ws111a ve Gazi Osman Pa aya attfta buh11111111~·111r. 811 ralt$11Wda, Plev11 e ve K11t 'l"il-A111are '11i11 sav111111ws1 ve ir;inde b11!1111duk/cm $Ortlar 11111kayese di/111i~· 1ir. Ba~· /1 ca 11111kayese ko1111lan w1/ardan of11$1110ktadtr: CogrnfYa, strateji, wktik, kri$af11w, K11rtar111a On/usu. kasabada11 r;ekilme ko1111s11, teslim 0/1110 tek/ifleri, propaganda, firar/ar, yiyecek s1kmt1s1, palw!t/1k ve karaborsa, hasta!tk, ke11di11i yara/a111a ve intihar olaylan, yaralt!an ziyaret, h11r111;:, galip ve magluplarm kar$Ila$111as1, esaret ve eve don ii . Bu iki ku$alnw111n mukayesesi bizi baz1 ortak sonur;lara gotiirmektedir. 

Keywords

Plevne Kut'ül-Amare Kuşatma Gazi Osman Paşa General Townshend

References

  • Barber C. H., Besieged in Kut and After, William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London 1918.
  • Barker A.J., The Bastard War: The Mesopotamian Campaign of 1914-1918, The Dial Press, New York 1967.
  • Bishop H.C.W., A Kut Prisoner, John Lane, London 1920. Blackledge W. J., The Legion of Marching Madmen, Sampson Low, Marston & Co., Ltd ., London 1936.
  • Candl er E., The Long Road to Baghdad, Vol.I, Cassell and Company Ltd., London 1919. Gardner Nikolas, "Sepoys and the Siege of Kut-al-amara December 1915-April 1916", War in History, 11 /3, 2004, ss.307-326.
  • Gcnclkurmay Askeri Tarih vc Stratejik Etlit Ba kanhg1 , Gazi Osman Pa~a ve Plevne Savunmas1, Ki.iltiir ve Turizm Bakanhg1 Yaymlan, Ankara 1982.
  • Hal ii Pa ~a, Bitmeyen Sava~ (Haz. Taylan Sorgun), Kum Saati Yaymlan, istanbul 2003. Hi.il agi.i Mctin, Gazi Osman Pa~a , Bogazir;i Yaymlan, istanbul 1999.
  • ibrahim Edhcm, Plevne Hat1ralan, Haz. Seyfullah Esin, Tcrci.iman, istanbul 1979. Mahmud Cclalcddin Pa~a, Mir'at-1 Hakikat, Haz. ismct Miroglu, Berekat Yaymevi, istanbul 1983.
  • Millar Ronald, Death of an Army: the Siege of Kut 1915-1916, Houghton Mifflin, Boston 1970.
  • Moberley F. J., The Campaign in Mesopotamia 1914-1918, Vol.I-II, The Imperi al War Museum, London 1997.
  • Ryan Charl es S., Plevne'de Bir Avustralyah, Cev. Ali R1 za Seyfioglu, Tiirkiyc ~ Bankasi Kiiltiir · Yaymlan, istanbul 2005.
  • Si.ier H. Hikmet, 1877-1878 Osmanh Rus Harbi Rumeli Cephesi, Genelkurmay Bas1mevi, Ankara 1993 .
  • T.C. Gcnelkurmay Ba kanh , Birinci Dilnya Harbinde TUrk Harbi: lrak-iran Cephesi 1914- 1918, C. I, Genelkurmay Bas1mevi, Ankara 1979.
  • Talat, Plcvne Savunmas1, Cev. Talat Yalazan, Genclkurmay Basm1evi, Ankara 1997,
  • Townshend C. V.F., lrak Seferi ve Esaret, Tcrciime: Tarih-i Askeri-i Osmani Enci.imeni, Sad. Recep Ah1 skah, Ycditepc Yaymcvi, istanbul 2007.
  • Von Herbert, Plevne Mcydan Muharebesi, Cev. Nurettin Ai1am, Kastas Yaymcvi, istanbul 2004
There are 15 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

İsmet Üzen This is me

Publication Date August 14, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2009 Issue: 15

Cite

APA Üzen, İ. (2014). iKi KUSATMA, iKi KOMUTAN: PLEVNE (1877) VE KUT’UL-AMARE (1915-1916), GAZi OSMAN PASA VE TUMGENERAL C V.F. TOWNSHEND. Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi(15), 1-27.
AMA Üzen İ. iKi KUSATMA, iKi KOMUTAN: PLEVNE (1877) VE KUT’UL-AMARE (1915-1916), GAZi OSMAN PASA VE TUMGENERAL C V.F. TOWNSHEND. Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi. August 2014;(15):1-27.
Chicago Üzen, İsmet. “IKi KUSATMA, IKi KOMUTAN: PLEVNE (1877) VE KUT’UL-AMARE (1915-1916), GAZi OSMAN PASA VE TUMGENERAL C V.F. TOWNSHEND”. Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi, no. 15 (August 2014): 1-27.
EndNote Üzen İ (August 1, 2014) iKi KUSATMA, iKi KOMUTAN: PLEVNE (1877) VE KUT’UL-AMARE (1915-1916), GAZi OSMAN PASA VE TUMGENERAL C V.F. TOWNSHEND. Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi 15 1–27.
IEEE İ. Üzen, “iKi KUSATMA, iKi KOMUTAN: PLEVNE (1877) VE KUT’UL-AMARE (1915-1916), GAZi OSMAN PASA VE TUMGENERAL C V.F. TOWNSHEND”, Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi, no. 15, pp. 1–27, August 2014.
ISNAD Üzen, İsmet. “IKi KUSATMA, IKi KOMUTAN: PLEVNE (1877) VE KUT’UL-AMARE (1915-1916), GAZi OSMAN PASA VE TUMGENERAL C V.F. TOWNSHEND”. Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi 15 (August 2014), 1-27.
JAMA Üzen İ. iKi KUSATMA, iKi KOMUTAN: PLEVNE (1877) VE KUT’UL-AMARE (1915-1916), GAZi OSMAN PASA VE TUMGENERAL C V.F. TOWNSHEND. Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2014;:1–27.
MLA Üzen, İsmet. “IKi KUSATMA, IKi KOMUTAN: PLEVNE (1877) VE KUT’UL-AMARE (1915-1916), GAZi OSMAN PASA VE TUMGENERAL C V.F. TOWNSHEND”. Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi, no. 15, 2014, pp. 1-27.
Vancouver Üzen İ. iKi KUSATMA, iKi KOMUTAN: PLEVNE (1877) VE KUT’UL-AMARE (1915-1916), GAZi OSMAN PASA VE TUMGENERAL C V.F. TOWNSHEND. Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2014(15):1-27.